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•Muscles are contractile organs responsible for
the voluntary and involuntary movements
of animals.
1. Skeletal muscle
- allows for all voluntary movement
- appears to be striated when looked at under a microscope.
2. Cardiac muscle
- controls the involuntary beating of the heart
- appears striated under a microscope.
3. Smooth muscle
- responsible for all other involuntary movement, such as breathing, digestion, peristalsis, blinking, etc.
AmbulationAmbulation
moving from one place to another
Abduction Abduction
moving away from the median plane
AdductionAdduction
moving towards the median plane
FlexionFlexion
moving the distal part of the limb towards the body
ExtensionExtension
moving the distal part of the limb away from the body
All muscles can do is CONTRACT
or RELAX,
so they generally work in pairs.
For any particular action, the muscles involved can be
classified as:
1) Agonist
2) Antagonist
Agonist
prime mover of a joint
Antagonist
opposes movement of the agonist
Example
For elbow flexion,
the agonist is the bicep
the antagonist is the tricep.
Example
For elbow extension,
the agonist is the tricep
the antagonist is the bicep.
Masseter
– superficial muscle of the cheek
Masseter
Trapezius
– superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
– long, superficial, dorsal muscle that attaches the humerus to the
lumbar region of the back
Latissimus dorsi
Abdominal obliques
– large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs
External abdominal oblique
Gluteals
– large muscle of the upper hindquarters
Gluteals
Biceps femoris
– lateral superficial muscle, one of three which forms the
“hamstrings”
Biceps femoris
Biceps brachii
– primary flexor of the elbow joint
Triceps brachii
– primary extensor of theelbow joint
Triceps brachii
Pectorals
– primary adductors of the forelimbs
Pectorals
Serratus ventralis
– attaches forelimb to trunk(no collarbone!)
Brachiocephalicus
Deltoid
Intercostal
Semitendinous
Gastrocnemius