MUSCULAR SYSTEMParker Andrews

function

Generate force Movement In some ways communicate (physical

expressions)

The ability to use chemical energy to produce force and energy is present in all cells but is a dominate characteristic of muscle cells.

3 Types of muscle tissue

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Single muscle cell is referred to as a muscle fiber

Skeletal and cardiac are group together in the sense that they are both striated. And are both cylindrical

striation

Cardiac and skeletal muscle are called striated because there is thick and thin filaments called myofibrils

The thin part is composed of Actin Troponin and Tropomysoin

Thick part is composed of myosin the gap between the striations is called a

cross bridge This thick and thin pattern repeats it’s self.

One section of this pattern is called a sarcomere

How movement occurs

Contraction (movement) happens through a process called sliding-filament mechanism

The cross bridge attaches to the thin filament and pulls it toward the center of the sarcomere resulting in a contraction

Skeletal muscles

Are Voluntary are used to move the body as well as keep it in

place. Can be replaced by satellite cells that are located

adjacent to major muscles. Satellite cells are basic and undifferentiated that can specialize to replace skeletal muscle but will not function to full strength

Tendons- muscle to bone Ligaments- bone to bone

* the nucleus is located on the outside edge of cell. Why is this?

Smooth muscle

INVOLUNTARY Found in muscles that are involuntarily

controlled by the brain. Broke into two groups… single unit and

multiunit Single unit-whole muscle responds as a

group Multiunit- each cell responds

independently dependant upon nerve frequency

Cardiac muscle

Muscles of the heart Branched rather than cylindrical Is Autorythimatic- holds steady beat

involuntarily Generates own action potential

*what is the gap that the branch crosses between the branches of heart muscle called?

PROBLEM Muscle degeneration is the most

common Result of lack of use or major injury Two main treatments are physical

therapy or a work out program.

Citations

"Interactive Biology, by Leslie Samuel." Interactive Biology by Leslie Samuel. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

Widmaier, E.P.W., Raft, H.R., and Strang, K.T.S. (2008). Wander’s Human Physiology:The Mechianism of body functions. (11ed, pp. 254-279). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education

“Rich Wilkie's Portfolio: Character Design." Rich Wilkie's Portfolio: Character Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

"Mammalian Smooth Muscle Tissue." Olympus Microscopy Resource Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

“Muscle." Muscle. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013. “Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Anatomy of the Microscope - Brightfield

Microscopy Digital Image Gallery - Mammalian Smooth Muscle Tissue." Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Anatomy of the Microscope - Brightfield Microscopy Digital Image Gallery - Mammalian Smooth Muscle Tissue. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

"Illustration of Man Working Out." Illustration Of Man Working Out. Royalty Free Illustration by FeaturePics.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

"Bicep Development for Beginners." Bicep Development for Beginners. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

"Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells." Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.

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