[ ] Notes Outline

Muscular Physiology

I. Types of Muscles

a.

b.

c.

II. Functions of Skeletal Muscle

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

III. Unique Structures of Skeletal Muscle Cells (Fibers)

a. Size

b. Nuclei

c. Ability to divide

d. Composition

1

[ ] Notes Outline

IV. Connective Tissues

a. Epimysium –

b. Perimysium –

i. Fascicle –

c. Endomysium –

d. Diagrams

2

[ ] Notes Outline

3

[ ] Notes Outline

V. Muscle Fiber Structures

a. Sarcolemma –

b. Sarcoplasm –

c. T-Tubules –

d. Myofibrils –

i. Actin –

ii. Myosin –

e. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum –

VI. Muscle Fiber Anatomy

4

[ ] Notes Outline

VII. Muscle Fiber Contraction

a. Motor Neuron –

b. Acetylcholine –

c. T-Tubules –

d. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum –

e. Actin –

f. Myosin –

VIII. Sarcomere at Rest

5

[ ] Notes Outline

IX. Sarcomere During Contraction

X. Changes in Muscle During Contraction

XI. Twitcha. Stimulus –

b. Latent Period –

c. Contraction Phase –

d. Relaxation Phase –

e. Summation –

f. Incomplete Tetanus –

g. Complete Tetanus -

6

[ ] Notes Outline

XII. Factors That Influence Muscle Contraction Duration

a. Neuron Stimulus

b. Electrolytes

c. ATP

i. ATP Chemical Reaction

XIII. ATP During Rest

a. Energy Input

b. Cell Respiration

i. Glycolysis

ii. Reactions in Mitochondria

7

[ ] Notes Outline

c. Creatine

d. Glycogen

XIV. ATP During Moderate Activity

a. Sources of ATP

b. Requirements for maintaining activity

XV. ATP During Intense Activity

a. Oxygen Deficiency

b. Glycolysis

8

[ ] Notes Outline

XVI. Fatigue

a. Definition

b. Causes

XVII. Rigor Mortis

a. Cause

b. How it Ends

XVIII. Muscle Fibers

a. Fast-Twitch

b. Slow-Twitch

c. Example: Chicken Meat

9

[ ] Notes Outline

XIX. Physical Conditioning

a. Aerobic Exercise

b. Anaerobic Exercise

c. Anabolic Steroids

i. Testicular Atropy

d. Synthol

XX. Muscular System Disorders

a. Polio

b. Tetanus

c. Botulism

d. Muscular Dystrophy

e. Curare

10

[ ] Notes Outline

Muscle Anatomy

I. Attachment Points

a. Origin

b. Insertion

II. Muscle Movements

a. Flexion

b. Extension

c. Hyperflexion / Hyperextension

d. Abduction

e. Adduction

f. Elevation

g. Depression

h. Rotation

III. Muscle Naming

a. Direction

b. Size

c. Location

11

[ ] Notes Outline

d. Number of origins

e. Location of origin / insertion

f. Shape

g. Action

12

[ ] Notes Outline

IV. Head and Neck Muscles

a. Frontalis

b. Masseter

c. Temporalis

d. Buccinator

e. Orbicularis oculi

f. Orbicularis oris

g. Zygomaticus

h. Sternocleidomastoid

V. Anterior Trunk Muscles

a. Pectoralis Major

b. Rectus abdominis

c. External oblique

d. Internal oblique

e. Transversus abdominis

13

[ ] Notes Outline

VI. Posterior Trunk Muscles

a. Trapezius

b. Latissimus dorsi

c. Deltoid

VII. Arm Muscles

a. Biceps Brachii –

14

[ ] Notes Outline

VIII. Posterior Leg Muscles

a. Gluteus maximus

b. Gluteus medius

c. Biceps femoris

d. Semitendinosus

e. Semimembranosus

f. Gastrocnemius

g. Soleus

IX. Anterior Leg Muscles

a. Sartorius

b. Rectus femoris

c. Vastus medialis

d. Vastus lateralis

e. Vastus intermedialis

f. Tibialis anterior

g. Fibularis

15

[ ] Notes Outline

X. Anterior Muscles

16

[ ] Notes Outline

XI. Posterior Muscles

17