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Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 112/01/2009
C.W. Linac Options(talk not much different from talk at High Intensity Proton
Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09)
Milorad PopovicFNAL
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 212/01/2009
Outline of Talk
•Past, Ideas, Credits •Present•Near Future - Cost•Dream
Just One Man’s Opinion, mostly Fermi centric view
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 312/01/2009
Past, Ideas, Credits •Tesla demonstration of pulsed SC Structure, ~1998, •SNS Design based on SC Technology, late 1999, Y. Cho•Los Alamos ATW, APT, ~1998, D. Chan•Foster Proton Driver, 2002•CEBAF CW Upgrade … •Muon Collider People contributions Nufact05, CW Proton Linac
Linac 2000
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 412/01/2009
Current Thinking (almost)
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 512/01/2009
Front End
•Small Energy Spread -> DC Injector ~1MeV•Poor Capture -> DC 3mA to get out 1mA•Isochronous -> short bunch•~54MHz ~325/6MHz•Single turn Extraction H-, ~100MeV•1T magnetic Field, no problem with H- Striping•Cheap, Compact, Very Efficient ~80%•Working example PSI
Cyclotron Front End
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 612/01/2009
Conventional Front End•Ion Source, H- , DC, < 1mA•LEBT, ~30-50 kV, short•RFQ, 162MHz , < 2.2MeV, DC, warm•MEBT, probably very short
“Low” Energy Linac•Single Spoke, ~10MeV•Double Spoke ~100MeV•Triple Spoke ~400MeV•Beta=0.81 ~1.2GeV•Beta=1, ~2.xGeV•FODO, quads
(Almost) Copy of ICD-2, Nagaitsev, Solyak, Yakovlev, et al
Copy of ICD-1, (Almost) Ostroumov, et al
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 712/01/2009
“High” Energy Linac
•There is ~40m long warm section at 2.x GeV •Kink, ~3 degree between “Low” and “High” Energy Linacs•High Energy Linac directed ~toward DUSEL•Injection at MI10, 5GeV< Injection energy ≤ 8GeV•0.125mA < H- Current < 1mA•-5 Degree <Synchronous Phase < -2 Degree•9 Cell, 9 cavities per Cryo Module•FODO, quads outside
16MV/m < Eacc < 18MV/m
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 812/01/2009
1MW@8GeV example, Cost from 2 to 8GeV•125MeV/Cryo module, 12 meters long•H- 0.125mA -> 16kW/Cryo Module of RF•Cryo Power at 2K 22.5W/cavity ->200W/Cryo module
ICD-2 Cost $M/unit 2-8GeV total $M#of Units
CryoModule 2.3 48 110.4IOT 0.6 48 28.8Tunel(meter) 0.03 576 17.28CryoPlant 11.2 7.5 84This is cost of 800MeV, 0.2 of 56M$ 240.48 TOTAL
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 912/01/2009
Transition at 2.x GeV to High Energy Linac
•There is kink, about 3 degree, and warm transfer line•A Double-Bend Achromat!?( Dipole 2meter, 0.25T)•RF switching for 2.x GeV Experiments, Additional kick from middle quadrupole•Injection of H- to High Energy Linac, (may be line should be isochronous, Buncher?!)•Injection of Muons for NuFactory and Muon Collider
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1012/01/2009
High Energy Linac, PARMILA
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1112/01/2009
Injection & Accumulation125uA current , 1MW@8GeV -> 7.8x1014 , Main Injector can take 1.5x1014 -> total injection time in Recycler ~200msecTo ease Injection, AC Dipole scheme is envisioned, (motivated by misunderstanding Chuck, Muons Inc )
Every 20msec, circulating beam spends 4 msec on foil with H- injected beam
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1212/01/2009
DESY data (last test) - status March 2009
0.0E+00
5.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.5E+10
2.0E+10
2.5E+10
3.0E+10
3.5E+10
0 10 20 30 40
gradient [MV/m]
Q0
Z88 Z93 Z97 Z100 Z101 Z104 Z106 Z107 Z108 Z109 AC115 AC117 Z130 Z131
Z137 AC122 AC124 AC125 AC126 AC127 AC149 AC150 Z132 Z139 Z143
cavity type
F [MHz]
Eacc
[MV/m]
Leff, mm
Ep/Eacc Bp/Eacc mT/(MV/m)
R/Q Ω
G Ω
Q0,2K
109
Q0,4K
109
P2K
[W] P4K [W]
11-cell, β=0.81
1300 16.4 1028 2.41 5 750 228 12.7 n/a 29.92 n/a
9-cell, ILC
1300 18 1038 2 4.26 1036 270 15.0 n/a 22.46 n/a
Room (Hope) for Improvement
Qo (residual resistance) is main cost driverPoorly understood but under active investigation
Slide 13
Example: Dependence on Accelerating Field Gradient (B. Rimmer)
10 15 20 25 300
0.5
1
1.5total cost
no
rmal
ized
co
st
field gradient [MV/m]
capitaloperationtotal
10 15 20 25 300
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8capital cost
no
rmal
ized
co
st
field gradient [MV/m]
tunnellinacRFcryo
10 15 20 25 300
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.410 Yr operating cost
no
rmal
ized
co
st
field gradient [MV/m]
RFcryo
10 15 20 25 300
500
1000
1500tunnel length
len
gth
[m
]
field gradient [MV/m]10 15 20 25 30
200
400
600
800number of cavities
#
field gradient [MV/m]10 15 20 25 30
109
1010
1011
cavity Q0
Q0
field gradient [MV/m]
10 15 20 25 300
5
10
15
20IOT peak power
po
wer
[kW
]
field gradient [MV/m]10 15 20 25 300
5
10
15cryo AC power
po
wer
[M
W]
field gradient [MV/m]10 15 20 25 300
5
10cryo power fractions
po
wer
[M
W]
field gradient [MV/m]
cav. dyn.HOMinput Cstatic
Matthias Liepe, ERL 2009Cornell University, Ithaca New York
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1412/01/2009
•Large scale CW SRF is viable•HEP is not alone, ADS, ERLs and FELs have very similar demands•Cost “optimization” Crucial -
Full multi-variable optimization absolute must, --1.3GHz??
•Why Now-Today?
Conclusions
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1512/01/2009
Frequency Scaling of Cavity Parameters
2~ fRs
fPloss ~
resT
T
s ReKT
GHzfxR
c
8.12
5
)(
)(109
For superconducting Niobium
For superconducting case
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1612/01/2009
H- Source•Triumf has few mA DC source, since 1997•Muons Inc. (Dudnikov) has new Penning Source•Long ~100ns notches,
LEBT
“Low” Energy & Chopping
Single solenoid, two valves, two trims, two laser ports, 60cm long, sharp notching
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1712/01/2009
Ion Source Pulsed Extractor
Doug Moehs
61 mA
0 mA
Beam off
Beam deflection plates are part of a 50 Ohm transmission line.
75% beam extinction in 750 keV line
~2.2 microseconds between notches
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1812/01/2009
Ion Source Pulsed Extractor
Doug Moehs
There is also aprox. 400 ns of beam recovery after the notch is turn off. Tomorrow I will look at T2 which is just before the buncher. Over night the
notch will be turned off. - D. Moehs
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 1912/01/2009
R Tolmin
Laser Striping
750keV H-beamMirror
Switch-Mirror
Laser-Mirror
Light guide, 6x360ns
Linac
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 2012/01/2009
RFQ•Injection Energy can be low, ~20keV (peak current is low)•Final Energy < 2.2MeV (bellow neutron production)•RF 162MHz•Holes for Laser Beam•Warm, Q< few 1000, to have fast Amplitude/Phase Control•Fast Phase change for π/4 as way of chopping
0
2
Q
NO MEBT (Almost) Assumption is that all chopping can be done at extraction from source and usingLaser(s) H- neutralization and RFQ phase shifting.
Jan-08 21 Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 21
->eg-2
Test Facility
Booster-era Beam Transfer Scheme
Rare Kaon Decays
New 200-kW target station that can be upgraded to >2 MW
Jan-08 22 Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 22
Beam Path to 200kW target station in Project X Era
23
Sitting of mu2e, g-2, Kaons, test area, 4GeV Factory
mu2e
g-2
test area factory
Rare Ks
Nufact09-IIT 2307/24/2009
Jan-08 24 Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 24
Path of Beams to 4 GeV Factory in Project XLR8 Era
Neutrino Factory as 1st Step Toward Muon Collider
1GeV H- Linac <1 Structure
7GeV H- Linac =1 Structure
Proton Accumulation,Bunching Ring, 10 bunches
5x14GeV Linac =1, 50Hz
1 GeV ,200MHz Linac
4 GeV ,400MHz DogBone Linac
2-4MW-Target
Capture/Bunching/Cooling
Proton Driver 2-4MW, 5Hz
8GeV H- Beam
H-Striping&ProtonAccumulation
BunchingTargeting
CuptureBunchingCoolingAcceleration
DUSEL
4 or 40GeV -Fact
BunchMergingLinac
80GeVLinac
80GeVLinac
ColliderRing
Muon Collider Stage
WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09 2912/01/2009
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 3012/01/2009
The Carbon foil is 200ugr/cm^2, beam spot is 0.3 cm radius, 1.5x10^14, 5Hz, Linac Current CW125uAmp, 430turns per injection
Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL Dec-09 3112/01/2009