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MusclesMUSCLE
S
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FGZvFZdVbk (“pick things up”)
What is Muscle for???
• Generate motion• Generate force• Some muscle tissues generate heat
Muscle TypesVoluntary; Response to Somatic Motor Neuron w/ACh (AP), Striated.
Movement of skeleton and skin.(fastest)
Involuntary*; Autonomic, Important for homeostasis, wide variety (6: H. sapiens), Act as integrating centers in response to endocrine system, Not striated.
Lines GI, walls of viscera [stomach, urinary bladder & GI]. (slowest)
Involuntary*, Autonomic, Shares BOTH smooth & skeletal muscle, striated, electrically linked. Under sympathetic, parasympathetic & hormonal control.
Specialized muscle for the heart.(intermediate)
SMOOTH
CARDIAC
SKELETAL
Muscle Types
SKELETAL
SMOOTHCARDIAC
Muscle ArchitectureOrigin: One fixed site of muscle
attachment (proximal)
Insertion: One moving point of muscle attachment (distal)
Antagonist:
Agonist: Prime mover; produces movement & how a *synergist aids in movement.
Opposes movement of particular agonist.
Fixator: Prevents unnecessary movement. (bicep curl=abs)
Neuromuscular Junction
This sliding filament mechanism can only occur when there are sufficient calcium ions (Ca2+) and sufficient ATP is also available.
Slow vs Fast Slow:
Aerobic for continuous movement.
Less likely to fatigue.
Fast:IIa: Anaerobic &
aerobic.
IIb: Anaerobic and fastest contraction of all muscle fibers. Highest
rate of fatigue.
Homology
Check your Standards for Study• 05.02 Describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue. (elasticity, excitability [irritability], extensibility, flexibility) • 05.03 Contrast the general location, microscopic appearance, control, and functions of
the three specific types of muscle tissue. (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) • 05.04 Contrast thick and thin myofilaments. • 05.05 Describe the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction. • 05.06 Describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction. • 05.07 Define the terms “origin” and “insertion.” • 05.08 Explain the role of prime movers (agonists), antagonists, synergists, and fixators.
PROTIENS:1) Actin & Myosin: CONTRACTILE
2) Tropomyosin & Troponin: REGULATORY
3) Titin & Nebulin: ACCESSORY
How do they do that?
VIDEOS• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEgVM3b
zN_Y (arnold)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG1JHW_q2VA&feature=related (contraction)