Museum Entrance Egypt Mesopotamia Chinese River Indus River The Museum of Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations Greece Utopia Curators Welcome Rome

Museum Entrance Egypt Mesopotamia Chinese River Indus River The Museum of Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations Greece Utopia Curators Welcome Rome Cita- tions

Curators Office Contact me at [Your linked email address] As curators for this museum we have each gotten our skills in history from Mrs. Jones Pre-AP World History class. Anthony Rhone is 15. Wesley Short is 16. Joshua Wilson is 15. We each find history fascinating for our own reasons. Wesley likes history because he simply likes learning about the past. The reason Anthony Rhone likes learning about history is because he believes by learning about the past it can affect our future. The reason Joshua Wilson likes history is because he likes to apply things he learned in the past directly into his life. Wesley Short, Anthony Rhone, Joshua Wilson Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.Keith Valley Middle SchoolDr. Christy KeelerEducational Virtual Museums Return to Entry

Room 1 Return to EntryEgypt

Room 2 Return to Entry Artifact 5 Artifact 6Mesopotamia

Room 3 Return to Entry Artifact 9 Artifact 12 Artifact 10 Indus River Valley Artifact 11

Room 4 Return to Entry Artifact 14 Chinese River Valley

Room 5 Return to Entry Artifact 17 Artifact 20 Artifact 18Anthshortison Artifact 19 Artifact 21

Room 5 Return to Entry Artifact 17 Artifact 20 Artifact 18Greece Artifact 21

Room 5 Return to Entry Artifact 17 Artifact 20 Artifact 18Rome Artifact 19 Artifact 21

Egypt had a massive civilization and obviously they had to take care of a large amount of people. While the farmers were of a lower social class than other jobs they were very important to the lives of most of Egypt. Without these farmers who spent most of their lives working the food supply of Egypt wouldve dropped. The farmers like the rest of Egypt depended on the Nile river. It decided when, where, and what they could plant. There were two main seasons, the growing and the harvesting seasons. The farmers used large irrigation ditches to water the plants in the desert area. They grew such things as wheat, barley, different melons, and other vine plants. Return to Exhibit Egypts Job Specialization

Egypt had a unique writing style used for record keeping that still fascinates people today. It is called hieroglyphics. It consists of many picture-like signs that each have a specific meaning. While Egyptians also had a more everyday writing style called didactic, this is more known and prominent. Egyptians had to use record keeping like many other major civilizations of the time did. It was used to keep track of many of the monetary situations as well as crop records. Return to Exhibit Egypt's Record Keeping

Most of Egypt was based along the Nile because of the resources given to them from it. To build the cities itself they used a way of making bricks out of mud. They used a mold for it and made a mixture of mud and other fixings and filled the mold. They then let the mud simpley bake in the hot sun and took them back out. They then used the bricks to build everything from a farmers house to an advisor to the Pharaoh. This form of brick-making for houses and other shelters is still used today. Return to Exhibit Egypts Cities

A lot of of Egyptian life depended on its geography. The Nile River was literally its life source. Without it the Egyptian civilization wouldve collapesed. The Nile gave it all of its resources. It gave them water. The Nile even gave them farming. The Nile left large areas of farmland when its waters receded after flooding. And even still they used large irrigation ditches to funnel the Niles water to the plants to water them in the arid desert. The Nile truly was a source of life. Return to Exhibit Egypts Map and Geography

Ancient Mesopotamian inventions. 14 Sept 2011. http://www.ancientmesopotamians.comancient- mesopotamian-enventions.html http://www.ancientmesopotamians.comancient- mesopotamian-enventions.html Major Inventions in Ancient Mesopotamia. Ancient Mesopotamians. n.d. Web. 4 Oct 2011 The Mesopotamian civilization was the first to build cities, and their inventions and technology evaded urban life. Some of Mesopotamia's most important inventions survived and continue to be used today. Most of the earliest Mesopotamia technology was used for making clay pottery. They used basic technology to build other raw materials as well. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Technology

Writing emerged in many different cultures and in numerous locations throughout the ancient world. The Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia are credited with inventing the earliest form of writing in 3500 BC. The writings on the tablets are simple pictures, or pictograms. They wrote in the clay by pressing into it. The invention of writing was the dawn of the information revolution. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Record Keeping Sharland, Jason. Flashcards: Ancient Civilizations- Sumer. Quizlet. 28 Feb 2011. Web. 4 Oct 2011 Flashcards: Ancient Civilizations. Jason Sharland. 28 Feb 2011. Quizlet. 14 Sept 2011.

Uruk, Mesopotamia. Googleusercontent. 14 Sept 2011. http://1h6.googleusercontent.com/- yROD74R469U/TYAo2g9L7TI/AAAAAAAACrs/EFlWWZ 3gfkm/Uruk.jpg http://1h6.googleusercontent.com/- yROD74R469U/TYAo2g9L7TI/AAAAAAAACrs/EFlWWZ 3gfkm/Uruk.jpg Uruk, Mesopotamia.googleusercontent.nd The cities in this area had three parts, the inner city with temples of the gods, the middle city with crops and farm animals to support the populations, and the outer city near the harbor for trading. This city, Uruk, was the civilizations capitol city-state. In these cities they built large buildings called zigurats, temples of gods and goddesses. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Cities

Ancient Mesopotamia was located in a piece of the Fertile Crescent. It is also between two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates River. Northern Mesopotamia is made up of hills and plains. This land is pretty fertile due to seasonal rains and the rivers and streams following from the mountains. In the South, its more of a marshy area and wide plains. Both of the parts were both important to all the people of Mesopotamia. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Map and Geography

The Indus River Valley Civilization created the first urban centers in the area. From examination of the cities and artifacts it seems to be that they may have placed an importance on hygiene. While other civilizations did care about this the Indus River Valley civilization seemed to put this on a scale for much of the population. They even had sewage and drainage areas around the city. The reason it is said they had a high priority on hygiene is because all of the houses had access to these areas. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Cities Durga Puja.4to40.n.d..Web. Sept 17 2011

The Indus River Valley civilization had a lot to do with the arts. This piece of pottery here is an example of that. Many things have been found related to the arts such as statues and even gold jewelry. To actually produce these things would take a skilled craftsman that probably would have been known throughout the area. Today these objects would be made with a machine mass-producing the objects. Back then there were people trained to do this. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Job Specialization Mohenjo-Daro.Jonathan Mark Kenoyer. University of Wisconsin. Sept 26 2011. Kenoyer, Jonathan.Mohenjo-Daro.mohenjodaro.n.d.Web. Sept 26 2011

Sadly, no one alive today knows how to actually read the style of writing the Indus River Valley civilization had. They have discovered however about four hundred to six hundred different characters of their language. Most inscriptions of their language are generally about 5 characters long. The longest one is about 26 characters long. Since we cannot read the inscriptions themselves we cannot say for sure what the writing style was used for. However, we can say that it could have been used for things like religious ceremonies or average note-taking. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Record Keeping Chico.California State University. Sept 27 2011. http://www.csuchico.comhttp://www.csuchico.com Chico.Csuchico.n.d.Web. Sept 27 2011

The Indus River Valley civilization obviously depended on the river it is based around but they also used the Arabian Sea and the lush land around it. The rivers provided them with things such as transportation, trade, food, and a water source. Rivers are something that can provide practically everything a human being could need. The valley surrounding the river was also suited for people. The river brought in game and also left them with some fertile ground. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Map and Geography Indus Valley. The British Museum. 26 Sept 2011. http://www.ancientindia.co Indus Valley. ancient india. N.d. Web. 26 Sept 2011

The geography around the Chinese River Valley civilization was not very good to say the least. Even though 2 major rivers flowed through it not much land was actually fertile for farming. They couldnt even trade much because of the mountain ranges around them. This obviously led to some disadvantageous things for the area. They mainly had to rely on the food produced from their own domesticated animals. It was a hard life indeed for these people. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Map and Geography

Religious-wise they believed that the family elders deserved the most respect. They were considered the wisest sourced to go to. They also depended on worship of their dead ancestors. They even used oracles to seek information from their dead ancestors. This style of religion also supported a male-dominant society. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Religion

During this time the King ruled under a system of feudalism. This means that the King designated Warlords to rule over certain areas. But the King was always in a place of ultimate power over the civilization itself. The King could even replace Warlords if he chose to and appoint another to their position. Even though the Warlords ruled over their specific areas the King always had the last say in things and was the absolute power. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Job Specialization

The Art of Literature was important to their civilization. It was a literal treasure. One of the more known writers was Zhon. The Chinese writing system is based off of characters. Each character has a base form and you add other shapes to it to form what you are going to say. It is very complex. This language is considered one of the hardest in the world to learn. This writing system was used for literature as stated earlier and for keeping city records or anything else pertaining to the people. However, documents of any of these are rare because they didnt have a writing system for quite some time. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Record Keeping

The Civilization of Anthshortison was on the Fertile Crescent so crops were a large part of their trade as well as their life. Unlike many other nations farmers were treated with respect for the jobs that they did. They were an integral part of their society. Anthshortisons main crop export was rice. The marshy South area of the Fertile Crescent was very much so fit for this difficult crop. Farming and cultivating rice is backbreaking and exhausting work. It is no wonder that farmers were respected. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Job Specialization

Anthshortison is a nation that originally from the Chinese civilization and as such they carried a lot of their culture with them. This artifact is an example of their record keeping and their writing system. Like the Chinese they used a system of drawn characters that each mean certain things. Each character starts with a base form and then other things are added to that base form to make it say what you want. In theory you could say an entire sentence with 1 character. They used this writing system for things ranging from market records to militarial needs. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Record Keeping

This artifact is an example of the monetary system used in the Anthshortison government. They used a range of coins that each had a specific amount. They seem to range from 1/100 th of their equivalent of our dollar to 50 depending on the markings, size, and materials the coin is made of. Some coins have been found of gold and silver. These were no doubt very valuable during this civilization's better years. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Government

The Anthshortison area depended on 4 major things to support their lifestyles from the geography. These are the Fertile Crescent, The Tigris River, the Euphrates River, and the Mediterranean Sea. The Fertile Crescent provided them with an area full of rich, fertile soil to plant in. This gave them crops. Then the Tigris and the Euphrates gave them fresh water, a food source of meat and/or game, as well as transportation for trade. The Mediterranean Sea gave them another transportation source and food source. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Map and Geography

This is an ancient mural of the Anthshortison royal palace. This is another example of their borrowed culture from China. They took their architecture along with them when they defected and rebelled. This palace is named after a Roman man who was well-known throughout the nation. He was one of the Kings closest friends. David Short helped design this palace from his knowledge of their style of homes. Notice the red buildings, The sloped and tiled roofs, as well as the sheer size of the area. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Cities

Anthshortison was years ahead of the other nations when it came to technology. This is evident from the way they crafted their weapons. This artifact is an example of their fine sword smiths. While the Chinese were still barely discovering this way of forging a sword the Anthshortisons had expounded on it and mastered it. They layered different sets of metal on top of each other and then pounded it into a sword. This drastically increased the strengths of their weapons. Return to Exhibit Anthshortison Technology

The Roman Coliseum is an architectural masterpiece. It was a center of entertainment, and death. The Coliseum was used as a way to keep the citizens of Rome happy. Rome knew that happy citizens led to a country in good balance. This is simply one example of such a thing. It was a scene of fighting almost all of the time. Gladiators fought things ranging from lions to other gladiators. Return to Exhibit Roman Cities

The job of a Roman Gladiator was a harsh job. It was fraught with danger obviously from what the job entails as a fighter. This job did not have many men. It took a large amount of both time and money to actually train a gladiator. Not to mention not many people were willing to die in a fighting ring. The Gladiators were certainly skilled with what they did however. They fought for glory, respect, and the happiness of the crowd watching. Return to Exhibit Roman Job Specialization

Roman and Greek religions are some of the most well-known and studied mythologies today. They are closely related when it comes to the Gods themselves. Romes religion was polytheistic. This means they believed in multiple gods. This statue is an artifact of Apollo. He was the god of the sun, light, healing, music, and many more things.. Rome had many other gods such as Ares, Pluto, and Neptune. Return to Exhibit Roman Religion

Rome had a unique way of record keeping. While today many languages like Chinese, English, Spanish, and French have a similar number system the Roman system is very different from anything we might find today. It is based off of the letters/symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The combinations of these symbols led to the number itself. For example IXX would be 20. If the smaller numbers are before a larger one you subtract them from the larger one. And vice-versa if you have the smaller numbers after the larger ones you add them to the larger one. Return to Exhibit Roman Record Keeping

The roman empire encompassed an enormous territory even by todays standards as seen by this map. Although it isnt seen on this map Rome was also known for their roads that carved all throughout the land and geography. Rome depended on these roads for travel, trade, and simply people. Rome was also based around the Mediterranean Sea for good reason. The Mediterranean is a literal plethora of resources because of everything it houses inside its waters. It is a way of trade, transportation, food, militaristic purposes, and tourism. No matter where you go people always use the Earth for our basest needs. Return to Exhibit Romes Map and Geography

Rome came to power because of its exemplary military might. During their time of reign its soldiers were literally unmatched. It is no wonder. The weapons and armor that they had were ingenious. While they preferred not to resort to their swords they certainly used them to their fullest. Roman swords were what was included in their names short swords. They were intended purely for close- quarters fighting. The soldiers mainly depended on spears and their brute force with their shields before resorting to a sword. Return to Exhibit Roman Technology

Linked citation goes here Text goes here. Return to Exhibit Back Wall Artifact

This artifact is an ancient Greek acting mask. Like the Romans the Greek made sure that their people were happy. Plays normally came in three main types in the Greek empire: Drama, tragedy, and comedies. Each was special in their own right and helped create all that we have today in the theatre aspect. In ancient Greece women were not respected at all. They were not even allowed to see plays or major events. Thus being, men even played the womens roles. They put on a mask made to look like a woman and went to work. Return to Exhibit Greek Job Specialization

Ancient Greece was made up of many city-states. Some of these are Athens, Sparta, and Corinth. Although many of these city-states warred and bickered they still united as Greece in times of great stress. This mural of the Acropolis is in Athens. This was and is the capitol of Greece. Athens was one of the greatest city-states and was known for its place as a city of learning as well as commerce. The ancient Greek religion was very prominent during this time of Athens and the city was well-enriched in it. The Acropolis is an example of this for it is a temple. Return to Exhibit Greek Cities

Greek had a writing style that has stood the test of time and exists down to this very day. It exists of 24 different letters such as alpha, beta, and gamma. These are the first 3 letters in the Greek alphabet and are the equivalent to our letters A, B, and C. Greece had many places of learning and colleges. This writing was taught their. This writing was used for generally anything they would need to take notes for. Return to Exhibit Greek Record Keeping

Surrounded by the Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean, and the Ionian Sea Greece had a virtually endless supply of resources that the water could give them. While many people think of the advantages that water can give nations materially they dont think of the tactical advantages in naval battles. Near the Spartan Battle of Thermopylae a naval battle was taking place to keep the Persians from attacking the lone Spartan army even harder. This was known as the Battle of Arrtemisium. Return to Exhibit Greeces Map and Geography

Greek mythology is famous throughout the world for its complexity, beauty, and sheer mass of beliefs. This artifact is a statue of the God Zeus. He was the God of the Sky and Thunder. He was known for carrying a literal lightning bolt as a weapon. Greek religion is polytheistic, this means they believed in multiple gods. The Greeks had gods for everything from music to drinking and wine. The God of music is Apollo and the God of wine and drinking is Dionysus. Greek religion has continued to fascinate people for centuries and will more-than- likely do so in the future as well. Return to Exhibit Greek Religion

Greece was a world power in its prime years. It achieved such strength through not only its cunning and manipulation of the world but the pure power of its army. Greece has created some of the finest warriors ever to grace this planet. Take the example of the Spartans. They literally trained their entire lives to be soldiers. In turn with having good soldiers they had good weapons. Like Rome they tended not to rely on their swords too much. They preferred to use their finely engineered spears. These spears consisted of a wooden shaft and a hardened iron tip. These if used properly could deal a large amount of damage because of its sharpness and the skill of the forger. Return to Exhibit Greek Technology

To the ancient Egyptians religion was a large part of their lives. It was a very important part of them. It was largely based off of tradition handed down throughout their lives. For example that of Pharaoh: the Pharaoh was considered a god to them. Everything he said was absolute and lawful. This is considered divine kingship. Meaning that whoever the king is, he is the equivalent of god. Return to Exhibit Egypts Religion

The job specialization used in the artifact is a scribe. Scribes were more or less note-takers for the leaders and other high-ranking officials. Literacy back then like many other civilizations was very rare, this meaning that most scribes came from wealthy families. They learned their literacy in a place called the Edubba it means Tablet House. They used clay tablets and pressed into them to write. This left indentations to read. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Job Specialization

These tools are wood-working tools. Strangely enough, the techniques used by todays craftsmen were used back then by Egypt and other civilizations. Since they didnt have the advanced forges and major companies like we do today one of the resources they did have was wood. Once again, like today there is plenty of it. Egypts other technology included things like war chariots that they built after seeing another nations and the basic tools of today like ramps and levers that they used to build the pyramids. Return to Exhibit Egypts Technology

The ancient Mesopotamians created a government that was combination of monarchy and democracy. Kings ruled the people. Meanwhile, elected officials who served in the assembly also ruled the people. Even Kings had to ask the assembly for permission to do certain things. Return to Exhibit Mesopotamias Government

During this civilizations reign they had two main religions that they used that are still practiced in this region today. Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism is a polytheistic religion that believes in many, many gods. You essentially pick a god to serve and that is the one you believe in and practice for. Buddhism is a monotheistic religion that believes in one god. This involves the worship of Buddha. Depending on how you worship him it can bring you things from good luck and fortune to a terrible life. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Religion

Text goes here. The city was based on an ideal of family. Family is one of the most important and sacred institutions. Ironically, even though they put so much focus on the importance of a good family it was a patriarchal society. This means that males held almost all of the power in the city itself. Women had little to no power in the society itself. The cities were based on a feudalism and were each ruled by 1 Warlord. These Warlords in turn were under the King who ruled over all. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Cities

The Indus people were advanced when compared to other civilizations when it came to technology. They even developed the first precise measuring and weighing system. They, like the Egyptians, created large irrigation ditches for agriculture. This was where the large part of their technology was focused. They also developed things like boats and carts as seen in the artifact. Return to Exhibit Indus River Valley Technology

Their technology was dependent on metallurgy. Meaning they used different earth metals to form everything they needed form farming tools like hoes or shovels to weapons of war. The prevalent metal used was iron which was renounced for its strength. They also built a road that was used to trade and the economy. It was called the Silk road. People traveled on this road to reach wherever they were going to. This boosted their economy since they were surrounded by mountains which hindered their trade system. Return to Exhibit Chinese River Valley Technology

Documents

Museum Entrance Egypt Mesopotamia Chinese River Indus River The Museum of Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations Greece Utopia Curators Welcome Rome