Muscular system

Level 3

FACTS

Your Body has over 600 muscles

Muscle contracts to move bones and body parts

Muscle makes up approx half your body weight

Three different types of Muscle

Three types of Muscle

• Heart (cardiac) Muscle

• Involuntary Muscle

• Voluntary

Structure and function of these muscle tissues are very different and controlled by very different methods

Heart/Cardiac Muscle

• Built in Pacemaker – Sino-atrial node• Heartbeat is involuntary• Influenced by many factors – Such as?

These factors changethe nervous system and the hormones that are released

Involuntary (Smooth) Muscle

• Found in visceral organs

(Hollow organs)

• Name three Locations where you would find Smooth muscle?

Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle

• Attached to the skeleton

• Provides Movement and Stability

• Striated in appearance

Tudur Morris !!

Voluntary (skeletal) MuscleSkeletal muscle

is attached to

bones by

tendons

REMEMBER

Ligaments -Bone to Bone

Tendons – Muscle to Bone

Muscle Structure

Muscle type Muscle Structure

Heart (Cardiac) Striated and Smooth

Involuntary Muscle Smooth

Skeletal Muscle Striated

Muscle Structure

SmoothStriated

Control Mechanisms

Autonomic Nervous System

• Heart (cardiac)• Involuntary

(Smooth)

Central nervous System

• Voluntary (Skeletal)

The Nervous System

Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle

• Made up of thousands of fibres • Inside these fibres – Myofibrils• Within these Myofibrils muscle contraction takes place

Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle

Proteins in myofibrils that cause muscle contraction

• Actin

• Myosin

Activity • You should now be able to complete the following

table

Muscle Type

Muscle Structure

Primary Function of the muscle

Control Mechanism

Location

Muscle Type

Muscle Structure

Primary Function of the muscle

Control Mechanism

Location

Heart Striated and Smooth

Pumping of heart

Hearts automatic nervous system and the ANS

In the heart

Involuntary Smooth Vital organs

Autonomic nervous system (unconsciously)

Blood vessels and Visceral organs

Skeletal Striated Movement of the body

CNS (consciously)

Attached to bones

Muscles of the Body

Trapezius

Teres Major

Teres Minor

Infraspinatous

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Rectus Abdominus

External Oblique

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Biceps BrachiiFlexors

Extensors

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus

GastrocnemiusSoleus

Rectus FemorisVastus Medialis

Sartorius

VastusLateralis

Tibialis Anterior

Latissimus Dorsi

Muscle Facts

Smallest muscle in the body?• Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup, the

small bone that sends vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch (0.13 centimeter) in length.

Largest muscle in the body?• Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle pair that covers

the middle and lower back.Longest muscle in the body?• Sartorius: the straplike muscle that runs diagonally from

the waist down across the front of the thigh to the knee.

Muscle Facts

Strongest muscle in the body?• Gluteus maximus: the muscle pair of the hip that

form most of the flesh of the buttocks.Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?• Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles the

eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts in less than 0.01 second.

Number of muscles used to make a smile?• Seventeen.Number of muscles used to make a frown?• Forty-three.

Test your muscle knowledge

• Click on the link below to see how many muscles you know!!

• Muscle test

Muscle Movement

• Skeletal muscle has vast supply of nerve and blood vessels

• Skeletal muscle is also termed voluntary – requires thought

Tendons• Tough but flexible tissue that

connects muscle to bone

• Skeletal muscle that is responsible for movement during sporting activity – does this by working together with your bones

The white, cord-like structuresare the tendons in your wrist thatmove your fingers

On the Pull!

• Muscles can only pull• During contractions muscle pull on bone to

cause movement• Tendon transmits the force of MC to the

bone• Tendons move with ease as muscles

contracts

Many Factors!!

There are many factors that help produce MC (muscle contraction).

Can you name three?

Nutrition is often overlooked – the muscles contract and relax and these cells need chemical energy to work. We get this from the foods we eat. Carbohydrates are the main fuel provider for muscle contraction. Minerals are also essential.

Antagonistic pairs

Prime mover (agonistic)

• This muscle determines the movement of an action –by Contracting

Antagonistic

• This muscle works with the prime mover but creates an opposing action – by relaxing

Antagonistic pairs – Bicep Curl

Biceps – Prime mover

Triceps – Antagonistic Biceps – Antagonistic

Triceps – Prime Mover

Muscle contraction

Three types

• Isometric

• Concentric

• Eccentric

Isometric Contraction

Muscle stays the same length during Contraction or when the activity is being carried out.

• Name a sport/activity where isometric contraction occurs?

Concentric Contraction

This where the muscle shortens when performing an action

• Name a sport/activity where Concentric contraction occurs?

Eccentric Contraction

Where the muscle lengthens under tension – ends of the muscle move further away during an action

• Name a sport/activity where Eccentric contraction occurs?

Muscle contractions during rugby

Phase of Play

Muscle group

Prime mover

Contraction

Lock after the scrum has engaged

Arms after line out throw

Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball

Phase of Play

Muscle group

Prime mover

Contraction

Lock after the scrum has engaged

QuadsHamstringsGastrocnemius

Quadriceps Isometric

Arms after line out throw

TricepsBiceps

Triceps ConcentricEccentric

Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball

HamstringsQuadriceps

Hamstrings ConcentricEccentric

Muscle Tone

Muscle tissue never really relaxes and is in constant partial contraction – this gives muscle its shape or tone.

Effects of exercise

Activity

• In groups come up with what effects you think that exercise has on the muscular system in the short and long term?

Effects of exercise

Short term

• Increase in blood flow to the muscles exercising – increase demand for O2

• Increase in demand for fuel by the muscles exercising

• Increase in waste products – such as??

Lactic acid, carbon dioxide• Increase in body temperature

Effects of exerciseLong term

• Muscles become bigger and stronger – depending on type of exercise that has been undertaken

6 weeks for changes to be seen – 2 weeks for the changes to be lost if

not maintained

• Size and strength of muscle tissue can increase. This muscle tissue allows for fast movements to be carried out – sprint or power type activities (participation in strength type exercises)

THE END