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monosaccharide oligosaccharide polysaccharide
Can not be hydrolyzed
Ex.: glucose, mannose
On hydrolysis yield
2-10 monosaccharides
Ex.:lactose, sacrose
On hydrolysis yield
more than 10
monosaccharides
They are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or their derivatives.
They also called saccharides and classified to
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Very important as they perform several
biological function.
Also called non sugarswith general formula
Cx(H2O)y
Based on the composition they are classified :
Homopolysaccharides Heteroopolysaccharides
composed of single type of
monosaccharide
Ex.: Glycogen, Starch,
Cellulose
Composed of more than one typeof monosaccharide
EX.:hyaluronic acid, dermatan
sulpfate
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Based on the function they are classified into :
Storage
polysaccharides
Structural
polysaccharides
Help in storing food materials in
plant & animals
Ex: starch , glycogen
Help in maintaining
mechanical shape & rigidityof cells
Ex.: cellulose , chitin
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Mushrooms belong to the Fungi group .
They are fleshy plants that grow from decaying materials.
they cannot produce their own food because they do not
have chlorophyll.
Mushrooms have been valued throughout the world as
both food and medicine for thousands of years.
Its one of the healthiest food the fats in it mostly is
unsaturated fatty acid which help in lower the cholesterol
level.
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1. Polysaccharide : (major component)
2. Terpenes , triterpenoids
3. Steroids , ergosterols
4. Protiens , vitamins(vit.B2 , vit. D)
5. Saturated fatty acids : linolenic acid
6. Minerals (magnesium, calcium, potassium )
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Most mushroom polysaccharides are belonging to:
Lentinan structure
-glucans composed of D-glucose monomers
linked by -glycosidic linkage:
-(1-3) in the main chain ,-(1-6) as branching point
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Mushroom origin % of
polysaccharide
Maitake Grifola Frondosa 30%
Shiitake Lentinula edodes 30% LentinanReishi Ganoderma
lucidum30% Ganoderan
Yun-zhi Coriolus versicolor 30%
Oyster Pleurotusostreatus
25%
Brazil
mushroo
m
Agaricus blazei
Murrill40%
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Mushroom have no immune system and must create andsecrete antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic
compounds to survive.
Mushroom polysaccharides have the ability to power up
the immune system, strengthening its ability to fight infection and
disease
Examples :
Schizophyllan streptoccocus sp.
Psk E.coli
Effective against
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Polysaccharides present in mushrooms such as lentinan and
beta-glucan have been shown to shrink tumors and fight against
a range of cancers .
Polysaccharides from mushrooms do not attack cancer cells
directly, but produce their antitumor effects by activating
different immune responses in the host.
Their activity is especially beneficial in clinics when used in
conjunction with chemotherapy.
Most of the clinical evidence for antitumor activity comes from
the commercial polysaccharides lentinan, krestin, and
schizophyllan.
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Research shows that a high-molecular
polysaccharide present in maitake mushroom called the
X-fraction could help to regulate blood glucose levels,
thereby helping to improve diabetes symptoms.
Researchers suggest that this X-fraction can
reduce insulin resistance, by increasing insulin
sensitivity.
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some mushrooms contain a compound called
Eritadenine which has an ability to reduce blood
cholesterol levels
As it contains polysaccharides and large amount of
potassium .
It contain ergothioneine which is necessary for healthy eyes,
liver and kidney.
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Ganoderma lucidum
It is rare and hard to find in nature in China
and Japan , is now commonly cultured. It
can be cultured on logs that are buried in
shady, moist areas.
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G. lucidum is of particular interest because it has been
portrayed as a "fix-it-all" herbal remedy for maladies such
as:
Cancer low blood pressure
high blood pressure
diabetes
Rheumatism
heart problems
Asthma
Tiredness
hepatitisA, B, and CInsomnia
Sterility
Epilepsy
alcoholism.
Paralysis
Ulcers
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Its a genus of parasitic and saprobic mushroom
characterized by unique look like sea spong or a brain
Sparassis crispa
Korea,Japan ,USA and Australia.
Has anti-tumour properties
It containpolysaccharides which stimulate the
immune system and inhibit growth of the 'superbug'
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
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Agaricus blazei
Brazil
Have the more potent anticarcinogenic
activity,inhibiting growth of tumor cells and
absorbing the carcinogen , due to its major activecomponent (-glucan polysaccharides).
It promote vital energy of human , blood-glucose
and have blood cholesterol depressing activity.
Improve atherosclerosis.
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All these Benefits of mushroom lead us to
consider it as " a treasure trove of bioactive
compounds
due to its amazing components and their Great
influence on human body as it support some of
the major systems of the body, including nervous
hormonal and immune systems as well asregulatory functions.
It is a natural tonic, its activity is normally
comprehensive, they showed the roles of
nourishing and strengthening the organism,
improving the resistance and anti-senile activity.
Also mushroom polysaccharides appear to be
well tolerated and compatible with chemotherapy
and radiation therapy .
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1. Marina Adel Gaber
2. Marina Atef Kadees
3. Marina Emad Dawood
4. Marina Medhat Nadi
5. Marina Mamdouh Foad
6. Marina Nabil tawfik
7. Marina Nabil Fahmy
8. Mario Maged Shahed
9. Mario Mohey Kameel
10.Mazen Nagy Faheem
11.Michael Ghobrial Beshay
12.Michael MaherBotros
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