Muscles of the Cranium, Muscles of the Cranium, Face and NeckFace and Neck

(Which Influence Surface Form)(Which Influence Surface Form)

Muscles of the CraniumMuscles of the Cranium

Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius): 1Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius): 1

Muscles of MasticationMuscles of Mastication

Temporalis: 2Temporalis: 2

Masseter: 2Masseter: 2

Muscles of the EyelidMuscles of the Eyelid

Orbicularis Oculi: 2Orbicularis Oculi: 2

Corrugator: 2Corrugator: 2

Levator Palpebrae Superioris: 2Levator Palpebrae Superioris: 2

Muscles of the NoseMuscles of the Nose

Procerus: 1Procerus: 1

Muscles of the MouthMuscles of the MouthOrbicularis Oris: 1Orbicularis Oris: 1

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi: 2Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi: 2

Levator Labii Superioris: 2Levator Labii Superioris: 2

Zygomaticus Minor: 2Zygomaticus Minor: 2

Muscles of the Mouth (cont’d)Muscles of the Mouth (cont’d)

Levator Anguli Oris: 2Levator Anguli Oris: 2

Zygomaticus Major: 2Zygomaticus Major: 2

Buccinator:2Buccinator:2

Risorius: 2Risorius: 2

Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis):2Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis):2

Depressor Labii Inferioris (Quadratus):2Depressor Labii Inferioris (Quadratus):2

Mentalis: 1Mentalis: 1

Muscles of the NeckMuscles of the Neck

Platysma: 2Platysma: 2 Platysmal SulciPlatysmal Sulci

Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM): 2Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM): 2

Digastricus: 2Digastricus: 2

Reference to a PhotographReference to a Photograph

Professional PortraitsProfessional Portraits

SnapshotsSnapshots

Profile ViewProfile View

Three-quarter ViewThree-quarter View

Frontal ViewFrontal View

Inversion of the PhotographInversion of the Photograph

HighlightHighlight

ShadowShadow

Normal LightingNormal Lighting

Directional LightingDirectional Lighting

Flat LightingFlat Lighting

Surface Bones of the CraniumSurface Bones of the Cranium

Occipital: Foramen MagnumOccipital: Foramen Magnum

Parietal: Parietal EminenceParietal: Parietal Eminence

Temporal: SquamaTemporal: Squama

Anatomical Structures for Anatomical Structures for Accurate Location of the EarAccurate Location of the Ear

1)1) external auditory meatusexternal auditory meatus

2)2) zygomatic archzygomatic arch

3)3) mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)

4)4) mastoid processmastoid process

Frontal BoneFrontal Bone

2 portions: vertical and horizontal2 portions: vertical and horizontal

Eminences:Eminences: A) frontal eminences (2)A) frontal eminences (2) B) superciliary arches (2)B) superciliary arches (2) C) glabella (1)C) glabella (1) D) supraorbital margins (2)D) supraorbital margins (2)

Surface Bones of the FaceSurface Bones of the Face

zygomatic bones (2)zygomatic bones (2)

nasal bones (2)nasal bones (2)

maxilla (2): nasal spinemaxilla (2): nasal spine 4 processes: frontal, zygomatic, alveolar4 processes: frontal, zygomatic, alveolar

palatinepalatine

mandible (1): 3 divisionsmandible (1): 3 divisions 1) body1) body 2) ramus2) ramus 3) angle of the mandible3) angle of the mandible

MandibleMandible

Body:Body: 1) alveolar process1) alveolar process 2) mental eminence2) mental eminence 3) incisive fossa3) incisive fossa

Ramus:Ramus: coronoid processcoronoid process condylecondyle

Angle of the MandibleAngle of the Mandible