Muscle Origins, Insertions, Actions, And Interventions

Back Muscles Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Levator Scapulae Transverse Process of C1-C4 Elevation

Medial Border of Scapula Retraction

Splenius Capitis

SCM Mastoid Process

Anterior Scalene Transverse Process of C4-C6 Cervical flexion

Middle Scalene Transverse Process of C2-C6

Posterior Scalene Transverse Process of C2-C7

Nuchal Line, Ext. occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous process of T7-12

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of

scapula

Upper: Elevation Middle: Retraction

Lower: Depression Upper & Lower: Int Rot

Spinal Accessory (CN XI) and Cervical Nerves (C3-

C4)

Spinous Processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac

crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Bicipital Groove of humerus

Extends, adducts, and internally rotates UE

Thoracodorsal Nerve

(C6-C8)

Superior part of Medial Border (Superior Angle)

Dorsal Scapular (C5) and Cervical Nerves

(C3-C4)

Rhomboid minor and major

Minor: Nuchal Ligament and spinous processes of C7 & T1

Major: spinous processes of T2-T5

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5)

Nuchal Ligament and spinous processes of C7-T4

Mastoid Process and Lateral 1/3 of superior

nuchal line

Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion and rotation

Bilateral: extension of head and neck

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Sternal head: manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: sup. Med. 1/3 of clavicle

Unilateral: ipsilaterally flexes neck & rotates sup. Toward opposite side Bilateral:cervical flexion

Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

1st Rib C-spine nerves (C4-C6)

1st Rib Lateral Flexion; elevate 1st rib

Anterior Rami of cervical spinal nerves

2nd Rib Lateral Flexion; elevate 2nd rib

Anterior Rami (C4-C8)

Longus Colli

Longus Capitis Basilar part of occipital bone Flexes neck

Longissimus Transverse Process of T1-T5

Semispinalis Transverse Process of C4-T5

Rotatores Transverse Processes Junction of Lamina

Splenius

Anterior tubercle of C1 vertebra (atlas); bodies of C1-C3 and

transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

Bodies of C5-T3 vertebrae; transverse processes of C3-C5

vertebrae

Unilateral: rotation to opposite side Bilateral:

Flexes neck Anterior rami of C2-C6

Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes Anterior rami of C1-C3

Capitis: posterior mastoid process Cervicis:

transverse processes of C2-C6

Extend Vertebral Column Capitis: turns face

ipsilaterally


Capitis: Superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Cervicis: spinous processes of cervical

vertebrae

Unilateral: contralateral rotation Bilateral:

extend head and neck


Multifidus of Cervical Region

Transverse Processes of T1-T3 and Articular Processes of C4-

C7

Spinous Processes of 2-4 segments inferior to

attachment

Stabilizes during local movements


Stabilize, assist with local ext. and rot. movements


Nuchal Ligament and spinous processes of C7-T4

Capitis: Mastoid Process and Lateral 1/3 of superior

nuchal line Cervicis: Transverse processes of C1-T4

Unilateral: Ipsilateral Side Bend

Bilateral: Extension of Head and

Neck


Erector Spinae

Transversospinalis

Elevates Ribs

Spinous Processes of T11-L2 Depresses Ribs

Broad tendon from Iliac Crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior

lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

Illiocostalis (lumborum, thoracis, & cervicis):

superiorly to ribs & cervical transverse processes

Longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, and capitis): superiorly to ribs and

transverse processes in thoracic & cervical regions, & mastoid process Spinalis (thoracis,

cervicis, and capitis): superiorly to spinous

processes in the upper thoracic and to skull

Unilateral: Ipsilateral Side Bend Bilateral: Extension


Semispinalis: arises from thoracic and cervical transverse processes Multifidus: sacrum, ilium, transverse processes of T1-T5 and articular processes

of C4-C7 Rotatores: transverse processes of vertebrae

(thoracic)

Semispinalis: superomedially to occipital

bone and spinous processes in thoracic and

cervical, spans 4-6 segments Multifidus:

superomedially to spinous processes, spans 2-4

segments Rotatores: superomedially

to lamina & transverse processes, spans 1-2

segments

Unilateral: contralateral rotation

Bilateral: Extension, stabilizes during local extension and rotation


Serratus Posterior Superior

Nuchal Ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 2nd - 4th ribs 2nd – 5th intercostal

nerves

Serratus Posterior Inferior 8th - 12th ribs

Anterior Rami and Thoracic spinal nerves

(T9-T12)

Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Pectoralis Major Greater Tubercle

Pectoralis Minor Coracoid Process

Subclavius Clavicle

Deltoid Deltoid Tuberosity

Serratus Anterior Protracts Scapula

Supraspinatus Supraspinous Fossa Greater Tubercle AB-duction

Infraspinatus Infraspinous Fossa Greater Tubercle Exernal Rotation

Teres Minor Lateral Border of Scapula Greater Tubercle Exernal Rotation

Subscapularis Subscapular Fossa Lesser Tubercle Int. Rot. and AD-duction

Teres Major Post. Surface of Inf. Angle Lesser Tubercle Int. Rot. and AD-duction

Biceps Brachii Tuberosity of Radius

Brachialis Distal Half of Humerus Coronoid Process Elbow FlexionCoracobrachialis Coracoid Process Medial Humerus Shoulder Flex. and ADD

Triceps Brachii Olecranon

Chst, Shldr. & Upper Arm

Clavicular: medial clavicle Sternocostal: sternal & costal cartilage

ABs: ext. oblique

AD-ducts and Internally Rotates Humerus

Lateral and Medial Pectoral

(C5-T1)

3rd to 5th Ribs Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly

Medial Pectoral (C8-T1)

1st Rib Anchors and Depresses Clavicle

Nerve to Subclavius (C5-C6)

Clavicle, Acromion, & Spine of Scapula

Anterior: Flex. & Int. Rot. Middle: Abduction Post.: Ext. & Ext. Rot.

Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)

1st to 8th /9th Ribs Ant. Surface of Medial Border of Scapula

Long Thoracic (C5-C7)

Suprascapular (C4-C6)

Suprascapular (C5-C6)

Axillary (C5-C6)

Upper and lower Subscapular

(C5-C7)

Lower Subscapular (C5-C6)

Short: Coracoid Process Long: Supraglenoid

Tubercle

Elbow Flexion and Supinates Forearm

Musculocutaneous (C5-C7)

Musculocutaneous Musculocutaneous

Long Head: Infraglenoid Tubercle Lat. & Med.: Post. Humerus

Elbow Extension; Long Head stabilizes ABD

shoulderRadial

(C6-C8)

Anconeus Lateral Epicondyle Posterior Ulna Assists in Elbow Ext.


Brachioradialis Distal End of Radius Elbow Flexion

Extend and AB-duct hand

Lateral Epicondyle Extend and AB-duct hand

Extensor Digitorum Lateral Epicondyle

Lateral Epicondyle

Supinator Supinates Forearm

Posterior Ulna and Radius

Posterior Radius

Posterior Ulna

Extensor Indicis Posterior Ulna

Radial (C7, C8, T1)

Ext. Muscles of Forearm

Supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

Radial (C5-C7)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Supraepicondylar ridge of humerus 2nd Metacarpal Radial

(C6-C7)Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 3rd Metacarpal Radial

(C7-C8)

Extensor Expansions of Medial 4 digits

Extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints, extends hand

at wrist

Radial (C7-C8)

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extensor Expansions of 5th digits

Extends 5th digit at MCP and IP joints

Radial (C7-C8)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Lateral Epicondyle & Posterior Border of Ulna Base of 5th Metacarpal Extends and AD-ducts

hand at wrist jointRadial

(C7-C8)Lateral Epicondyle and

Supinator Fossa Proximal 3rd of Radius Radial (C7-C8)

AB-ductor Pollicis Longus Base of 1st Metacarpal

AB-ducts thumb and extends it at

carpometacarpal joint

Radial (C7-C8)

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Base of Proximal Phalanx of Thumb

Extends Proximal Phalanx of thumb at MCP joint

Radial (C7-C8)

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at MCP and IP

joints

Radial (C7-C8)

Extensor Expansion of 2nd Digit Extends 2nd Digit Radial

(C7-C8)


Pronator Teres Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Lateral Surface of Radius Pronates Forearm

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Palmaris Longus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Flexes Wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Bases of distal Phalanges

Radius Distal Phalanx of Thumb

Pronator Quadratus Distal Ulna Pronates Forearm

Flex. Muscles of Forearm

Median (C6-C7)

Flexor Carpi Radialis Base of 2nd Metacarpal Flexes Wrist and Abducts

handMedian

(C6-C7)Flexor Retinaculum and

Palmar AponeurosisMedian

(C7-C8)Humeral Head: Medial

Epicondyle Ulnar Head: Olecranon

Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, and 5th Metacarpal

Flexes Wrist and Adducts hand

Ulnar (C7-C8)

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Medial Epicondyle, UCL, coronoid process, Anterior

border of Radius

Middle Phalanges of Medial 4 digits

Flexes PIPs, MCPs, and hand

Median (C7, C8, T1)

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Medial and Anterior Surface of Ulna

Flexes DIPs and assists with wrist flexion

Ulnar and Median (C8-T1)

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexes Phalanges of Thumb

Median (C8-T1)

Distal Anterior Surface of Radius

Median (C8-T1)

Intrensic Hand Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Scaphoid and Trapezium AB-ducts Thumb

Tubercle of Trapezium Flexes Thumb

Opponens Pollicis Tubercle of Trapezium Opposes Thumb

AD-ductor Pollicis Proximal Phalanx AD-ducts Thumb

Pisiform AB-ducts Digit 5

Hook of Hamate

Hook of Hamate

Lumbricals 1 & 2

Lumbricals 3 & 4

Adjacent sides of 2 Metacarpals AB-ducts digits 2-5

AB-ductor Pollicis Brevis

Lateral Side of Proximal Phalanx

Median (C8-T1)

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Lateral Side of Proximal Phalanx

Median (C8-T1)

1st Metacarpal Median (C8-T1)

Oblique Head: 2nd & 3rd Metacarpals, Capitate, &

Adjacent Carpals Transverse Head: 3rd Metacarpal

Ulnar (C8-T1)

AB-ductor Digiti Minimi

Proximal Phalanx of 5th Digit

Ulnar (C8-T1)

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis 5th Metacarpal Flexes Proximal Phalanx

of Digit 5Ulnar

(C8-T1)Opponens Digiti

Minimi 5th Metacarpal Draws 5th Metacarpal Anteriorly and Rotates it

Ulnar (C8-T1)

Lateral 2 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Lateral Sides of Extensor Expansions of Digits 2-5

Flexes digits @ MCP joints and extends IP joints

Median (C8-T1)

Medial 3 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Lateral Sides of Extensor Expansions of Digits 2-5

Flexes digits @ MCP joints and extends IP joints

Ulnar (C8-T1)

Dorsal Interossei 1-4

Extensor Expansions & Bases of Proximal

Phalanges of digits 2-4

Ulnar (C8-T1)

AD-ducts digits 2, 4, & 5

Abdominals Origin Insertion Action Nerve

External Oblique External surface of 5th-12th ribs Flexes and rotates trunk

Internal Oblique Flexes and rotates trunk

assists with trunk flexion

Rectus Abdominis Xiphoid Process

Palmar Interossei 1-3

Palmar Surface of 2nd , 4th , & 5th Metacarpals

Extensor Expansions & Bases of Proximal

Phalanges of 2, 4, & 5

Ulnar (C8-T1)

Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac

crest

Thoracoabdominal (T7-T11)

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest

Inferior border of 10th-12th ribs and linea alba


Transverse Abdominis

7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac

crest, and inguinal ligament

Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, and pubic

crest


Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Flexes trunk, stabilizes, and controls tilt of pelvis

Thoracoabdominal and Anterior rami

Ant._Upper_LE Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis

Psoas Major Lesser Trochanter Hip Flexion

Psoas Minor Lat. aspect of T12-L1 and IVD Pectineal line Hip Flexion

Iliacus Hip Flexion

Rectus Femoris

Sartorius ASIS Medial Tibia

Vastus Lateralis Extends Knee

Vastus Medialis Extends Knee

Vastus Intermedius Extends Knee

Adductor Brevis Pectineal line Hip ADDuction

Adductor Longus Body of Pubis Linea Aspera of Femur Hip ADDuction

Pectineal line, inf. to lesser trochanter

Hip ADD-uction, flexion, and IR

Femoral Nerve (L2-L3)

Lat. aspect of T12-L5, Transverse processes of

Lumbar Vertebrae

Anterior Rami of L1-L3

Anterior Rami of L1-L2

Iliac Crest, iliac fossa, Ant. Sacro-Iliac Ligament

Tendon of Psoas Major and Lesser Trochanter


AIIS and Ilium superior to acetabulum

Patella and Patellar Lig. To Tibial Tuberosity

Extends Knee; assists in hip flexion and stability


Flexes, AB-ducts, and ER Hip; Flexes Knee


Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera



Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera



Anterior and lateral surface of femur



Body of Pubis and inferior pubic ramus

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)


Adductor Magnus

Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Tibialis Anterior

Fibularis Tertius

Fibularis Brevis Lateral Surface of Fibula

Fibularis Longus Head of Fibula

Inferior Pubic Ramus, Ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity

Gluteal tub., linea aspera, med. supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle of

femur

Hip ADDuction; Adductor part also flexes thigh

ADDuctor part: Obturator Nerve

Hamstring part: Tibial part of Sciatic

(L2-L4)

Ant.&Lat Lower LE

Lateral Condyle and Lateral surface of Tibia

Medial Cuneiform and Base of 1st Metatarsal

Dorsiflexes ankle and assists with Inversion

Deep Fibular (L4-L5)

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Lateral Condyle of Tibia and Interosseous Membrane

Middle and Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5

Extends Digits 2-5 and assists with Dorsiflexion


Extensor Hallucis Longus

Ant. Surface of Fibula and Interosseous Membrane

Distal Phalanx of Great Toe

Extends Great toe and assists with Dorsiflexion


Ant. surface of Fibula and Interosseous membrane Base of 5th Metatarsal Dorsiflexes ankle and

assists with EversionDeep Fibular

(L4-L5)Tuberosity of 5th

MetatarsalEvert foot and assist with

plantarflexionSuperficial Fibular

(L5, S1, and S2)Base of 1st Metatarsal and

medial cuneiformEvert foot and assist with

plantarflexionSuperficial Fibular

(L5, S1, and S2)

Post. Hip Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Gluteus Maximus IT Band

Greater Trochanter Hip ABduction and IR

Gluteus Minimus Ilium Greater Trochanter Hip ABduction and IR

ASIS & Ant. Iliac Crest

Piriformis Greater Trochanter

Superior Gemellus Ischial Spine Greater Trochanter

Obturator Internus Obturator Membrane Greater Trochanter

Inferior Gemellus Ischial Tuberosity Greater Trochanter

Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

Hip Extension and assists in ER

Inferior Gluteal (L5-S2)

Gluteus Medius (Trendelenburg)

External surface of ilium, gluteal lines, and gluteal fascia

Superior Gluteal (L5-S1)


Tensor Fasciae Latae

IT Band that attaches to Lat. Tibial Condyle

Hip AB-duction, IR, and Flexion


Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

ER of Extended Thigh and AB-duction of Flexed

Thigh

Anterior Rami (S1-S2)

ER Extended Thigh and AB-duct Flexed Thigh

Nerve to Obturator Internus; Nerve to

quadratus Femoris (L5-S1)



quadratus Femoris (L5-

S1)




Quadratus Femoris Ischial Tuberosity Quadrate Tubercle External Rotation

Obturator Externus Obturator Foramen Hip External Rotation

Post. Upper LE Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Biceps Femoris

Gracilis Body of Pubis Superior Tibia

Semitendinosus Ischial Tuberosity Superior part of Tibia

Semimembranosus Ischial Tuberosity Medial Condyle of Tibia



Trochanteric fossa of femur


Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity Short Head: Linea Aspera

Head of Fibula; Fibular (Lateral) Collateral

Ligament

Knee Flexion and Internal Rotation; Hip extension

when initiating gait

Long Head: Tibial division of sciatic nerve Short Head: Common

Peroneal (Fibular) division of Sciatic

(L5-S2)

Hip ADDuction, Knee flexion and IR


Knee Flexion and IR; Assists with Hip Ext.; can

extend trunk when hip and knee are flexed

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

(L5-S2)

Knee Flexion and IR; Assists with Hip Ext.; can

extend trunk when hip and knee are flexed

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

(L5-S2)

Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Popliteus Post. Surface of tibia

Gastrocnemius Plantarflexion

Soleus Plantarflexion

Plantaris

Tibialis Posterior

Post.&Med. Lower LE

Lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Unlocks fully extended knee

Tibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Lateral Head: Lateral Femoral Condyle Medial Head:

Posterior surface of Femur

Calcaneus by the Calcaneal Tendon

Tibial Nerve (S1-S2)

Posterior aspect of Head of Fibula



Supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament


Assists in plantarflexion and knee flexion


Interosseous membrane, post. tibia and post. fibula

Navicular tuberosity, cuneiform, cuboid and

bases of metatarsals 2-4

Plantarflexes ankle and inverts foot

Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Post. Surface of Tibia and broad tendon to fibula

base of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes ankle


Flexor Hallucis Longus

Posterior Fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

Base of Distal Phalanx of Great Toe

Flexes great toe at all joints and plantarflexes

ankle


Intrensic Foot Origin Insertion Action Innervation

AB-ductor Hallucis AB-ducts and Flexes

Flexes Digits 2-5

AB-ducts and Flexes

Quadratus Plantae Plantar side of calcaneus

Lumbricals Tendons of FDL

Flexor Hallucis Cuboid and Lateral Cuneiforms

AD-ductor Hallucis

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Tuberosity of calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum, and plantar

aponeurosis

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st

Digit

Medial Plantar (S2-S3)

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Tuberosity of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5


AB-ductor Digiti Minimi

Tuberosity of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th

digit

Lateral Plantar (S2-S3)

Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Assists FDL in flexing Digits 2-5


Medial aspect of extensor expansion

Flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Medial and Lateral Plantar

(S2-S3)

both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit


Base of Metatarsals 2-4 and plantar ligaments of MTP joints

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st

digitAdducts 1st Digit Lateral Plantar

(S2-S3)

Base of 5th Metatarsal Base of Proximal Phalanx of 5th digit

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit


Plantar Interossei (PAD)

Base and Medial side of Metatarsals 3-5

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digits

3-5

AD-ducts digits 3-5 and flexes MTP joints


Dorsal Interossei (DAB)

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

1st : Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2-4: lateral side of

digits 2-4

AB-ducts digits 2-4 and flexes MTP joints


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Muscle Origins, Insertions, Actions, And Interventions