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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland
-a semantic web portal
Eero Hyvönen, Kim Viljanen, Samppa Saarela, Eetu Mäkelä, Mirva Salminen&Miikka Junnila ([email protected])Semantic Computing Research GroupHelsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT) & University of Helsinki, Dept. of Computer Sciencehttp://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The “Semantic Web” research project group (2002-2004)
• prof. Eero Hyvönen• Miikka Junnila• Suvi Kettula• Eetu Mäkelä• Vilho Raatikka• Samppa Saarela• Mirva Salminen• Ahti Syreeni• Arttu Valo• Kim Viljanen
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology& University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology& University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html
New YorkNew York
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Research Consortium
National Boardof Antiquities
Espoo CityMuseum
Lahti CityMuseum
ANTIKVARIA GROUPHelsinki University
Museum
UNIVERSITYOF HELSINKI
Co-operation with:Finnish National Gallery
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Outline for this Presentation
1. What is MuseumFinland?2. End-user’s view: The MuseumFinland portal3. Developer’s view: some technical details4. Discussion and summary
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
1. What is MuseumFinland? — Background
• Museum items are distributed to special museums– E.g., museum for design and art, museum of a specific city,
etc.physically separatedsemantically interconnected!
– Many items are seldom visible in the museums, but archived in optimal conditions
• Museum web sites are build for each museum separately– The user is interested in the historical artifacts– not in museum organizations
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland
• A semantic portal for searching and browsing museum items– Global view to distributed collections– One seamless national collection (virtually)
”Museums in Finland” ”Museum of Finland”
1. For the end-user: Semantic search and browsing– Search: concept-based information retrieval– Browsing: semantically linked contents
2. For the museums: a publishing method for publishing their collections together on the (Semantic) Web
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland Approach
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
2. The End-User’s view: The MuseumFinland Portal
Functions of the system:Multi-facet searchKeyword searchSemantic browsing
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
1. Multi-facet search
• UI based on: [Pollit97], [Hearst&al 03]• our system:
based on ontologies and RDF• several facet trees (views on content)
• e.g., ”artifact type”, ”manufacturer”, ”usage situation”
• The user can select any concept fromthe facet trees– the result of the query is the
disjunction of the selected concepts• The views are projected from the
ontologies
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Multi-facet search
artifact type userplace of
manufacturing
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Multi-facet search
artifact type userplace of
manufacturing1.
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Multi-facet search
artifact type userplace of
manufacturing
2.
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
2. Concept-Based Keyword Search
• searches both keywords in the categories and the items• combined with the multi-facet search
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
3. Semantic browsing
• links generated based on logic rules and the ontologiesand metadata
• rules are generated by a domain specialist• goal: describing the relation between X and Y
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Demo!
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Demo: Usage Sequence
1. Jim is located in New York and interested in knowingmore about artifacts related to New York.
2. Jim starts the search by typing ”New York”.3. New York has been a ”place of manufacturing” and
”place of usage”.4. clicks on ”type-writer Remington”5. clicks on ”related to same subject matter” ”
cosmos pencil with pen case”6. clicks on ”piggy bank: Scrooge McDuck”7. clicks on ”manufacturing time”: 1960-19698. restriction: ”machines” + ”North-America”9. a red tape recorder
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland Mobile Version
• Solving the small display problem with semantic web– multi-facet search: hiding choices based on search context
• New functions– Combining coordinates and location ontology– Getting more info by email
• Technical details– WAP 2.0 compatible phones– Nokia Series 60 browser
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
3. Developer’s view: Some Technical Details
• MuseumFinland portal server is based on– semantic web technologies (ontologies, metadata), – Java– Jena (http://jena.sourceforge.net)– Apache Cocoon XML publishing framework
(http://cocoon.apache.org/)– SWI-Prolog (http://www.swi-prolog.org)
• Other tools used– Protégé 2000 for editing ontologies and instance data
(http://protege.stanford.edu)– Perl
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Architecture of MuseumFinland
Semantic Content
Editor Syntactic interoperability
Semantic interoperability
Heterogeneous Collection Data Bases
The End-User
The domain expert
WWW BrowserEnd-User
Museum Finland server
Portal Server
Content provider(museums)
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
Common collection XML Schema
Museum 1 Museum 2 Museum 3
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland Content Process
Semantic Content
Editor Syntactic interoperability
Semantic interoperability
Heterogeneous Collection Data Bases
The End-User
The domain expert
WWW BrowserEnd-User
Museum Finland server
Portal Server
Content provider(museums)
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
Common collection XML Schema
Museum 1 Museum 2 Museum 3
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
DB to MuseumFinland
• The problem: Annotating a (large) collection of museum items• Our solution:
– a semi-automated annotation process based on terms and ontologies– domain specialists are needed for semantic disambiguation
RDF
syntacticinteroperability
semanticinteroperability
museum ontologiesxml schema
XMLMuseum DB
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
DB to XML
• an ”XML card” is created for every museum artifact
• 14 fields such as– identifaction number– name of the object– manufacturer– etc.
RDF
syntacticinteroperability
semanticinteroperability
museum ontologiesxml schema
XMLMuseum DB
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The Goal of the Annotation: mapping the items to the ontology
RDF
syntacticinteroperability
semanticinteroperability
museum ontologiesxml schema
XMLMuseum DB
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Using terms for mapping cards to the ontologies
XMLCards
Terminator:Term Extraction
RDFCards
UnknownTerms
MF Global Terms
Annomobile:XML2RDF
Ontologies
Advise logHuman Term
Card Edit
Local Terms
Human RDFCard EditAdvise log
RDF Cards
CheckRDF Cards
OUTPUT
Term Creation Process
Artifact Record Creation Process
INPUT
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Contents of MuseumFinland
• currently contains approximately 4500 museum items• cultural collections• archeological and historical sites
• seven ontologies
ONTOLOGY CONTENT CLASSES INDIVIDUALSArtifacts Classes for tangible collection objects 3227 0Materials Substances that the artifacts are made of 364 0Actors Persons, companies, organizations, and other agents 26 1715Locations Continents, countries, cities, villages, farms etc. 33 864Times Eras, centuries, etc. as time intervals 57 0Events Situations, events, and processes in the society 992 0Collections Museum collections included in the system 22 24
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland Portal
Semantic Content
Editor Syntactic interoperability
Semantic interoperability
Heterogeneous Collection Data Bases
The End-User
The domain expert
WWW BrowserEnd-User
Museum Finland server
Portal Server
Content provider(museums)
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
Common collection XML Schema
Museum 1 Museum 2 Museum 3
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
14
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The Portal Server
Semantic
The End-UserWWW Browser
Museum Finland server
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The Portal Server
Semantic
The End-UserWWW Browser
Museum Finland server
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
15
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Ontodella – the Logic Module
• function 1: defining views– generates the view-trees based on the RDF input and Prolog
rules– every tree-view is defined by
• the root node (where to start the tree?)• the subnode relation (what are the subnodes for node X?)• the leaf rule (is resource R connected to node X?)
• function 2: relations between artifacts– relation rules which define whether artifact X is related to Y– rules are defined independent from the artifacts, using
concepts presented in the ontologies
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Linking Rules Intuitively
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Linking Rules Intuitively
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Ontodella - implementation
• queried from OntoView with HTTP queries• results returned as RDF/XML messages
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The Portal Server
Semantic
The End-UserWWW Browser
Museum Finland server
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Ontogator – The View Engine
• does the view-based operations– calculates the disjunctions of the selected categories– sorts the results (based on selected category)
• provides a RDF based API– queries and results as RDF/XML messages
• implementation– Java + Jena memory model
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
The Portal Server
Semantic
The End-UserWWW Browser
Museum Finland server
Ontodella Ontogator
RDF instances
View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations
OntoView
OntologiesRDF(S)
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
OntoView
• based on Apache Cocoon• handles the user interaction
– creates the HTML (with XSLT)– manages the user queries and calls the underlying systems
19
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
4. Discussion, open questions etc
• It’s working! :)– the museums have been pleased with the results– an important goal has been to learn and test Semantic Web
technologies for solving a real world problem
• The rules make the system flexible– different kind of RDF data can be imported– the possibility to create different kinds of exhibitions by
changing the views and the linking rules
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Open Questions, Possible Future Additions
• scalability to bigger collections (>100000)– currently about 5000 artifacts– addressed in a follow-up project
• how to create the view and linking rules easily?– editor software needed?
• ranking method for the generated links?– will be addressed in a follow-up project
• many different technologies– connecting SWI-Prolog and Java-applications
Jena2’s rule engine could be used instead of Prolog ?
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Future work
• new projects– national Finnish ontologies– project for semantic service finding
(”semantic yellow pages”)
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Related Work
• the Flamenco system– we used the same user interface, underlying implementation
differs
• existing museum portals, such as Australian Online– we collect the information to a global database
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
MuseumFinland and the Semantic Web
• The SW technologies are usefull in MF, because– the data can be changed without changing the software
(changes to the rules may be needed)MF has been tested with yellow page data
– a standard way for describing datadata reusable in other applicationsmuseum data has been tested in other applications
• MuseumFinland is not a perfect SW citizen (yet)– the portal is a centralized system– based on our own ontologies (however, modifying existing
museum classifications)– the ontologies and the data are not currently public
Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Summary
MuseumFinland = A Semantic portal for FinnishMuseum Collections
a national culture content publication channel on the Semantic Web
End-User’s viewpointSeamless view to heterogeneous collectionsSearch based on views and ontologiesBrowsing based on semantic recommendations
Museum’s viewpointA semi-automatic publication process for publishing contentin MuseumFinland
Test it yourself! http://museosuomi.cs.helsinki.fi
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Semantic Computing Research Group
University of Helsinki
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/
Questions, comments?
Thank you!
my email: [email protected]
the application: http://museosuomi.cs.helsinki.fi/