Muscular systemMuscular system

Types of the muscleTypes of the muscle

Skeletal:striated, and voluntary.Skeletal:striated, and voluntary. Smooth:nonstiated, and involuntary.Smooth:nonstiated, and involuntary. Cardiac:striated, and involuntary.Cardiac:striated, and involuntary.

Types of connective tissues Types of connective tissues wrappings of skeletal musclewrappings of skeletal muscle

Endomysium : a delicate connective tissue Endomysium : a delicate connective tissue sheath surrounds muscle fibre.sheath surrounds muscle fibre.

Perimysium : a coarser fibrous membrane Perimysium : a coarser fibrous membrane surrounds several sheathed muscle fibers to surrounds several sheathed muscle fibers to form bundle of fibers called a fascicle.form bundle of fibers called a fascicle.

Epimysium : a tougher overcoat of Epimysium : a tougher overcoat of connective tissue surrounds many fascicles.connective tissue surrounds many fascicles.

The epimysia blend into the strong, cord- The epimysia blend into the strong, cord- like tendons, or into sheet-like aponeurosis.like tendons, or into sheet-like aponeurosis.

Function:attaching the muscle to bone….Function:attaching the muscle to bone….

Providing durability Providing durability

Conserving space Conserving space

Muscle functionMuscle function

Providing movementProviding movement Maintaining postureMaintaining posture Stabilizing joint Stabilizing joint Generating heatGenerating heat

Origin : is the point where the muscle is Origin : is the point where the muscle is attached to immovable or less movable attached to immovable or less movable bone.bone.

Insertion : is the point where the muscle Insertion : is the point where the muscle attached to movable bone.attached to movable bone.

Prime mover : the muscle that has the major Prime mover : the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement.responsibility for causing a movement.

Antagonist : the muscle that reverse a Antagonist : the muscle that reverse a movement.movement.

Naming Skeletal musclesNaming Skeletal muscles

Direction of the muscle fibers Direction of the muscle fibers Relative size of the muscleRelative size of the muscle Location of the muscleLocation of the muscle Number of the originNumber of the origin Location of the muscle’s origin and Location of the muscle’s origin and

insertioninsertion Shape of the muscleShape of the muscle Action of the muscleAction of the muscle

Types of body movementsTypes of body movements

Flexion &extension:Flexion &extension:

movement in sagittal planemovement in sagittal plane

Rotation:Rotation:

It is the movement of a bone around its It is the movement of a bone around its long axislong axis

atlas around the dens of axisatlas around the dens of axis

Abduction &adduction:Abduction &adduction:

moving the limb away or toward the moving the limb away or toward the midline of the bodymidline of the body

Circumduction : Circumduction :

is a combination ofis a combination of

flexion, extension, abduction and flexion, extension, abduction and adductionadduction

Special movementSpecial movement

Dosiflexion&planter flexionDosiflexion&planter flexion Inversion and eversionInversion and eversion Supination and pronation Supination and pronation oppositionopposition

Head musclesHead muscles

Facial MusclesFacial Muscles (Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi (Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris, Buccinator,Zygomaticus) .Orbicularis oris, Buccinator,Zygomaticus) .

Chewing MuscleChewing Muscle (Buccinator,Masseter, (Buccinator,Masseter, Temporalis).Temporalis).

Facial musclesFacial muscles

Frontalis :Frontalis :

It raise the eyebrowsIt raise the eyebrows

It wrinkle the foreheadIt wrinkle the forehead

Orbicularis oculi :Orbicularis oculi :

It closes the eyes, blink.It closes the eyes, blink.

Orbicularis oris:Orbicularis oris: It closes the mouth It closes the mouth

Buccinator :Buccinator : It flatten the cheek. It flatten the cheek.

Chewing Muscle Chewing Muscle

BuccinatorBuccinator Masseter :Masseter :

It closes the jaw by elevating the mandibleIt closes the jaw by elevating the mandible Temporalis:Temporalis:

It is synergist of the masseter in closing the It is synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw.jaw.

Neck musclesNeck muscles

Sternocleidomastoid : it is a paired muscles Sternocleidomastoid : it is a paired muscles with two headed muscles, one from each with two headed muscles, one from each side of the neck.side of the neck.

platysmaplatysma

Trunk musclesTrunk muscles

Anterior musclesAnterior muscles Muscles of the abdominal wallMuscles of the abdominal wall Posterior muscles Posterior muscles

Anterior muscles : Anterior muscles :

Pectoralis majorPectoralis major : a large fan shaped : a large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest. muscle covering the upper part of the chest. It adduct and flex the arm. It adduct and flex the arm.

Intercostal muscles:Intercostal muscles:

External intercostalExternal intercostal

Internal intercostalInternal intercostal

innermost intercostalinnermost intercostal

Muscles of the abdominal wall : Muscles of the abdominal wall :

Rectus abdominisRectus abdominis

External oblique External oblique

Internal obliqueInternal oblique

Transversus abdominisTransversus abdominis

Posterior muscles : Posterior muscles :

Trapezius Trapezius : It is the most superficial : It is the most superficial muscles of posterior neck and upper trunk. muscles of posterior neck and upper trunk. It extend the head &antagonist It extend the head &antagonist sternocleidomastoid.sternocleidomastoid.

Latissmus Dorsi:Latissmus Dorsi:

Large, flat muscle pair that cover the lower back.Large, flat muscle pair that cover the lower back.

Extends and adducts the humerus.Extends and adducts the humerus.

Erector spinae:Erector spinae:

Deep muscles of the back.It extend the back.Deep muscles of the back.It extend the back.

DetoidDetoid

Favorite injectionFavorite injection

Prime movers of arm abduction. Prime movers of arm abduction.

Muscle of the upper limbMuscle of the upper limb

The first group include muscles that arise The first group include muscles that arise from the shoulder girdle and cross the from the shoulder girdle and cross the shoulder joint to insert into the humerus shoulder joint to insert into the humerus (pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and (pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid).deltoid).

The second group causes movement at the The second group causes movement at the elbow joint (Biceps elbow joint (Biceps brachii,brachialis,brachioradialis, and brachii,brachialis,brachioradialis, and triceps brachii)triceps brachii)

The third group causes movement at the The third group causes movement at the wrist joint (flexor carpi and flexor wrist joint (flexor carpi and flexor digitorum)digitorum)

(extensor carpi and extensor digitorum) (extensor carpi and extensor digitorum)

Muscles of lower limbMuscles of lower limb

Muscles causing movement at the hip jointMuscles causing movement at the hip joint Muscles causing movement at the knee Muscles causing movement at the knee

jointjoint Muscles causing movement at the ankle and Muscles causing movement at the ankle and

foot jointfoot joint

Muscles causing movement at the hip joint Muscles causing movement at the hip joint (gluteus maximus,gluteus (gluteus maximus,gluteus medius,illiopsoas ,adductor muscles)medius,illiopsoas ,adductor muscles)

Muscles causing movement at the knee Muscles causing movement at the knee joint (hamstring group,sartorius ,quadriceps joint (hamstring group,sartorius ,quadriceps group)group)

Muscles causing movement at the ankle and Muscles causing movement at the ankle and foot joint (tibialis anterior,extensor foot joint (tibialis anterior,extensor digitorum longus,fibularis digitorum longus,fibularis muscles,gastrocnemius,soles)muscles,gastrocnemius,soles)