Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan ... PLANS AND POLICIES FOR 2016/07. Bus… · Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan ... the ecological profile

Municipality of Busuanga

ECAN Resource Management Plan

2017-2022

Prepared by

College of Human Ecology1 – Department of Community and

Environmental Resource Planning

University of the Philippines, Los Baños

In partnership with

Municipal Government of Busuanga,

Municipal ECAN Board,

and Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

1 Bautista, Maria Althea; Malolos, Grace Anne; Magyaya, Ariana; Palevino, Mhaolene Leana; and Suarez, Miguel

Alfonso

Page | i


ECAN Resource Management Plan

2017-2022

Prepared by

College of Human Ecology1 – Department of Community and

Environmental Resource Planning

University of the Philippines, Los Baños

In partnership with

Municipal Government of Busuanga,

Municipal ECAN Board,

and Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

1 Bautista, Maria Althea; Malolos, Grace Anne; Magyaya, Arianne; Palevino, Mhaolene Leana; Suarez,

Miguel Alfonso

Page | ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Upon the enactment of the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act,

Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN), “a graded system of protection and

development control over the whole of Palawan”, had served as “framework of municipal

planning” in the province of Palawan; accordingly, SEP law mandates (1) the creation of

an Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) which shall serve as “general physical plan of every

city/municipality” (Section 30) and (2) the “integration/ harmonization” of the EZP with

the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans (MCLWUPs). In lieu of this

endeavour, ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP), basis of “long- term sustainable

management of the municipally- adopted Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN)

Zones”, of one of the municipalities of the province was formulated. Busuanga, a

municipality located at the northernmost part of Palawan, occupying one- third of the

Calamianes Group of Islands, and home to 14 barangays, was chosen as planning site.

In developing the ERMP of the municipality, ecological profiling, integrated threats

analysis, and ECAN planning workshop were conducted. Through these measures, context

of the planning environment were identified, guide to resource management planning was

provided, and a participatory planning process was facilitated. In the conduct of eco-

profiling, primary and secondary data were used; in terms of Integrated Threats Analysis,

(1) Key Informant Interviews, (2) Stocktaking, (3) Participatory Resource Mapping, and

(4) DPSIR Matrix had served as data gathering and data analysis tools; while in ECAN

planning workshop, planning matrices for each ECAN Zones were made- these were

supplemented with information generated from ecological profiling and Integrated Threats

Analysis.

Through ecological profiling of the municipality, existing resources, opportunities

and challenges among five development sectors, environmental, social, economic,

institutional, and infrastructural, were identified and interpreted. Results generated from

the ecological profile of the municipality are as follows; (1) the environment being

distinguished of its relatively dominant brush land area, mountainous and rough

topography, high number of invertebrate species, high endemnicity, vast mangrove cover,

high coral reef cover, high composition of seagrass cover, low number of target reef fishes,

and coastal species, dugong and sea turtle, with high conservation values; (2) the social

sector attributed with 3.856% growth rate, younger population composition, 1.33 % of

dependency ratio, 97.78% literacy rate, 91.84% employment, 69.9% share of community

involved in agriculture, 87% poverty threshold, lacking number of health and police

personnel, high number of recreation and tourism areas; (3) the economic sector comprising

rice, corn, sweet potato, mango, and banana crop production, growing fishing industry of

mariculture, and livelihood opportunities in buho and sawali craft and furniture making;

(4) the infrastructural sector which prioritizes the improvement of barangay roads and

communal water sources, and lastly; (5) the institutional sector which focuses on

development initiatives aimed at capacitating employees, maximizing economic benefits,

Page | iii

and increasing revenue collection, and allocates budget for the development of tourism

sector, improvement of irrigation, domestic water supply, and barangay roads.

Meanwhile, in the conduct of integrated threats analysis across different ECAN

Zones in the Municipality, resources, pressures and existing initiatives (responses)

addressing the latter were identified. Information collected through KII, Stocktaking, and

Participatory Resource Mapping were condensed and presented in the DPSIR Matrix to

understand the nature and current status of these threats. The DPSIR matrix analysis had

emphasized the following concerns:

Drivers and problems existing among municipally-adopted ECAN Zones;

Wildlife poaching, unsustainable agricultural and forest practices (Kaingin farming),

timber poaching, harvesting of Corals, conflicting knowledge regarding MPA, need for

food livelihood, raw materials (for road construction and housing), education, access to

tourism, delivery of services (farm to market), source of water for irrigation, income,

preservation of caves, preservation of IP culture, lobbying of tribal land ownership, need

for funding in CADT

ECAN map validation is found necessary given some spatially located

activities have become inconsistent with current ECAN Zone designation.

Lastly, an ECAN planning workshop was conducted with key representatives of the

LGU for prioritizing and validating of the problems (threats) acknowledged and devising

of respective plans and programs across the different zones in the municipality. In general,

plans and programs proposed (strategies) which shall address these threats include

provision of alternative livelihood support, IEC campaign establishment of

organizations/capacity building, strengthening the implementation of laws, preservation

and conservation, strengthen implementation of laws, monitoring and surveillance, proper

communication, reviewing and updating of plans and requirements for permits,

prioritization and request of sustainable funding, and infrastructure development.

Upon the formulation of ERMP, the practicum team had given the following

recommendations;

PCSD:

- establish a PCSD office in Municipality of Busuanga

- continue conducting Information, Education, and Communication (IEC)

Campaigns regarding ECAN Zones and its processes and execute it at the

barangay level

- integrate ECAN Zoning into the academic sector from elementary to tertiary level

to their curriculum

- include tribal/ ancestral zone and Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in ECAN Map

- add Forest Protected Area for Dugong Protected Management Zone

- marking of core zones

- update the existing ECAN Map of the Municipality of Busuanga and to re-

evaluate the current criteria of the zones

Page | iv

- establish a PCSD office in Municipality of Busuanga

ECANization process:

- including representatives from each barangays of the Municipality in the target

stakeholders for the Key Informant Interview such as barangay captains and

councilors

- include PRM or even re-mapping of the ECAN Zones in the process.

Academe:

- to provide technical assistance, through manpower, to the municipality in

updating their CLUP

- partnering with developmental projects by non-government organizations such as

C3.

LGU and Community Leaders:

- establish Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO)

- establish monitoring team for the protection of the environment specifically for

Marine Protected Areas and for the Sea Cows (Dugong)

- integrate ECAN Zoning, ECAN Zones Management Plan and even Ancestral

Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) to

Comprehensive Land Use and Water Plan (CLWUP), Local Development Plans

(LDP) such as the Annual Investment Plan (AIP) and Comprehensive

Development Plan (CDP),

- stricter implementations of existing plans and laws

- draft resolutions addressed to PCSD and ECAN Board for updating of ECAN

Zones in the municipality

- GPS/GIS training to be administered by MPDO, MAO and MENRO

- coordinate with the DENR in the utilization of idle lands such as the BPR

- strong and active participation and relationship of their LGU with different NGOs

such as the Community Centered Conservation (C3)

- promote local resources (e.g. Handicraft making from Nipa and Bamboo)

- promote Dugong Conservation (e.g. Keychain making)

- engage the private sector specifically resort and beach owners in monitoring

compliance of the business community to ECAN Zoning and spearheading

rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems within their area of concern

Page | v

Acknowledgement

The success of the practicum team in crafting the ECAN Resource Management

Plan of the Municipality of Busuanga and the memorable stay of the group while in the

municipality was made possible by a lot of persons. The team wanted to extend our

appreciation with their contribution and involvement;

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), who have given us the

chance to render assistance to ECAN Resource Management Planning of the Municipality

of Busuanga, thank you! We are grateful of you guiding us and allowing ourselves to be in

the actual work field.

Sir Mark dela Cruz, thank you for all your effort and support to the team! We are

blessed for all the preparations you did for the practicum team’s stay in Barangay Salvacion

and assistance to each step in the formulation of ERMP.

Department of Environment and Resource Planning (DCERP), thank you for

helping us perform the responsibilities asked from us and for consistently motivating the

team as we accomplish these tasks.

Mr Ricardo Sandalo, thank you for being our practicum overall coordinator. Your

persistence in guiding and motivating the practicum teams will always be remembered.

Ma’am Sandy Samantela, thank you for being our supervisor! We are blessed to

have you. Thank you for always encouraging us to do our best.

MPDC Marlo Dagomboy, thank you for assisting the practicum team in the conduct

of ERMP. Thank you for opening the MPDO for the team to be able to print their outputs.

Heads and staff of different offices of the Municipality, we thank you for

entertaining our inquiries and assisting the team in gathering data needed.

Barangay heads and representatives, thank you for your active participation and

commitment! We appreciate your effort and involvement in the conduct of resource

mapping activity and ECAN resource management planning.

C3, the NGO who guided the team during their activities in the Municipality, thank

you. We will always remember all the places you’ve shown us and all the lessons you’ve

taught us.

De Jesus family, who have been very accommodating to the practicum team, thank

you. Thank you for making us feel at home. We will always treasure the bonding with the

kids: Thirdy, Lorraine, Shia, Bonyx, and Ivan.

Ate Leth thank you for being our second mother. Thank you for your kindness to

the practicum team. The sumptuous meriendas you served usand the kuwentuhan we had

will always be treasured. We will always remember the mami, longsilog, embutido, and

toasted garlic you have prepared for us.

Kuya Daniel, we thank you for being our resident driver. Thank you for the patience

during our trips. Thank you for showing us around and making us appreciate the beauty of

Busuanga.

Page | vi

Our family and friends, thank you! If not of your love and support, the team have

not been motivated to do our best while in the practicum.

Most especially God, our Lord and Savior, thank you for your guidance and

blessings to the practicum team. We are gratified to experience the beauty of your creation

and the love we had from our new found friends. We also thank you for supporting us all

throughout our field work and for making such endeavor a successful one!

Page | vii

List of Acronyms

A&D Alienable and Disposable

BHS Barangay Health Station

BPR Busuanga Pasture Reserve

BUB Bottom- Up- Budgeting

C3 Community Centered Conservation

CBFM Community Based Forest Management

CBMS Community Based Monitoring System

CSO Civic Society Organization

CENRO City Environment and Natural Resources Office

DENR Department of Environment of Natural Resources

DILG Department of Interior and Local Government

DOT Department of Tourism

DOH Department of Health

DPSIR Driver, Pressure, State, Impact and Response

DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

DRRMF Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund

ECAN Environmentally Critical Areas Network

ERMP ECAN Resource Management Plan

FLUP Forest Land Use Plan

GF General Fund

IEC Information, Education and Campaign

ILO International Labour Organization

IRA Internal Revenue Allotment

IRR Internal Rate of Return

KII Key Informant Interview

LGU Local Government Unit

LDRRMF Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund

LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team

MAO Municipal Agricultural Office

MDRRMO Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office

MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office

MPA Marine Protected Area

MSWD Municipal Social Welfare Development Office

MTOO Municipal Tourism Operations Office

NGAs Non- Government Agencies

NGO Non-government Organization

PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff

PINSP Police Inspector

PO People’s Organization

PRM Participatory Resource Mapping

PSA Philippine Statistics Authority

QRF Quick Response Fund

RPT Real Property Tax

SEP Strategic Environmental Plan

SEF Special Education Fund

SFR Special Purpose Fund

UPLB University of the Philippines Los Baños

Page | viii

Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ii

Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... v

List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... vii

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. x

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1

A. Significance of SEP and ECAN ...................................................................................... 1

B. Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) and ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) ........ 1

C. Legal Bases of the EZP.................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 2: MUNICIPAL ECOLOGICAL PROFILE ....................................................... 6

A. History .............................................................................................................................. 6

B. Development Sectors ....................................................................................................... 9

1. Geophysical/ Environment Sector ................................................................................. 9

2. Social and Population ................................................................................................ 39

3. Economic .................................................................................................................... 51

4. Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 60

5. Institutional .................................................................................................................. 64

6. Transect Mapping ..................................................................................................... 81

A. Ecological Profiling ....................................................................................................... 86

B. Participatory Resource Mapping ................................................................................. 86

C. Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Framework Analysis .............. 86

D. Participatory ECAN Planning Workshop ................................................................... 87

CHAPTER 4: THE ECAN ZONING STATEGY .................................................................. 87

A. Components of the ECAN Zones ................................................................................. 88

B. Criteria and Parameters in the Delineation of the ECAN Zones .............................. 88

C. Allowable Activities in the ECAN Zones ........................................................................ 92

CHAPTER 5: PARTICIPATORY RESOURCE MAPPING ............................................... 95

A. Terrestrial Core Zone ................................................................................................. 101

B. Terrestrial Resticted Use Zone ................................................................................... 101

C. Terrestrial Controlled Zone ................................................................................... 102

D. Terrestrial Traditional Use Zone ........................................................................... 102

A. Terrestrial Multiple Use Zone .................................................................................... 102

F. Coastal Multiple Use Zone ...................................................................................... 102

G. Coastal Core Zone ................................................................................................... 103

H. ECAN Zone Issues ................................................................................................... 104

Page | ix

CHAPTER 6: Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Analysis ....................... 106

A. DPSIR Matrices ........................................................................................................... 107

CHAPTER 7: ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 122

A. ECAN Zones of Busuanga, Palawan .......................................................................... 122

B. ECAN Zones Management Guidelines ...................................................................... 125

C. ECAN Zones Management Program Formulation .................................................. 130

D. Busanga ECAN Management Program .................................................................... 130

Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed ................................. 131

Output 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved ................................................. 133

Output 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced ............................ 134

CHAPTER 8: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN ............................. 150

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................ 153

ANNEX A: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS ......................................................................... 153

ANNEX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ECAN ................ 154

ANNEX C: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STOCKTAKING OF MUNICIPAL

ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES (for ECAN Zones Management Planning) ......... 158

ANNEX D: RESOURCE AND ECAN OVERLAY RESOURCE MAPS OF THE

BARANGAYS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BUSUANGA ................................................... 161

ANNEX E: OUTPUT OF THE PARTICIPATORY ECAN PLANNING WORKSHOP190

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 204

Page | x

List of Tables

Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as basis in the

formulation of EZP ........................................................................................................... 3

Table 2. List of Barangays and Land Area of Busuanga Municipality. ......................... 11

Table 3. List of Small Island and Islets of Busuanga Municipality ............................... 11

Table 4. Busuanga Municipality Land Cover Classification as of 2006 ........................ 18

Table 5. Busuanga Municipality Sea Cover Classification as of 2006 .......................... 20

Table 6. Percentage of Land Cover of the Barangays in Busuanga, Palawan .............. 21

Table 7. Percentage of Coastal Cover of the Barangays in Municipality of Busuanga . 22

Table 8. Total Forest Cover per barangay of the Municipality of Busuanga, 2006 ....... 25

Table 9. Total percentage of Mangrove Cover per barangay in the Municipality of

Busuanga ......................................................................................................................... 30

Table 10. True and Common Names of Mangrove Species present in the .................... 31

Table 11. Vulnerability to Hazards and Number of Families at Risk per Barangay...... 33

Table 12. Number of Evacuation Centers and Capacity per Barangay in the ................ 34

Table 13. Municipal Breakdown of ECAN Zones ......................................................... 37

Table 14. Actual Number of Population and Estimated Population of Busuanga

Municipality. ................................................................................................................... 39

Table 15. Actual and Projected Population Density of Busuanga Municipality ............ 40

Table 16. Tenural Status by Households in Busuanga, Palawan ................................... 41

Table 17. Computed Dependency Ratio of Busuanga Municipality .............................. 42

Table 18. Distribution and Ratio to Population of Health Personnel ............................. 43

Table 19. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality ................................................................... 43

Table 20. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity.................................................................. 44

Table 21 Malnourishment Levels of Preschool Children by Percent and Total Weights44

Table 22. Literacy Rate of Municipality of Busuanga per Barangay. ............................ 46

Table 23. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate .................................... 46

Table 24. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate .................................... 47

Table 25. Type of Housing Units present in Busuanga, Palawan .................................. 48

Table 26. Sources of Drinking Water............................................................................. 48

Table 27. Types of Garbage Present in Busuanga, Palawan .......................................... 49

Table 28. Employment Rate of Busuanga, Palawan ...................................................... 49

Table 29. Tourist Destinations in the Municipality of Busuanga .................................. 50

Table 30. Recorded Types and Number of Crime in Busuanga, Palawan ..................... 51

Table 31. A table showing the total land area and total agricultural area ...................... 52

Table 32. Rice production per barangay of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan .... 52

Table 33. Corn production in the municipality for the year 2011. ................................. 53

Table 34. Production and top producers of mango, banana, and coconut in the

municipality for 2011. ..................................................................................................... 54

Table 35. A table showing the vegetable production of the municipality in 2011 ........ 54

Table 36. A table showing the cassava production of the municipality in 2011............ 54

Table 37. List of the registered farmer associations in the municipality of Busuanga .. 55

Table 38. Chicken populations in the top three barangays with the highest produce in

2012................................................................................................................................. 56

Page | xi

Table 39. Distribution of carabao, cattle, swine, horse, and goat populations in the

different barangays in 2012. ........................................................................................... 57

Table 40. Fish production in the municipal waters of Busuanga, Palawan. .................. 58

Table 41. List of registered fisherfolk associations in the Municipality of Palawan. .... 58

Table 42. Inventory of Roads in Busuanga .................................................................... 60

Table 43. Inventory of National Bridges by Classification, Location, Length and Type of

Construction in Busuanga, Palawan ............................................................................... 62

Table 44. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015.

......................................................................................................................................... 68

Table 45. Statement of financial performance (General Fund) of the municipality for the

year 2015 (ending from December 31, 2015) ................................................................. 70

Table 46. Special Education Fund as of last Quarter of 2015 ........................................ 70

Table 47. Trust Fund Utilization on government projects, programs or activities;

consolidated report for the 4th Quarter of 2015.............................................................. 71

Table 48. Barangay 20% Development Fund Utilization Report as of the 4th Quarter of

2015 (categorized according to program or provisioning of services). .......................... 73

Table 49. List of Bottom-Up-Budgeting projects approved by LPRAT for the year 2015.

......................................................................................................................................... 77

Table 50. Tally of the number of resolutions/ ordinances passed or enacted in the recent

term of the municipality’s legislative body; categorized according to sector. ............... 78

Table 51. List of Local Government Unit (LGU) officials and ..................................... 78

Table 52. Criteria for delineation of land resources into the different zones. ................ 89

Table 53 Delineation of water resources into the different zones. ................................. 91

Table 54. Allowable Activities in the Terrestrial and Coastal ECAN Zones ................ 93

Table 55. ECAN Matrix showing the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the

zones present in the municipality .................................................................................. 100

Table 56. Identified issues in the ECAN Zones raised in the Participatory Resource

Mapping ........................................................................................................................ 104

Table 57. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Terrestrial) .................................................... 107

Table 58. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Coastal)........................................................ 109

Table 59. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Restricted) .................................................. 110

Table 60. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Controlled) ................................................. 111

Table 61. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Traditional) ................................................ 113

Table 62. DPSIR Matrix of Multiple Use Zone ........................................................... 115

Table 63. DPSIR Matrix of Tribal Zone ...................................................................... 119

Table 64. Component/ Strategy Per ECAN Zone ........................................................ 137

Table 65. Estimated Budget Requirements for ECAN Zoning Implementation and

Related Environmental Management Programs (2017 – 2022) in Thousand Pesos (‘000)

....................................................................................................................................... 141

Table 66. Implementing Organizations and Key Roles ............................................... 144

Table 67. Action Planning Matrix ................................................................................ 190

Table 68. Strategies in addressing the threats to sustainable development .................. 199

Page | xii

List of Figures

Figure 1. Municipal ECAN Zoning Plan harmonized with the C/M CLUP, and integrated

with the ECAN Zoning Plan that shall be utilized in the formulation of PPFP ............... 3

Figure 2. Political Boundary Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ............................. 10

Figure 3. Slope Classes of the Municipality of Busuanga ............................................. 13

Figure 4. Slope Map of the Municipality of Busuanga .................................................. 14

Figure 5. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ............................ 17

Figure 6. Land Cover Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ........................................ 19

Figure 7. Land Use Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ........................................... 24

Figure 8. River Map of the Municipality of Busuanga .................................................. 28

Figure 9. ECAN Map of Busuanga ................................................................................ 36

Figure 10. Busuanga Resource Map showing areas with CADT .................................. 38

Figure 11. Age-Sex Distribution of the Municipality of Busuanga based on 2010 Census

......................................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 12. Road Network Map of Busuanga Municipality ............................................ 61

Figure 13. Organizational Structure of the Municipality of Busuanga ......................... 64

Figure 14. Transect Map of Barangay Bogtong, Busuanga, Palawan ........................... 83

Figure 15. Methodological Framework of Participatory Resource Mapping ................ 95

Figure 16. Resource Map of Busuanga Municipality ..................................................... 97

Figure 17. Busuanga ECAN Resource Overlay Map of Busuanga Municipality .......... 98

Figure 18. Sample Barangay showing the ECAN Overlay Resource Map with threats and

opportunities ................................................................................................................... 99

Figure 19. DPSIR Assessment Framework.................................................................. 106

Figure 20. Logical Framework of Busuanga ECAN Management Program ............... 131

Figure 21. Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong.......................................................... 161

Figure 22. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong ................................ 162

Figure 23. Resource Map of Barangay Buluang .......................................................... 163

Figure 24. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Buluang ................................ 164

Figure 25. Resource Map of Calauit Island ................................................................. 165

Figure 26. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Calauit Island ........................................ 166

Figure 27. Resource Map of Barangay Cheey ............................................................. 167

Figure 28. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Cheey ................................... 168

Figure 29. Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion .................................................... 169

Figure 30. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion .......................... 170

Figure 31. Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ................................................. 171

Figure 32. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ........................ 172

Figure 33. Resource Map of Barangay New Busuanga ............................................... 173

Figure 34. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ........................ 174

Figure 35. Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga................................................. 175

Figure 36. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga ....................... 176

Figure 37 Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan ......................................................... 177

Figure 38. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan ............................... 178

Figure 39. Resource Map of Barangay Quezon ........................................................... 179

Figure 40. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Quezon ................................. 180

Figure 41. Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada .......................................................... 181

Page | xiii

Figure 42. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada ................................. 182

Figure 43. Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion....................................................... 183

Figure 44. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion .............................. 184

Figure 45. Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro ....................................................... 184

Figure 46. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro ............................ 185

Figure 47. Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael ...................................................... 186

Figure 48. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael ............................ 187

Figure 49. Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino ........................................................ 188

Figure 50. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino .............................. 189

Page | 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. Significance of SEP and ECAN

Palawan, though endowed with natural assets, and high number of conservation

areas, is considered as a vulnerable island ecosystem. Given this predicament, the

implementation of Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP Law) for Palawan Act responds to a

timely pursuit of achieving sustainable development in the province. Republic Act No.

7611 or SEP, a “landmark environmental legislation” made effective in 1992, functions as

comprehensive framework guiding the sustainable development approaches of the

province; plans, programs, and projects being formulated and implemented by the local

government of the province and government agencies are mandated to follow the

provisions of this law (Section 4, R.A. 7611 (1992)). It also institutionalizes the

establishment of Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) as its main strategy. In

particular, ECAN serves as “a graded system of protection and development control over

the whole of Palawan”; it encompasses tribal lands, forest, mines, agricultural areas, small

island mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds and the surrounding sea of the province

(Section 7, R.A. 7611 (1992)). Moreover, as stated in Section 7 of the SEP Law, the

following are expected to be satisfied upon the implementation of this core strategy;

(1) Forest conservation and protection through the imposition of total commercial

logging ban in all areas of maximum protection and in such other residential use

zones as the Palawan Council For Sustainable Development (PCSD) as hereinafter

created may provide;

(2) Protection of Watersheds;

(3) Preservation of biological diversity;

(4) Protection of tribal people and the preservation of their culture;

(5) Maintenance of maximum sustainable yield;

(6) Protection of the rare and endangered species and their habitat;

(7) Provision of areas for environmental and ecological research, education, and

training; and

(8) Provision of areas for tourist and recreation.

B. Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) and ECAN Resource Management Plan

(ERMP)

Meanwhile, in implementing the SEP law, ecological zoning was adopted.

Specifically, Section 30 of PCSD Resolution No. 05- 250 specifies the use of “Ecological

Zoning Plan” (EZP) as the general physical plan of the municipality; more than the

adoption of SEP and its core strategy, EZP creates basis for other planning activities

including land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning.

As a management tool, it is expected to serve as “framework for planning” and an

“instrument” for the regulation and control of the use of resources in the Palawan. (Pacific

Consultants International, 2006). Furthermore, since EZP as a whole is a “joint

responsibility” of LGUs and the Council Staff (the administrative body of the SEP Law),

Page | 2

Section 31 of the law orders that this plan has to be crafted and “harmonized” with

Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans (CLWUPs) of Local Government Units

(LGUs).

It is also noted that EZP shall serve as basis of “long- term sustainable management

of the municipally- adopted Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) Zones”

(PCSD Manual of Operations, n.d.). Particularly, the ECAN plan devised and proposed by

the technical working group is divided into four parts namely ecological profiling,

participatory resource mapping, DPSIR analysis, and participatory ECAN planning

workshop. This plan shall serve for resource management planning of the Municipality of

Busuanga, Palawan.

C. Legal Bases of the EZP

Given that the whole province is subject to the SEP Law, plans, programs, and

projects of the province has to be coherent and reflective of the SEP Law. Besides the

inclusion of SEP to the Regional Development Plan of Region IV- A (Section 6, R.A. 7611

(1992)), PCSD, the administrative body of the SEP Law, is also given power and function

to “coordinate with local governments to ensure that the latter’s plans, programs and

projects are aligned with the plans, programs, and policies of the SEP” (Section 19, R.A.

7611 (1992)). Shown below is the figure illustrating the hierarchy of linkages and plans

inclusive of the integration of EZP at the municipal and provincial level.

Page | 3

P ECAN Plan

C/M ECAN Plan

Figure 1. Municipal ECAN Zoning Plan harmonized with the C/M CLUP, and integrated with the

ECAN Zoning Plan that shall be utilized in the formulation of PPFP

Other bases in the formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan (EZP) are shown in the table

below. These include sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as guide in the

EZP.

Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as basis in the formulation of EZP

Sections of PCSD

Resolution No. 05- 250

Provision

Section 25. Preparation of

the ECAN Zoning Plan

The ECAN Board of the LGU with the assistance of

PCSD shall formulate the ECAN Zoning plan (EZP)

after the approval of an ECAN Map. With careful

consideration of factors relevant in planning, the EZP

includes the following;

i. Description of the Area

ii. Goals/Objectives

iii. Zoning Strategy (priorities, methodologies for

marking zone boundaries)

iv. Zone Management (activities, regulatory measures

policy directions)

v. Administration

Page | 4

Sections of PCSD


Provision

vi. Monitoring and Evaluation

vii. Annexes (maps and references)

Section 26. LGU Adoption

of the ECAN Zoning Plan

The ECAN Zoning Plan shall be prepared by the ECAN

Board to be organized or reconstituted in each

municipality/city as provided in Sections 37-39 of these

guidelines. The Plan shall be presented for public

hearing in the respective locality before final adoption

by the Sangguniang Bayan/Panglunsod and

endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for

subsequent approval of the Council through the Council

Staff.

Section 39. Powers and

Functions of the ECAN

Board

The Board is vested with the following powers and

functions:

9. Through the ECAN working teams, undertake the

following:

a. Provide technical support to the LGU in

implementing

the ECAN;

b. Facilitate the flow of activities, documents,

information

and decision-making process related to the efficient

and

effective implementation of the ECAN;

c. Assist in data acquisition, analysis, monitoring and

evaluation of environmental conditions in the light of

SEP and ECAN targets and objectives;

d. Assist PCSD in the conduct of information and

education activities;

e. Facilitate the formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan and

its

harmonization with the Municipal Comprehensive

Land and Water Use Plan; and

f. Other activities in pursuance of sustainable

development objectives.

Chapter III. Harmonization

with the Municipal Land and

Water Use Plans

Section 30. ECAN as Framework for Municipal

Planning. The ECANZoning Plan (EZP) shall serve as

the general physical plan of everymunicipality/city. It

shall be the basis ofother planning activities such as

landuse planning, tourism master planningand resource

management planning asa whole. The Comprehensive

Page | 5

Sections of PCSD


Provision

Land andWater Use Plans of the respectiveLGUs shall

be anchored on the ECANZoning Plan.

Section 31. Integration/Harmonization of ECAN

Zoning Plan with the Municipal Comprehensive Land

and Water Use Plan. The implementation of the ECAN

Zoning Plan which may include policy formulation,

legislation, setting up of permitting system, monitoring

and other related activities, as hereinafter provided,

shall be the joint responsibility of the Local

Government Units and the Council Staff through the

Municipal ECAN Board. To attain this objective, the

Planmay be integrated into or harmonized with the

Municipal Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan.

Page | 6

CHAPTER 2: MUNICIPAL ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

A. History

1. Legend

According to the legend, a small river with a narrow and picturesque bank had

become source of livelihood of men living in Busuanga. Every day, settlers make good

spoils of nature and these have been enough for them. However, one day, a violent storm

made a rampage on the whole island and for five to fourteen days, submerged the place

with heavy rains and strong winds that swept the island. It is believed that this legend was

a real justification of the natural calamitous event occurred that caused the small rivers and

creeks in the island to branch out and unite their flow to one great stream which is now

known as the Busuanga River. Busuanga, from the vernacular word meaning “burst” in

English, is the popular rendition of this event.

2. Formation of Busuanga

Even before the establishment of Busuanga as a municipality in 1951, it had already

acquired “Busuanga” as its name. The actual name was derived from a huge river with an

average width of 100m- it is actually the largest among the rivers in the area. It was believed

that the natives of the municipality named it as such and was then passed on through the

word of mouth.

Spanish Regime: 1600-1898

In 1622, the colonization of Palawan under Count San Augustine reached the island

of Busuanga. A number of Augustinian-Recollect missionaries landed in the eastern coast

of the mainland, converted the inhabitants to Christianity and built church for them together

with the establishment of the Spanish local government in the barrio, known then as

Busuanga the oldest barrio in the municipality.

Later, in 1636, in lieu of defending the barrio from raids (almost occurring every

perennial) and onslaught of Muslim rebels, the Spaniards began fortification with small

muzzle-loading artilleries; more than these constructions, the establishment of a strong

naval station at Puerto Princepe Alfonso, now Balabac, together with the forts of Cuyo,

Taytay, Labao, etc. combined with the powerful Spanish fleets cruising the seas, Muslim

attacks were eventually put to an end. However, in 1898, the intrusion of more democratic

Americans to the island as lobbied by the Treaty of Peace between the United States and

Spain have caused an end to the epidotic Spanish rule.

The American Regime dating back 1901-1914

During the American Military Government ruling in 1904 under Governor Wright,

the whole island of Culion was made into a government reservation. Providing a colony for

lepers and a vast government farm, the island’s jurisdiction and control were eventually

served from the Municipality of Coron.On June 2nd of the same year, some former

inhabitants of Culion were resettled to a place southeastern of the mainland and founded

Page | 7

Concepcion, known then as “Kinamotean”, from the word camote, a root crop growing

abundantly in the place.

Meanwhile, sometime between 1906 and 1911, with Governor Edmund Miller in

office, a number of school buildings were erected in some of the barrios (Salvacion,

Concepcion, Calauit, etc.).

Other important events include the establishment of New Bususanga and discovery

of mining deposits in the island. The founding of New Busuanga, formerly called

“Kanyepet”, is significant. If not of its most controversial creation, a part of which would

still play in the last phase of Busuanga history. Given official recognition by Mayor

Restituto Bacnan in 1937, mainly for religious commitments to the members of the

Evangelical Church, the barrio was directed another official order in that time for its

dissolution. On the other hand, about the year 1938, four or five years before the Second

World War, manganese mine deposits were uncovered in the island. Because of mining,

national road was constructed from Coron to the northern barrios passing through Bintuan

to Concepcion.

World War II through the Liberation: 1941-1949

In 1942, a nondescript barrio in Coron, Busuanga entered the era of war. Because

manganese mines are good sources of precious metals for ammunitions, Japanese men have

occupied Coron, Busuanga. Provoked and with no alternatives, the Busuangenos formed

the Resistance Movement, foremost of which was the daring Bolo Battalion under Ignacio

Libarra.

Meanwhile, in the latter part of the same year, the spreading havoc and massacre

have led to enemies already enjoying their plunder. During these times, members of the

Resistance Movement burned down the semi-permanent school buildings in Busuanga,

Salvacion, Cheey and Calauit, which they fear would be good headquarters for the

Japanese.

On September 24, 1944, however, US bomber planes raided, and several Japanese

ships, among the big tankers, were bombed and sunked off at the Concepcion coast. The

sea became so thick laden with oil from the tankers that it burned furiously and spread out

to nearby mangroves; a bright sea-inferno was created for several days and nights. Whereas

on April 1945, two Japanese Officers coming from the manganese mines were killed in an

ambush. Moreover, within the same month three more enemy soldiers lost their lives in the

hands of the gallant Bolo Battalion. These foreshadowed the doom of Japanese invaders

and signaled the end of war.

Immediately after the war, the US Government built and caused the establishment

of Long Range (LORAN) Transmitting Station on the western coast of Panlaitan. The

Station was manned and maintained by US Coast Guards until 1970. While peacefully

reigning in the island, schools were re-opened and children were sent to school.

Accordingly, the US government gave aids and full support for rehabilitation of the people

from their low economic state.

Thus, Busuanga came out of the ashes of war still recouping. Though wavering

from the moral and economic depression which it suffered in war, it was forced to emerge

into a full-pledge independent municipality.

Page | 8

Foundation: the ABORDO Bill

1950 had been the year of birth of Busuanga as a full pledged municipality. With

13 daughter barrios already settled and populated, it only waited for its promulgation into

an independent municipality.

It was Governor Gaudencio Abordo, then Congressman of Palawan and foremost

of the earliest Palaweño Statesman, who authored and trigged the realization of the

municipality in the session of Congress in 1950. Bill no. 381, sought for the creation of

Busuanga, including all the barrios in its realm, into a municipality. Both houses of

Congress approved the bill without much restraint, and its final approval by the President

of the Philippines was eventually contained and sealed in the Republic of Act No. 560.

On the other hand, New Busuanga, the controverter, once-dissolved barrio founded

by the members of the Evangelical Church, became politically the favored site for the

municipality.

Further, on December 30, 1951, with a temporary “wood and nipa” structure for a

municipal building, Mayor Adriana Custodio, the first town mayor, ruled the first few

months of its founding years up to December 1952.

The Municipal Site Controversy

It was Tiburcio Barracoso, a southerner, of a prominent clan from Salvacion, who

ascended the mayorship by rights and virtue of popular election. His first bold act of

moving the municipal site to Salvacion created the first wave of “locality conflict” between

the southerners and the northerners. Accordingly when a northerner, Antonio Capague,

won the next election in 1955, the municipal site was moved again from Salvacion back to

New Busuanga.

The succeeding mayors however did not cause further migration of the municipal

site since the political tide and atmosphere in the higher level favored New Busuanga; and

there the municipality remained until 1974.

Relocation of the Municipal Site: The MITRA Bill

Concerning the tenure of the late Mayor Antero Hachero from 1968-1971, the

former representative of Palawan, Ramon V. Mitra, Jr. had fought for another bill in the

session of Congress; this time it provided for the proper relocation and immediate transfer

of the municipal site, from New Busuanga to Salvacion.

The bill was approved for various justifiable and sound reasons. Among the many

considerations, it had been a factor that Salvacion possessed a relatively more suitable and

strategic location geographically and more economically developed community. Salvacion

was eyed as the most suited political center for public service and strategic seat of the

municipal government.

For some nebulous reasons, however, the bill had a hard and jolty time getting its

way into the local government. Due to an admixture of conflicting personal and political

interest and motives waged from all directions at once, the bill remained unexecuted in the

local administration concerned.

Page | 9

Consequently, the barrio council of Salvacion filed a case of “Mandamus” with

some municipal councilors against the involved municipal officials. But while serving in

the middle of his tenure, the incumbent mayor, Antero Hachero, died, and the mandamus

case hung like the sword of Damocles upon the would-be successor. Eventually, when

Laureano Custodio won in the 1972 local election, the same fell hair to the mandamus.

This time it was the municipal council who sought the power of the court (CFI) to

issue an order for the execution of the municipality’s transfer to Salvacion against the

indifference of the officials concerned. A little “cold war” almost sprung to the surface

between the people of Salvacion and New Busuanga.

The Final Seat of the Municipal Government

On September 2, 1974 with men acting as pacifier and mediator, between the people

of New Busuanga and Salvacion, the municipality was finally transferred and laid to its

ultimate site. The historic transfer of the municipal site was characterized by clashing

sentiments and convictions by the people and their leaders, both from personal and political

motives and interest that made no little significance to the history of Busuanga.

B. Development Sectors

1. Geophysical/ Environment Sector

1.1.Geographical Location

At the northernmost part of the Province of Palawan, Calamianes group of island is

found. This is composed of five islands namely: Busuanga, Calauit, Coron, Culion and

Linapacan as it corresponds to four major municipalities which are Busuanga, Coron,

Culion and Linapacan. The Municipality of Busuanga is the largest island as it covers 1/3

of Busuanga Island and about 3.8% of Palawan’s total land area. Based from the

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP 2001-2009) of the municipality, the total land area

of the municipality is 52, 748 hectares while according to DENR –CENRO, the total land

area was 53, 051 ha. It is bounded by Mindoro strait on the north, municipality of Coron

on the east, South China Sea on the west and Culion Island on the south. Majority (59%)

of the land area of the Muncipality of Busuanga is comprised of the Calauit Game Preserve

and Wildlife Sanctuary (3,323ha) and the Yulo King Ranch (YKR) (28. 380ha).

1.2.Administrative Boundary

The Municipality of Busuanga is composed of 14 barangays namely: Bogtong,

Buluang, Cheey, Concepcion, Maglalambay, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Panlaitan,

Quezon, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Rafael, Sagrada and Sto. Niño. As shown in Figure 2,

San Isidro, Panlaitan, Maglalambay are island barangays. Meanwhile, as shown in Table 2,

Barangay Cheey has the largest area as it comprises about 32% of total land area of the

municipality. It is followed by Sto. Niño with 11%. Busuanga has also a high number of

Islets which mostly are home for the Indigenous People (Tagbanuas) in the municipality.

Table 3 shows the list of island islets in Busuanga, Palawan.

Page | 10

Figure 2. Political Boundary Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 11

Table 2. List of Barangays and Land Area of Busuanga Municipality.

Barangay Land Area (ha) Percentage of Total Land Area

Bogtong 2,966.84 5.59

Buluang 1,395.84 3.64

Calauit 3,323.59 6.26

Cheey 17,229.63 32.47

Concepcion 1,282,99 2.41

Maglalambay 437.18 0.82

New Busuanga 3,236.45 6.10

New Quezon 1,599.98 3.01

Old Busuanga 2,860.31 5.39

Panlaitan 227.47 0.42

Sagrada 3,722.36 7.01

Salvacion 2,890.09 5.61

San Isidro 448.81 0.84

San Rafael 2,323.83 4.38

Sto. Nino 5995.80 11.30

Other island 1,519. 94 2.86

Total 53, 051.63 100.00 Source: DENR-CENRO, 2016

Table 3. List of Small Island and Islets of Busuanga Municipality

Small Island and Islets Land Area (ha) Percentage of Total Land

Area

Calumboyan Island ND -

Denicolan Island ND -

Diboyayan Island 14.59 0.96

Dicoyan Island 67.89 4.49

Dimipac Island 118.15 7.82

Elet Island 1.40 0.092

Horse Island 47.28 3.12

Kalampisauan Island 15/27 1.01

Lajo Island 283.75 18.78

Malajon Island 77.80 5.15

Malcatop Island 66.04 4.37

Mangueguey Island 10.61 0.70

Manolaba Island 15.48 1.02

Manobeleng Island 30.13 1.99

Napula Island 23.84 1. 57

North Malbinchilao 43.96 2.91

Northwest Rock 1.20 0.07

Pamanlican Island 7.51 0.49

Pass Island 11.82 0.78

Rat Island 1 37.35 2.47

Rat Island 2 107.37 7.10

Salvacion Island 26. 03 1.72

South Cay Island 10.74 0.71 South Malbinchilao Island 13.90 0.92

Page | 12

Small Island and Islets Land Area (ha) Percentage of Total Land

Area

Tanabon Island 12.61 0.83

Tantangon Island 66.61 4.40

West Nalaut Island 57.66 3.81

Other Islands (no names) 289.29 19.15

Total 1,510.64 100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

1.3. Topography

Elevation

The municipality’s western and central portions are predominantly rough and

mountainous with rolling to hilly terrain. A part of this is the Chinabayan Mountain and

Wayan Range that still support extensive parches of Molave forest and Cogon grassland

(features which are dominant in the locale). Chinabayan, also called Sinibayan, is

approximately near to Sinibayan River and the waterfalls found in Barangay New

Busuanga. Chinabayan traverses along Barangay San Rafael and Barangay Sagrada where

forest cover is much more extensive. Meanwhile, the hilly portions of the mountain range

is covered by lowland beach and limestone forest while those that are confined to the sides

of hills following the municipality’s streams and river have thicker forest covers. The

central hills have low elevation (less than 700 meters above sea level) while some have an

elevation reaching more than 500 meters. Also, on the western portion are numerous islets

while on the northern tip is the Calauit Island.

The Salvacion Mountain Range located in Salvacion, the Sinabuyan Mountain

Range between New Busuanga and Cheey, and the Naapac Moutain Range in San Rafael

are among the major mountain ranges of the municipality.

Slope

Due to the mountainous features of the municipality, most of the areas have high

variations of slope composition. Areas more than 50% slope comprise 2% of the

municipality; about 32% represent those areas with more than 18% slope but lesser than

50% slope; while 59% are areas with less than 18% slope. The relatively flat areas are

generally devoted to rice and tree plantations. Areas with slope that ranges from 0-3% can

be used for agricultural and urban development while those slope classes with 3-18% can

be allocated for human settlement expansion.

Page | 13

Figure 3. Slope Classes of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 14

Figure 4. Slope Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 15

1.4. Geology

The whole Busuanga Island belongs to the non-volcanic micro-continental

fragment of the northern Palawan group of islands which includes all areas on- and offshore

north of the Ulugan Bay Fault. Based on geophysical observations, these groups of islands

are believed to be part of the southeastern continental shelf of mainland China before the

Tertiary period (Mid-Oligocene) (particularly during the beginning of the sea-floor

spreading of the South China Sea).

As stated in the Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Report

by the PCSD in 2006, the geology of Busuanga consists of several formations. These

include King Ranch Formation, Liminangcong Formation, Quarternary Alluvium and

Malajon Limestone. The Liminangcong Formation which is distinguished of its bedded

chert is dominant in the municipality while the Quarternary Alluvium which consists of

unconsolidated floodplain deposits accumulated at the foot of the hills can be found in the

low – lying coastal areas and along the river channels of most of the barangays in Busuanga.

On the other hand, Malajon Limestone, typified by creamy to dark gray massive coralline,

marbleized limestone, is commonly found in Elet and Kalapisauan Islands located

northwest of the municipality.

Most of the land formations are karst limestone having silicon dioxide as its major

elements. Limestone distribution over the municipality, however, can only be observed in

few areas such as Barangay Buluang.

1.5. Soils

The soil classification and fertility of lands in the municipality is affected by

climate, rainfall, and its varying elevation. There are six major types of soil in Busuanga

namely: Rough Mountainous Land, Coron Clay Loam, San Miguel Clay Loam, Aborlan

Clay Loam, Busuanga Loam and Hydrosol. Sub-surface textures of these soils can be

classified as either loam to clay loam and sandy clay; these fall under the medium to fine-

textures soils.

The types of soil in the municipality vary on its geographical location. According

to the report of the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, those soils located in the plains,

valleys and plateaus are made up of silt clay loam while those soils located in the area

where it is gently sloping to slightly steep are composed of sandy clay to sandy clay loam.

For coastal plains on the southern part of the municipality, the major type of soil is hydrosol

while in some valley areas, there is rich Busuanga loam. Of these types of soil, silt clay

loam soil, given its properties, makes it suitable for the community to plant their crops and

grow their vegetables.

1.6. Climate

Busuanga has two distinct climate types. It is dry from December to May and rainy

from June to November; the warmest months are March, April, and May while the coldest

are December, January, and February. It has an average yearly rainfall measurement of

2,873.9 mm.

Page | 16

Meanwhile, though Palawan as a whole is outside the typhoon belt, the northern

portion where Busuanga is located experiences persistent gales and torrential rains

especially during the months of July to August.

1.7. Surface Water

Busuanga has 3 mineral springs . It has several river systems as well. The major

ones are as follows:

Busuanga River in Old Busuanga

Binalayan River in Cheey

Dipuyal River in Sto. Niño

Lele River in New Busuanga

Malabnas River in San Rafael

Ditapec River in Calauit

Kiwit River in Sagrada

1.8. Land Resources

Land classification

Figure 5 shows the land classification map of the Municipality of Busuanga in 2006

(in accordance with SEMP- ECAN Zoning Project). It can be seen that majority of the land

is classified as alienable and disposable; dominance of this land classification is primarily

because secondary brushland/ shrub lands are abundant in the area.

On the other side, there are different sources of information indicating the

composition of various land classification of the municipality. Department of Environment

and Natural Resource- CENRO have identified the total municipal land area of Busuanga

with 32, 144 hectares (71.3%) classified as alienable and disposable (A&D) land and 12,

950 hectares (28.7%) of forest land; SEMP-ECAN Zoning Project which formulated a

NAMRIA-land classification map, however, revealed that the A&D land is only about 48%.

On the other hand; while CLUP showed the allocation of municipal land uses with 46%

devoted to brushland and grassland, 39% to forest, 8% for agriculture, and 1% for built-up

areas or only about 392 hectares of the total land area.

Page | 17

Figure 5. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 18

Land Cover

The table below shows the different types of land covers classification, the total

area (in hectares) and percentage in respect with the total land cover of the municipality.

Table 4. Busuanga Municipality Land Cover Classification as of 2006

Land Cover

Classification Area (Hectares)

Percentage of Total Area

for Municipality (%)

Agricultural Areas 1, 773.3 4.2

Brushland 21, 155.0 49.6

Grassland 251.2 0.6

Limestone Forest 4,297. 0 10.9

Primary Forest and

Closed Canopy Forest

101.8 0.2

River 866.8 2.0

Road 324.7 0.1

Secondary Forest 13, 854.1 32.5

Total for Terrestrial 42, 481.6 100 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

The municipality of Busuanga is predominantly covered with brushlands (49.6%)

and secondary forest (32.5%). Though presence of wide areas of brushlands and grassland

indicates past disturbances in the forest ecosystem of the municipality, it had encouraged

pursuing good and healthy environment for conservation and protection and other potential

development approaches. Areas like primary and secondary forest were noted as potential

areas for core zone delineation while areas like brushlands and grasslands were eyed as

areas for road development. In this sense, brushlands and grasslands can have more

productive and sustainable land uses, such as agricultural and industrial uses.

Rehabilitation is further encouraged in these areas.

Page | 19

Figure 6. Land Cover Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 20

Sea Cover

Table 5 shows the sea cover classification of Busuanga, Palawan as of 2006. The

municipality is surrounded by water body (94.9%), making it a good source of livelihood

for the community. Also this can be home for rich biodiversity of marine species such as

corals, dugongs and sea turtles which can be utilized for ecotourism development. Most of

the barangays also have their mangrove cover. Mangroves are home to terrestrial and

marine species and serves a natural barrier to storms, storm surges and other related

disasters.

Table 5. Busuanga Municipality Sea Cover Classification as of 2006

Coastal and Marine

Classification

Area

(Hectares)

Percentage of Total Area

for Municipality (%)

Mangrove Forest

(secondary)

2, 048.4 4.2

Dense Corals 62. 1 0.2

Sand/Rock 235.1 0.5

Sparse Seagrass 21.0 0.04

Dense Seagrass 151.0 0.3

Water body 46,530.0 94.9

Total 49, 047.6 100.0

Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for

Busuanga Municipality, 2006

On the State of the Environment of Palawan, most of the coral reefs in 2004 in the province

including Busuanga Municipality, are classified as fair to poor condition. While the

seagrass with excellent cover has deteriorate from 2.6% in 2004 to 0.8% in 2014.

Consequently, those sited with poor cover has increased from 31.8% in 2004 to 68.7% in

2014.

Page | 21

Table 6. Percentage of Land Cover of the Barangays in Busuanga, Palawan

Barangay Agricultural

Areas

Brushland Built-up

areas

Grassland Limestone

Forest

Primary

Forest

River Roads Secondary

Forest

TOTAL

Bogtong 1.90 47.00 0.2 2.6 - 7.1 - 0.3 4.10 100

Buluang 6.40 68.20 3.3 14 1.5 - - 0.5 6.2 100.00

Calauit 3.4 50.60 0.1 12.2 - - 0 0.9 32.70 100.00

Cheey 4.00 33.00 0.1 15.7 0 1.4 0 0.8 45.00 100.00

Concepcion 1.00 87.80 0.5 3.4 - - 0.2 0.8 6.20 100.00

Maglalambay 0.20 98.70 0.6 0.5 - - - - - 100.00

New

Busuanga

4.70 65.30 0.8 7.8 - 0.2 - 1.4 19.90 100.00

Old Busuanga 8.60 35.20 0.7 0.5 - 2.3 1.5 0.2 51.10 100.00

Panlaitan 0.20 59.40 7.4 - 33 - - - - 100.00

Quezon 6.40 61.80 0.6 23.11 - 0 1.5 0.2 51.10 100.00

Sagrada 4.10 60.30 0.4 6.6 - - 0 0.4 28.10 100.00

Salvacion 3.90 42.00 0.8 0 - 0.1 0.4 0.7 52.00 100.00

San Isidro 0.40 97.80 0.8 1 - - - - - 100.00

San Rafael 1.80 32.00 1.1 0.2 - 18.1 - 0.3 46.50 100.00

Sto. Nino 5.80 73.10 0.5 16.7 - - 0.1 1.2 2.7 100.00

Municipal

Total

4.15 49.56 0.59 10.87 0.24 2.03 0.13

0.76

32.46

100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

Page | 22

Table 7. Percentage of Coastal Cover of the Barangays in Municipality of Busuanga

Barangay Mangrove Forest Corals Sand/Rock Sparse seagrass Dense seagrass Water body Total

Bogtong 1.2 - 0.3 0.1 0.2 98.3 100

Buluang 2.4 - 0.5 - 0.7 96.4 100

Calauit 3.9 - 0.3 0 0.2 85.6 100

Cheey 2.1 0.2 0.2 0 - 97.4 100

Concepcion 9.2 - 1.3 - 2 87.5 100

Maglalambay 29.9 11.9 46.1 1.7 10.4 - 100

New Busuanga 3.6 0.1 0.3 - 0.1 95.9 100

Old Busuanga 6.7 0.1 0.2 - 0.1 92.9 100

Panlaitan - - 84.9 2.3 12.8 0 100

Quezon 35.5 - 3.1 - 1.5 59.9 100

Sagrada 5.4 0.4 0.2 - 0.2 93.8 100

Salvacion 1.1 0.1 - - 0 98.7 100

San Isidro 61.4 - 23.2 - 15.3 - 100

San Rafael 0.7 - - - - - 100

Sto. Nino 9.6 - 0.2 0.3 1 88.9 100 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

Page | 23

1.9. Land Use

Figure 7 shows the different land uses in the Municipality of Busuanga. Accordingly, the

following are noted generalizations concerning various land uses in the municipality:

a. Buluang has the largest area of built-up or urban environment, followed by San Rafael,

New Busuanga & Salvacion. These areas have high percentage of multiple use zones,

particularly Buluang and Salvacion, and are more appropriate for residential and

commercial developments;

b. Old Busuanga has the highest concentration of river channels and a potential source of

irrigation and domestic water as this barangay caters majority of the Busuanga River;

c. Cheey, being the biggest barangay in terms of land area in the municipality has the

largest concentration of road, largest area of grasslands and agriculture lands.;

d. Cheey has the highest concentration of secondary growth forest while San Rafael has

the highest concentration of primary or closed canopy forest and limestone forest;

e. Cheey, Sto. Nino and New Busuanga have the largest concentration of brushlands. Sto.

Nino has the highest concentration of degraded seagrass meadows. Sto. Nino,

Concepcion & Calauit have the highest concentration of dense or intact seagrass

meadows; and

f. Calauit has the highest concentration of secondary mangrove forest followed by Sto.

Nino, Old Busuanga & Sagrada. Sagrada has the largest area of live coral cover.

Page | 24

Figure 7. Land Use Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 25

1.10. Biological Environment

Through the various surveys and study by the SEMP-ECAN Zoning Project, the

terrestrial flora and fauna present in the municipality were profiled.

Terrestrial Flora

The vegetation of the municipality is mainly characterized by patches of grasslands,

brushlands and its conopy is dominantly vegetated with bamboo species called “buho”.

The remaining primary growth forest in the area is limestone forest. These significant

primary and closed forests (e.g. semi-evergreen & semi-deciduous, limestone & karst) were

noted in Barangays Concepcion, Sagrada, YKR presently known as Busuanga Pasture

Reserve (BPR), Cheey and San Rafael. These areas have also high percentages of alienable

lands making it suitable for vegetation and for other uses such as residential and agricultural

uses. In addition, two barangays were noted to have a stable upland agriculture, namely:

Quezon and New Busuanga.

The municipality of Busuanga rich has rich biodiversity. Flora found in the

municipality include kamagong, ipil sakat, akle, apitong, malasantol, antipolo, nato, yakal,

duguan, narra, molave, mancono and kalaum. Forest land of municipality is considered

special because six uncommon indigenous flora species are recorded. This includes Lanete,

which is classified as endangered under the International Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN) Red Data List. On the other hand, Barangay Cheey and Salvacion were endorsed

to be considered as biodiversity hotspots for they were observed to have high biodiversity

indices. These barangays Cheey and Salvacion are among the top barangays with high

percentage of primary and secondary forest as well as high percentage of Core Zones, 3.7%

and 2.2% respectively.

Table 8. Total Forest Cover per barangay of the Municipality of Busuanga, 2006

Barangay Extent of Forest Cover

(Hectares)

Percentage of Total

Forest Cover

Bogtong 1, 395. 40 9. 41

Buluang 149. 20 1.01

Calauit 1, 037.50 7.00

Cheey 6, 076.60 40.99

Concepcion 85.50 0.58


New Busuanga 631.20 4.26

Quezon 109.20 0.74

Old Busuanga 1,211.10 8.17

Panlaitan 72.70 0.49

Sagrada 920.70 0.21


Sto. Nino 89.10 0.60

San Rafael 1,509.00 10.18

TOTAL 14, 822. 90 100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

Page | 26

With respect to forest cover (Table 8), top three barangays with the highest forest

cover are: Cheey, Salvacion and San Rafael. For the primary forest, Cheey has 1.4%,

Salvacion with 0.1% and San Rafael with 18.1%, and for the secondary forest, Cheey has

45.0%, Salvacion with 52% and San Rafael with 46.5%. Besides having high forest cover,

these barangays also possess a relatively high percentage of protected areas or core zones.

On the other side, there are also barangays without forests and these are Barangay San

Isidro and Barangay Maglalambay.

Terrestrial Flora and its Threats

According to the transect lines conducted by the PCSD, Cheey, being the largest

barangay in the municipality has the highest number of endangered flora species. Among

these that appear at almost 80% of the transect area are Malasantol (Sympetalandra

densiflora) and Sakat/Teket while species which appear in almost 70% of the transect areas

is Ipil (Intsia bijuga). Barangay Salvacion follows Cheey with 7 out of 15 endangered

species identified. For the whole municipality, the common endangered species found are

Malasantol (63%), Sakat/Taket (54%), Ipil (54%) and Yakal (Shorea astylosa )(45%).

Besides species endangerment, major threats to these resources are illegal logging,

forest fires, kaingin, hunting of wildlife, and the rapid expansion of settlements in the

upland due to the increase in population, brought by natural increase and migration.

Terrestrial Fauna

The Municipality of Busuangais haven for a total of 145 species of vertebrate fauna.

Not only there are numerous counts of species but endemicity and discovery of new species

is also very significant in the area. 21% species of birds, 33% species of mammals, and

29% species of amphibians and reptiles are endemic. Addition to this, four new species of

birds and one species of frog, turtle and snake were found. Other new recorded species in

the municipality include the Philippine Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus Philippensis), Blue-capped

Kingfisher (Actenoides hombroni), Little-pied Flycatcher (Ficedula westermani

palawanensis), Small button quail (Turnix sylvatica), Slender digit Narrow mouth frog

(Kaloula picta) and Philippine pit viper (Trimereserus flavomaculatus).

Particularly, indices of its species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity were

high in the following order of habitat types: brushland-forest, brushland-bamboo thicket,

brushland ricefield, and agroforest-bamboo thicket (pure forest stand recorded the lowest

diversity of wildlife).

1.11. Water Resources

River System

The Municipality of Busuanga has a lot of river systems which are used as a water

resources. More than its domestic use, these can be a good source of livelihood and

recreation for locals and even for tourists. These river systems include the (1) Great

Busuanga River in Old Busuanga traversing around itself and Salvacion, (2) river system

which passes along Barangay Buluang, New Busuanga and Quezon, (3) another one which

crosses Barangay Bogtong, Sagrada and Concepcion, (4) Binalayan River in Barangay

Page | 27

Cheey, (5) Dipuyal River in Sto. Nino, (6) Lele River in New Busuanga, (7) Malabnas

River in San Rafael, (8) Ditapec River in Calauit, and (9) Kiwit River in Sagrada. Figure 8

shows the river map of the Municipality of Busuanga.

Page | 28

Figure 8. River Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 29

Waterfalls

A waterfall located in Barangay Concepcion has high potential for tourism

development. It has been an ideal place of locals and visitors for recreation.

Watershed

The main watershed of the Busuanga which has a total area of 1, 963.62 ha

traverses other barangays in Coron such as Bintuan. There is also another watershed with

an area of 2,771.14 ha covering Decalachao in a lineal distance of 21, 524.24 meters.

1.12. Mineral Resources

According to the DENR Data Report and the 2013 Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP)

of Coron, the total mineable area for the whole Busuanga Island is 18, 990 hectares. The

known mineral resources/reserves that are mainly found are limestone, marble, manganese,

nickel, chromite and iron. In the Municipality of Busuanga, these mineral deposits are

located in Barangays Bogtong, Sagrada and Concepcion. Mining, on the other hand, is not

rampant in the municipality and no mineral mining activities are recorded as of this year.

This implies that the municipality do not engage themselves of unsustainable mining

practices that can destroy the rich natural resources in the area. Moreover, this also reflects

how the municipality finds favor in pursuing sustainable development. However, anecdotal

accounts reported that there are sand anf gravel quarry operating without permit which is

yet to be verified.

1.13. Coastal and Marine Resources

Coral Reef

The estimated coral reef cover of Busuanga is about 11.30 km2. Of which, patchy

corals on rubbles substrate are estimated to have an area of 1.96 km2 while algae

overgrowing dead corals are estimated to be in an area of 6.29 km2. Among the barangays

with coral reefs, Barangay Panlaitan has the largest area for coral reefs (16.95 hectares).

Other barangays with coral reef areas include: Concepcion (14.12 hectares), Sagrada (11.18

hectares), Calauit (10.5 hectares), Maglalambay (6.35 hectares) and New Quezon (2.99

hectares).

Also, there are three coral reef areas identified as core zone based on their percentage

of live coral cover. These are Denicolan Island (53%), Tantangon Island (44%) and

Calumboyan Island (55%). Since high percentages of coral reef cover indicate high

percentage of coral fishes and shellfishes, core zone delineation for coral reefs on strategic

locations such as the three islands can improve and maintain the dynamics of corals and

fisheries in the area.

In the State of the Environment Report (PCSDS 2015), only 2.7% of the coral cover

is in excellent condition, 14.8% in very good condtion, 14.9% in good, 42.1% in fair, and

25.5% in poor condition. This accounted results of survey conducted in 2011.

Sea grass communities

Page | 30

Sea grass cover of the municipality is estimated to be at 27. 5km2 (PCSD, 2006).

Areas with the highest percentage of sea grass cover include Barangay Quezon with 61%,

Japnay (found on the east coast of Calauit Island) with 33%, and two sites in Cheey with

27% and 72%. Besides these key sites, high dense sea grass cover was also seen in

Barangay Concepcion and Sto. Niño. These areas are the feeding grounds of Dugong

dugon, and are candidates for core zone delineation. Seagrass beds in Busuanga serve as

spawning, nursery or feeding ground of fishes, shrimps and other marine animals. Twenty-

seven species of bivalves and gastropods can be also found in the area.

Mangrove Forest

Mangrove forests in Busuanga are found along the coastline and around major

rivers including Binalayan River, Lele River, Malabanao River, Busuanga River, Dipuyai

River and Kiwit River. The coastal mangrove forests can be found in all barangays of

Busuanga with an estimate stretch of at least 150m each barangay However, in general,

these mangrove forests (except Calauit Island) are fast becoming depleted due to

continuous harvesting; charcoal or fuel wood production, and housing purposes are main

drivers of this concern.

About 60% of the mangrove in the municipality is in the reproductive stage (i.e.

small size, stunted, shrubs); these are mangroves forests mostly found in Sto. Niño and

Concepcion. In terms of the remaining mangrove cover, Calauit has the largest mangrove

forest cover of 458 hectares. The best mangrove stands in Busuanga can be found in this

island. Barangays Sagrada and Old Busuanga have also a substantial area of mangrove

forest cover. with 263 ha and 268 ha cover, respectively. A marine reserve in Barangay

Bogtong-Sagrada also serves as a sanctuary for a wide range of mangrove forest. Table 9

shows the percentage of mangrove cover per barangays in the municipality while Table 10

shows the true and common names of mangroves species in the locale.

Table 9. Total percentage of Mangrove Cover per barangay in the Municipality of

Busuanga

Barangay Area (Hectares) Percentage of Total

Mangrove Cover

Bogtong 54.60 2.43

Buluang 36.70 1.63

Calauit 658.60 29.29

Cheey 93.40 4.15

Concepcion 123.90 5.51


New Busuanga 167.50 7.45

Old Busuanga 264.60 11.77

Panlaitan 0.00 0.00

Quezon 127.70 5.68

Sagrada 262.60 11.68

Salvacion 86.20 3.83


San Rafael 5.40 0.24

Page | 31

Sto. Nino 291.60 12.97

TOTAL 2,248.50 100

Source: Mangrove Survey, PCSD (2003)

Table 10. True and Common Names of Mangrove Species present in the


True Mangrove Common Name Associate Mangrove Common Name

Aegiceras corniculatum Tinduk-tindukan Acanthus ebracteatus Tigbau

Aegiceras floridum Saging-saging Acacia farnesiana Aroma

Avicennia alba Bungalon-puti Acrostichum aureum Lagolo

Avicennia marina Bungalon Barringtonia asiatica Botong

Avicennia officinalis Api-api Barringtonia racemosa Putat

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Busain Brownlonia tersa

Bruguiera sexangula Pototan Brownlonia lanceolata Maragomon

Bruguiera cylindrical Pototan Lalaki Caesalpinia crista

Bruguiera parviflora Langarai Caesalpinia nuga Sapinit

Camptostemon

philippinense

Gapas-Gapas Cerbera mangas Baraibai

Ceriops tagal Tangal Cynometra ramiflora Balitbitan

Ceriops decandra Malatangal Derris trifoliate Mangasin

Lumnitzera littorea Tabau Hibiscus tiliaceus Malubago

Lumnitzera racemose Kulasi Garcinia spp.

Nypa fruticans Nipa Glochidion littorale Kayong

Rhizophora apiculate Bakauan lalaki Instia bijuga Ipil

Rhizophora mucronata Bakauan babae Morinda citrifolia Bangkoro

Rhizophora stylosa Bakauan bato Osbornia octodonta Taualis

Sonneratia alba Pagatpat Pandanus tectorius Prickly Pandan

Sonneratia caseolaris Pedada Pemphis acidula Bantigi

Excoecaria agallocha Buta-Buta Pongamia pinnata Bani

Xylocarpus granatum Tabigi Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Nilad

Xylocarpus

moluccensis

Piagau Terminalia catappa Talisai

Source: Mangrove Resource Assessment in Busuanga, Palawan, ECAN Zoning Project (2003)

Coral Life forms and associated species

Coral reef areas in Denicolan, Tantangon, and Calumboyan Islands have substantial

coral cover of at least 50%. Given the abundance of this resource, their zone reclassification

as core zone areas was found necessary. Similarly, being endowed with good grass cover,

areas in Cheey, New Quezon and Japnay are also recommended for zone updating. To

better improve the ecological dynamics in the area as well as the fisheries production, the

coral reefs of the small islands and other strategically located coral reefs are delineated as

core zone or restricted zone.

Coral reef areas are also seen as potential income generating livelihood activities.

Tourists come and go in the municipality to witness sites such as the good diving spots and

white sand beaches in the island barangays of the municipality. This includes caves and

Page | 32

shipwrecks located in Malajon Island, most popularly known as Black Island, serving as

tourist visitation spots. Moreover, Fishermen considers tourism as alternative livelihood

that allows them to minimize destructive fishing practices and devote their efforts in

protecting their tourism-based livelihood.

On the other hand, in some areas of the Municipality of Busuanga like Concepcion,

pearl are being cultured in pearl farms. These do not just help in the livelihood of the

community for these also serve as protective enclosure of coral reef areas. More than

preventing illegal intrusions of large fishing boats, pearl farms allow the coral reefs and the

reef fishery production to improve and regenerate.

Reef fish communities

The reef fish communities in Busuanga are in generally poor condition. The most

dominant families observed are the non-target species which are very low in value

commercially; commercially valuable target species are seen as generally low in number

in the whole municipality.

A total of 135 species from 27 families were recorded in the survey conducted by

the ECAN Project in 2006 in selected sites in the municipality; these sites include

Tantangon Island, Calumboyan Island, and Denicolan Island. The study showed that

Calumboyan Island has the highest number of species (103 species from 22 families),

abundance (3,128 individuals) and estimated biomass (32,355.87g) among the three survey

sites; Tantangon Island has the second highest number of species (79 species from 19

families), 1,933 individuals and 25,026.01 grams of biomass; while Denicolan Island has

the lowest number of species (56 species from 20 families), total abundance of 992

individuals and biomass of 11,595 grams- Siganidae contributed majority of the biomass.

Marine Mammals and Turtles

Sea cows (dugongs) and turtles can be seen the whole year round in many coastal

barangays except in Bogtong, Sagrada, Concepcion and Sto. Niño. Turtle nesting sites were

spotted in the islands of Tanobon, Dimipac, Elet, Malajom, Pamalican, West Nalaut, and

Salvacion. The turtles that are found in Busuanga include Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys

olivacea) or pawikan and Hawkbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) or Kara which are both

common in the area. Dolphins and whales were likewise observed in the area during May

to December. The highly migratory Dermochelys coriacea or the Leather Back Katuan has

also been seen in the area.

1.14. Natural Hazards and Constraint

Aside from the natural disasters contributing to land degredation, five other casues

greatly affects the municipality. Grassland fires encroaching into forested areas, timber

poaching, unmanaged land cattle grazing, hillside farming and erosion are also occurring

in the area.

The Vulnerability Capacity Assessment conducted by the Municipal Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Council in December 2015 showed the number of families that

Page | 33

are at risk and vulnerable to disasters (as shown in Table 11). Among these are flood,

landslide and storm surges. The areas that are identified vulnerable to floods are Sto. Niño,

Sagrada, Old Busuanga and Cheey- areas with high percentage of household located along

the coastlines. The areas that are vulnerable to landslides are Barangay Sto. Niño, Salvacion

and Buluang, for these areas are located near the mountain range. In the occurrence of storm

surges, all the barangays are projected to be affected due to its natural geographical

location. The municipality of Busuanga, being an island municipality makes it more prone

and vulnerable to coastal-related or induced disasters such as flooding and storm surge.

Table 11. Vulnerability to Hazards and Number of Families at Risk per Barangay. Barangay

NSO

Populatio

n (2010)

Number

Of

Familie

s at risk

Hazard (per disaster) Number of Families at Risk

(per disaster)

Flood Rain-

Induced

Landslid

e

Storm

Surge

Flood

Hazard

Rain-

Induced

Landslide

Stor

m

Surge

Sto. Nino 1, 282 30 25 5

Concepcion 1, 698 48 48

Sagrada 1, 083 70 39 31

Bogtong 782 70 70

Salvacion 2,795 35 6 29

Old

Busuanga

915 51 13 36

San Rafael 677 20 20

New

Busuanga

1,519 30 30

Buluang 2,450 126 12 104

Quezon 957 22 22

Cheey 2,418 98 8 90

San Isidro 1,040 40 20

Panlaitan 2,757 215 215

Maglalamba

y

1,383 65 65

Source: MDRRMO

Page | 34

It is seen that 780 families that are vulnerable to disasters (flood, rain-induced

landslides and storm surges). Brgy. Sto Nino is the most affected during floods since out

of the 30 families in the area, 25 are likely to be affected. Meanwhile, Barangays of

Concepcion, Bogtong, San Rafael, New Busuanga, Panlaitan, and Maglalambay are

barangays which are completely at risk to storm surges. All of the families residing in these

barangays are found vulnerable to this hazard. Factors justifying the vulnerability of these

barangays can be accounted to proximity to coastal areas and topography as island

barangays. It can also be deduced that presence of mangroves in these barangays may have

key roles in strengthening the capacity of the barangays to counter their vulnerability to

storm surges.

Table 12. Number of Evacuation Centers and Capacity per Barangay in the


Barangay

NSO

Populati

on

(2010)

Number

of

Families

Evacuation Center

Number

of

Centers

Location

Capacity

(No. of

Families)

Sto. Niño 1, 282 30 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem

School

60

Concepcion 1, 698 48 12 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High

School

158

Sagrada 1, 083 70 5 Brgy. Hall / Elem

School

67

Bogtong 782 70 3 Brgy. Hall / Elem 42

Salvacion 2,795 35 18 Brgy. Hall / Elem/WPU/

High School/ LGU

225

Old

Busuanga

915 51 6 Brgy.Hall/Elem/ Multi-

purpose Hall/ Elem

65

San Rafael 677 20 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60

New

Busuanga

1,519 30 7 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High

School

92

Buluang 2,450 126 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60

Quezon 957 22 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60

Cheey 2,418 98 8 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High

School

95

San Isidro 1,040 40 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60

Panlaitan 2,757 215 11 Elem / High School 133

Maglalambay 1,383 65 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 Source: Vulnerability Capacity Assessment of Busuanga, 2015

Page | 35

Most of the evacuation centers in the municipality are Barangay Halls and Schools.

Although all the barangays in the Municipality of Busuanga have designated areas for

evacuation, there are few barangays wherein capacities of the evacuation buildings are not

enough to cater the number of families present in the area. These include: Maglalambay,

Panlaitan, Cheey and Buluang. Table 12 shows the capacity and number of evacuation

centers per barangay in the Municipality.

The municipality is also trying to mainstream DRR in their barangay development

plans. Every barangay has adopted a Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan and on-

going contingency plans for tropical cyclones. Also, a DRRM officer was appointed and

an emergency operations center was designated in every barangay.

1.15. ECAN Zones

PCSD Resolution Nos. 99-144 and 94-44 were followed in identifying the ECAN

Zones in the Municipality of Busuanga. All the barangays have adopted the ECAN Zones

and its regulatory fucntions.

Page | 36

Figure 9. ECAN Map of Busuanga

Table 13 shows the breakdown of ECAN Zones in Busuanga, Palawan.

Accordingly, almost one-fourth of the total land area of the Municipality of Busuanga is

identified as core and restricted use zone. This implies that the area is still rich in terms of

their natural resources and biodiversity. On the other hand, there is almost an equal

distribution of Multiple Use Zone and other zones. This indicates proper ECAN zoning

which is expected to help the municipality in their future development plans. In particular,

45% of its total land area designated for multiple use indicate more opportunities for

Page | 37

physical and socio- economic growth for development; vast brushland, grasslands and idle

lands which remain to be tapped provide potentials for other productive and development

activities; while remaining areas of limestone forests and other types of forest and

marine/coastal reserve signify strict conservation and protection initiatives.

Table 13. Municipal Breakdown of ECAN Zones

ECAN Zone Area (Ha) Percentage (%)

Core Zone 7, 423 16.7

Core Zone (Protected Area) 3, 667 8.2

Restricted use zone 3, 098 7.0

Controlled use zone 5, 932 13.3

Traditional Use Zone 3, 767 8.5

Multiple use zone 19,544 43.9

Coastal Multiple Zone: Buffer (Islands) 170 0.4

Coastal Multiple Use Zone : Sustainable use Islands 1,108 2.1

Total 44, 539 100.0

*The ECAN zones map was processed based on the most recent amended guidelines on mapping

and delineation, the PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 (as of 2006)

Barangays that have the highest percentage of core zone relative to the total municipal area

include Cheey (3.7%), San Rafael (3.05%), Old Busuanga (2.7%) and Salvacion (2.2%).

For the Multiple Use Zone, the following barangays has the highest percentages; Cheey

with 9.6%, New Busuanga and Sagrada with 4.9%. Meanwhile, Cheey also has the highest

percentage of restricted use zone (2.6%) while Maglalambay and San Rafael has none. The

same with the controlled use zone, Cheey also registered the biggest percentage.

Furthermore, Calauit Island, found near Barangay Quezon and Barangay Buluang, is

classified as a protected area. This depicts that the area is rich in natural resources such as

mangroves, forest and biodiversity.

1.16. Existing Ancestral Domains

Figure 10 below shows the resource map of Busuanga indicating areas with CADT.

As shown in the map, Barangay Panlaitan and Barangay San Isidro were areas of the

municipality having ancestral domain claims. The total area for all the CADT area in the

Municipality of Busuanga is approximately 21, 000 hectares.

Page | 38

Figure 10. Busuanga Resource Map showing areas with CADT

Page | 39

2. Social and Population

2.1. Population Size and Growth Rate

The Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan has an actual population of 21,358 as of

2010 with a 2,292 increase in population from 19,066 in2007 with an annual growth rate

of 3.856%. By year 2020, the total population is projected to be 31,199 and 37,673 by the

year 2025. Among the barangays in the Municipality, Panlaitan, which is one of the rural

barangays, has the highest population with 3,509, followed by Salvacion, with 2,515 and

by Buluang with 2, 346. Table 8 shows the actual and estimated population of Busuanga,

Palawan.

Majority of the population of Busuanga reside within the Multiple Use Zone where

most of the resources are accessible. Meanwhile, Barangay Panlaitan’s population is

located within the multiple use zone, restricted use, controlled use area and coastal core

zones of the barangay, as these zones make up the entire geography of the barangay.

Accessible resources are present in these zones. Several households have small commercial

establishments that satisfy the needs of the residents. It can also be noted that fishing is one

of the main source of livelihood in the barangay since it is surrounded by water where

diverse species of fish can be found.

Table 14. Actual Number of Population and Estimated Population of Busuanga

Municipality.

Barangay

Actual Population Projected Population

2007 2010 2020 2025

URBAN BARANGAYS 4,154 4,849 6,794 8,208

Salvacion 2,225 2,515 3,639 4,396

NewBusuanga (Pob.) 1,183 1,455 1,935 2,338

Old Busuanga 746 879 1,220 1,474

RURAL BARANGAYS 14,912 16,509 24,405 29,465

Panlaitan 3,180 3,509 5,200 6,283

Buluang 2,069 2,346 3,384 4,088

Cheey 1,994 1,990 3,260 3,940

Concepcion 1,300 1,761 2,126 2,569

Maglalambay 1,189 1,227 1,944 2,349

Sto Nino 1,122 1,201 1,835 2,217

Sagrada 1,088 1,018 1,799 2,150

San Isidro 966 947 1,580 1,909

Quezon 594 943 971 1,174

Bogtong 877 888 1,434 1,733

San Rafael 533 679 872 1,053

TOTAL 19,066 21,358 31,199 37,673

2.2. Population Density

As of 2010, Busuanga, Palawan has an overall population density of 0.48. It had

increased by 0.05 from 2007 with a population density of 0.43. Among the barangays,

Page | 40

Panlaitan has the highest population density with 13.61. This island barangay has a high

actual population but has a small land area of 257.8 hectares only. It is followed by

Maglalambay with a population density of 2.78, and San Isidro with 1.95. On the other

hand, Cheey has the lowest population density in the municipality with 0.15, yet it has the

largest land area with 13, 179.9 hectares. It is followed by Quezon with 0.17, and Sagrada

and San Rafael with 0.29. Dense population is present in areas where controlled use areas,

restricted use areas, coastal marine zones and multiple use zones thrive. Meanwhile low

population density is observed in areas where core zones and traditional use areas are

present.

2.3. Urban Rural Distribution

Table 15 shows the actual and projected population of urban and rural barangays in

the municipality.

Table 15. Actual and Projected Population Density of Busuanga Municipality

Barangay

Land

Area

(ha)

Actual Population Density

Projected

Population

Density

2007* Density 2010* Density 2020 Density

URBAN

BARANGAYS 8,902.20 4,154 0.46 4,849 0.54 6,794 0.76

Salvacion 3,035.20 2,225 0.73 2,515 0.83 3,639 1.2

New Busuanga

(Pob.) 3,328.60 1,183 0.36 1,455 0.44 1,935 0.58

Old Busuanga 2,538.40 746 0.29 879 0.35 1,220 0.48

RURAL

BARANGAYS 35,636.50 14,912 0.42 16,499 0.46 24,405 0.68

Panlaitan 257.8 3,180 12.34 3,509 13.61 5,200 20.17

Buluang 1,991.00 2,069 1.04 2,346 1.18 3,384 1.7

Cheey 13,179.90 1,994 0.15 1,990 0.15 3,260 0.25

Concepcion 1,546.10 1,300 0.84 1,761 1.14 2,126 1.38

Maglalambay 442 1,189 2.69 1,227 2.78 1,944 4.4

Sto Nino 3,313.60 1,122 0.34 1,201 0.36 1,835 0.55

Sagrada 3,568.70 1,088 0.3 1,018 0.29 1,799 0.5

San Isidro 485.8 966 1.99 947 1.95 1,580 3.25

Quezon 5,529.30 594 0.11 943 0.17 971 0.18

Bogtong 2,977.30 877 0.29 888 0.3 1,434 0.48

San Rafael 2,345.00 533 0.23 679 0.29 872 0.37

Total 44,538.70 19,066 0.43 21,358 0.48 31,199 0.7

Source: NSO SSource: NSO, 2010

Table 15 shows the actual and projected population of urban and rural barangays in

the municipality. Out of the 21, 358 population of Busuanga, 4, 489 or 22.70% is residing

at the urban barangays while the remaining 77.30% are at the rural barangays. This is

because most of the job and livelihood opportunities in the municipality are at the island

Page | 41

barangays where fishing thrives and tourist destinations, though needs proper management,

are located.

The Urban barangays, namely, Salvacion, New Busuanga, and Old Busuanga share

more than a fourth of the municipality’s population. They are considered as urban

barangays because according to the NSO’s definition of urban space, a central district

should have the following: street pattern, at least 6 establishments (commercial,

manufacturing, recreation and/or personal services), and at least 3 of the following: town

hall, church or chapel with religious service at least once a month; public plaza, park or

cemetery; market place or building were trading activities are carried on at least once a

week; and a public building. It is also where most of the economic activities are found.

Some rural barangays share a high percentage of the population as well. However, it can

be noted that urban barangays have a higher population distribution than the rural barangays

since most of the household needs can be accessed in the former.

2.4. Housing

Tenural Status

Rent houses/rooms including lot is the top tenural status in Busuanga, Palawan.

This shows that most households, including tourists, do not have their own land, thus rent

houses/rooms for accomodations. In accordance with this figure, data from MPDO also

indicate that owned houses with rent-free lot with consent from the owner is one of the top

tenural status in the municipality. Table 16 shows the household tenural status in

Busuanga Palawan.

Table 16. Tenural Status by Households in Busuanga, Palawan

Tenure Status Number of Households

Rent house/room including lot 2,232

Own house, rent lot 55

Own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner 71

Own house, rent-free lot with consent of owner 110

Own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner 86

Rent-free house and lot with consent of owner 185

Rent-free house without consent of owner

Living in a public space with rent

20

19

Living in a public space without rent 355

Other tenure status 100

Source: MPDO, 2014

2.5. Age Distribution

Based on the 2010 total population, majority of the total population in Busuanga,

Palawan are composed of the younger population. The age structure of Busuanga (Figure

11) illustrates that of the Philippine population structure. Its broad base reflects a large

number of young population while its narrow tip shows a very small number of

Page | 42

elderly.With a large number of young population, human resources will be reinforced,

satisfying the need of the municipality for more manpower.

Figure 11. Age-Sex Distribution of the Municipality of Busuanga based on 2010 Census

2.6. Dependency Ratio

The population of 15 years old and over is considered to be the economically active

population. They can be classified as either employed or unemployed. Using the 2010

Census of Population by the NSO, the child and old age dependency ratios were identified.

As of 2010, there is a total of 12, 768 people who are in the working age group and a total

of 8,580 dependents over these working age group. The child dependency ratio is 0.61.

This means that for every one productive individual, approximately 1 child depends on

him/ her. As for the old age, 0.06 or approximately 1 elderly is dependent for every one

productive individual. This would mean that the old population would not require much

dependency among the productive individuals, thus giving them less burden for acquiring

their needs.Table 17 shows the computed dependency ratio of the municipality in 2010.

Table 17. Computed Dependency Ratio of Busuanga Municipality

Categories 2010 Percent Share

0 – 14

65 and over

Total Dependents

15 – 64

Total Working Age Group

Total Population

7,816

764

8,580

12,768

12,768

21,348

36.61

3.58

40.19

59.81

59.81

100.00

-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

Under 5

10 – 14

20 – 24

30 – 34

40 – 44

50 – 54

60 – 64

70 – 74

80 and over

Male Female

Page | 43

2.7. Status of Well-Being

Health and Personnel Facilities

Given the number of health personnel in the municipality (as shown in Table 18),

the need for more health personnel arises according to the standardized number of health

workers who must administer the provision of health services. There is also a need to

establish more health facilities to cater the needs of the people who might need medical

assistance. The nearest hospital from the municipality is the Coron District Hospital which

is more than 20 kilometers away from the town proper.

Table 18. Distribution and Ratio to Population of Health Personnel

Designation Male Female

Physicians / Doctors 1 0

Dentists 1 0

Nurses 0 2

Midwives 1 8

Medical Technologists 0 0

Sanitary Engineers 0 0

Sanitary Inspectors 1 0

Nutritionists 0 0

Active BHWs 1 105 Source: Municipal Health Office 2013

Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality

In 2014, the top three leading causes of death were Acute Respiratory Infection

with 2, 661 cases followed by Diarrhea with 378 cases, and Wounds of all types with 372

cases (Municipal Health Office, 2014). Comparing the municipality’s list of causes of

morbidity with the national records, Acute Respiratory Infection ranked first as well, but

was followed by different diseases except Urinary Tract Infection which have ranked tenth

as shown in the table below.

Table 19. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes All Ages Male Female

1. ARI/UTI

2. Age / Diarrhea

3. Wounds (all types)

4. Multiple Injuries

5. Acute Gastritis

6. Bronchial Asthma

7. Hypertension

8. Animal Bite

9. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

10. Urinary Tract Infection

2661

378

372

161

127

101

88

70

66

66

1153

195

244

97

53

41

46

38

47

23

1508

183

128

64

74

60

42

32

19

43

Page | 44

Source: Municipal Health Office, 2014

Meanwhile, as shown in Table 20, the top three causes of mortality include Fatal

Arrhythmia with 9 cases, Prematurity with 6cases, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis with 6

cases. On the other side, at the national level, top ten leading causes of mortality in years,

2008, 2009, and 2010 include diseases of the heart, Cerebrovascular diseases, malignant

neoplasms, Pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic lower respiratory diseases, Diabetes Milletus,

assault, pregnancy related causes (perinatal period), nephritis, nephritic syndrome, and

nephrosis, respectively (National Statistics Office, 2012).

Table 20. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity

Causes All

Ages Male Female

1. Fatal Arrhythmia 9 5 4

2. Prematurity 6 3 3

3. Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6 5 1

4. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 3 2 1

5. Septic Shock 3 2 1

6. Sepsis 3 1 2

7. Pneumonia 3 2 1

8. Hypovolemic Shock Secondary to

Multiple Stab Wound 2 2 0

9. Cerebrovascular Accident 2 1 1

10. Pulmonary Embolism 2 2 0


Nutritional Status

In 2015, the municipality of Busuanga had maintained low level of malnourishment

among preschool children (see Table 21). Since the RHU of Busuanga have strengthened

programs for infant and childcare, relatively the larger bulk of the total population of pre-

school children in Busuanga have not been categorized on other levels of malnourishment.

From the 3,051 total preschoolers, 87.12% or 2, 658 of them have normal weights, 10.19%

or 311 are identified as underweight, 2.39% or 73 are severely underweight, and 0.33% or

10 are identified as overweight.

Table 21 Malnourishment Levels of Preschool Children by Percent and Total Weights

Pre-School (PS) Children (0-5 years old) 2015

Total PS Population

Total PS Weighed

Percent Population Weighed

3,051

3,051

100%

Total Identified PS with Normal Weight

Percent Identified PS with Normal Weight

2,658

87.12%

Total Identified Underweight PS

Percent Identified Underweight PS

311

10.19%

Page | 45

Pre-School (PS) Children (0-5 years old) 2015

Total Identified Severely Underweight PS

Percent Identified Severely Underweight PS

73

2.39%

Total Identified Overweight PS

Percent Identified Overweight PS

10

0.33%


Live Births, Deaths, Rate of Natural Increase, Infant Deaths and Maternal Deaths

In the year 2014, the estimated population according to the Municipal Health Office

was 23,793 with 436 recorded live births, 90 deaths, 13 infant deaths, and 1 maternal death.

The municipality of Busuanga has a Crude Birth Rate of 18.32, it means that for every 1000

population, approximately 18 births have been delivered. The Crude Death Rate, on the

other hand is 3.78 which means that there are about 3 to 4 deaths for every 1000 population.

The Rate of Natural Increase is the rate of the increase of population in a

municipality and is computed by getting the difference between the Crude Birth Rate and

Crude Death Rate. Busuanga’s Rate of Natural Increase is 14.54. It means that there is an

increase by 14 to 15 in the population for every 1,000 people. Moreover, Busuanga’s infant

mortality rate is 0.55 and its maternal mortality rate is 0.04. With the rate of natural increase

and the low Crude Death Rate, the municipality’s population will continue to increase in

number.

Family Planning Services

According to the FHSIS (Field Health Service Information System) Report of

Busuanga, Palawan (2014), different family planning methods were adopted by a number

of residents in the municipality. As of 2014, the top three family planning methods used in

Busuanga are pills, female sterilizers, and Natural Family Planning- Lactational

Amenorrhea Method or NFP-LAM. There is a total of 533 users of pills, 405 users of female

sterilizers, and 263 users of NFP-LAM. Among others, the residents of Busuanga also use

injectables (95), male sterilizers (16), condoms (25), Natural Family Planning Method-

Standard Days Method or NFP-SDM (5) and Intrauterine Devices or IUDs (95). It can be

seen that still few number use family planning methods, as these are reflected on the

municipality’s large portion of the young population.

2.8. Education

Literacy

More than half of Busuanga’s population are literate or has the ability to read and

write. From 2014’s total population of people whose age are 10 years and above, 97.78%

or 13, 704 are literate. It can also be noted that there are more literate men than women in

Busuanga, Palawan since their population is higher than those of the women. Panlaitan and

Maglalambay have the highest literacy rate in Busuanga with 99.35 % or 1,993 and 919

respectively. From the data gathered, it can be implied that the presence of elementary and

secondary schools in the barangays plays a huge role in achieving high literacy rate in the

municipality. Table 22 shows the literacy rate in the Busuanga, Palawan.

Page | 46

Table 22. Literacy Rate of Municipality of Busuanga per Barangay.

Barangay Population 10

yearsold and

above

Literacy

Total % Male % Female %

Bogtong 586 572 97.61 301 51.37 271 46.25

Buluang 1634 1578 96.57 853 52.2 725 44.37

Cheey 1347 1315 97.62 680 50.48 635 47.14

Concepcion 1043 1000 95.88 509 48.8 491 47.08

Maglalambay 925 919 99.35 486 52.54 433 46.81

New Busuanga 964 952 98.76 484 50.21 468 48.55

Old Busuanga 568 557 98.06 293 51.58 264 46.48

Panlaitan 2006 1993 99.35 1070 53.34 923 46.01

Quezon 666 641 96.25 322 48.35 319 47.9

Sagrada 761 737 96.85 384 50.46 353 46.39

Salvacion 1417 1399 98.73 699 49.33 700 49.4

San Isidro 760 727 95.66 390 51.32 337 44.34

San Rafael 434 428 98.62 218 50.23 210 48.39

Santo Niño 904 886 98.01 484 53.54 402 44.47

Total 14, 015 13, 704 97.78 7,

173 51.18 6, 531 46.6

Source: CBMS, 2014

School-age Population and participation Rate

Busuanga has fifteen (15) public elementary schools and one (1) private elementary

school. The schools cater from Day Care Centers, Kinder, Prep, and Grades 1-6. From the

data gathered it can be seen that a big portion of elementary school aged population or

88.91% are attending elementary school. The top three barangays who have the highest

participation rate are Panlaitan, San Rafael, and Maglalambay. It can also be seen that for

the whole municipality of Busuanga, men are more likely to attend Elementary School than

women since they are up by 5.55% in terms of their participation rate. Table 22 shows

population ages 6- 12 years old who are attending elementary school. Table 23 shows

population ages 6- 12 years old who are attending elementary school.

Table 23. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate

Barangay 6-12 Years

Population

Attending Elementary School (6-12yrs. old)


Bogtong 117 103 88.03 53 45.3 50 42.74

Buluang 363 327 90.08 172 47.38 155 42.7

Cheey 302 265 87.75 138 45.7 127 42.05

Concepcion 260 212 81.54 113 43.46 99 38.08

Maglalambay 223 201 90.13 114 51.12 87 39.01

New Busuanga 163 146 89.57 89 54.6 57 34.97

Old Busuanga 94 84 89.36 46 48.94 38 40.43

Panlaitan 422 398 94.31 205 48.58 193 45.73

Quezon 129 115 89.15 50 38.76 65 50.39

Sagrada 153 130 84.97 73 47.71 57 37.25

Page | 47

Barangay 6-12 Years

Population

Attending Elementary School (6-12yrs. old)


Salvacion 243 212 87.24 125 51.44 87 35.8

San Isidro 154 138 89.61 74 48.05 64 41.56

San Rafael 77 71 92.21 37 48.05 34 44.16

Santo Niño 167 147 88.02 65 38.92 82 49.1

Total 2, 867 2, 549 88.91 1, 354 47.23 1,195 41.68

Source: CBMS, 2014

At the secondary level, it can be observed that 1, 054 out of the 1, 812 or 58.17%

aged population attend secondary school. The attending secondary school population is less

than that of the attending elementary school population. A possible reason for such is that

some of them are working to earn income and fulfill the needs of their family. It is also

noted that at the secondary school, there are more women than men but by a little

percentage only.

Table 24. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate

Barangay

13-16 Years

Old

Population

Attending Secondary School (13-16yrs. old)


Bogtong 88 45 51.14 20 22.73 25 28.41

Buluang 218 138 63.3 61 27.98 77 35.32

Cheey 169 78 46.15 33 19.53 45 26.63

Concepcion 140 88 62.86 48 34.29 40 28.57

Maglalambay 133 83 62.41 43 32.33 40 30.08

New Busuanga 129 63 48.84 30 23.26 33 25.58

Old Busuanga 58 40 68.97 19 32.76 21 36.21

Panlaitan 238 151 63.45 86 36.13 65 27.31

Quezon 91 53 58.24 17 18.68 36 39.56

Sagrada 107 65 60.75 36 33.64 29 27.1

Salvacion 151 107 70.86 55 36.42 52 34.44

San Isidro 101 44 43.56 20 19.8 24 23.76

San Rafael 53 27 50.94 16 30.19 11 20.75

Santo Niño 136 72 52.94 41 30.15 31 22.79

Total 1,812 1, 054 58.17 525 28.97 529 29.19

Source: CBMS, 2014

2.9. Housing

Type of Housing Units

As shown in Table 25, most of the residents in Busuanga live in single house units.

There are very few duplex, apartment/condominium/townhouse units in the area, which can

be a factor in the progress of tourism in the municipality. Having such low units would

mean few accommodations for tourists, thus would result in low probability of having an

increase in the rate of tourism in the municipality.

Page | 48

Table 25. Type of Housing Units present in Busuanga, Palawan

Type of Housing Unit Number of Housing Units

Single House 4,150

Duplex 53

Apartment/Condominium/Townhouse 27

Commercial/Industrial/Agricultural

Building/House

2

Others 1

Source: CBMS, 2014

Sources of Drinking Water

A major source of Busuanga’s drinking water comes from the residents’ own use

of faucet through a community water system. It is the most used source of drinking water

with 1,502 households using it, followed by dug well with 745 users and shared faucet

through a community water system with 619 users. Some residents have access to drinking

water through tubed or piped deep or shallow well and protected spring, having no

assurance that the water to be used for drinking is clean and safe. However, other

respondents have failed to specify their water supply.The need for clean and safe access to

drinking water is also a rising need for the municipality. Table 26 shows the sources of

drinking water in the municipality.

Table 26. Sources of Drinking Water

Source of Drinking Water Total

Own use faucet, community water system

Shared faucet, community water system

Own use tubed/piped deep well

Share tubed/piped deep well

Tubed/piped shallow well

Dug well

Protected Spring

Unprotected Spring

Lake, river, rain and others

Peddler

Bottled Water

Others

1502

619

25

345

16

745

538

94

332

2

10

5 Source: CBMS, 2014

Types of Garbage Disposal

There is no sanitary landfill present in the municipality of Busuanga. As shown in

Table 27, most of the collected garbage at the household level are being burned or dumped

into an open pit near their houses. Other methods of garbage disposal present in the

municipality are composting, recycling, and dumped into closed pit.

Page | 49

Table 27. Types of Garbage Present in Busuanga, Palawan

Type of Garbage Disposal Total

Collected

Burned

Composted

Recycled

Segregated

Dumped to Close Pit

Dumped to Open Pit

Other Waste Management

321

3896

447

194

188

270

948

11

Source: CBMS, 2014

2.10. Employment

Table 28 shows the employment rate in the municipality. Majority of the members

of the labor force or 5,022 (91.84%) are currently employed. It can be seen that Cheey has

the most employed members of the labor force with 97.12% of its labor force population,

followed by Salvacion with 96.25% or 616 of its labor force members. Employment is

abundant in the municipality since it promotes ecotourism, needs people to run and manage

parks, resorts, and other establishments.

Table 28. Employment Rate of Busuanga, Palawan

Barangay

Members of the labor

Force (15-64 yrs old)

Employed members of the labor Force (15-64

yrs old)

Total Male Female Total % Male % Female %

Bogtong 268 203 65 248 92.54 194 72.39 54 20.15

Buluang 798 588 210 747 93.61 568 71.18 179 22.43

Cheey 521 429 92 506 97.12 419 80.42 87 16.7

Concepcion 442 329 113 408 92.31 313 70.81 95 21.49

Maglalambay 344 293 51 293 85.17 259 75.29 34 9.88

New

Busuanga 216 152 64 182 84.26 135 62.5 47 21.76

Old

Busuanga 267 203 64 253 94.76 198 74.16 55 20.6

Panlaitan 740 641 99 657 88.78 584 78.92 73 9.86

Quezon 276 208 68 239 86.59 178 64.49 61 22.1

Sagrada 246 199 47 229 93.09 185 75.2 44 17.89

Salvacion 640 458 182 616 96.25 445 69.53 171 26.72

San Isidro 131 78 53 114 87.02 72 54.96 42 32.06

San Rafael 178 139 39 158 88.76 125 70.22 33 18.54

Sto. Nino 401 314 87 372 92.77 288 71.82 84 20.95

Total 5, 468 4,

239 1, 234 5,022 91.84 3,963 72.48 1,059 19.37

Page | 50

2.11. Recreation and Tourism

Busuanga is an abundant source of natural sceneries, white sand beaches, resorts,

and sanctuaries that is worthy to be known for not only at the national level, but also on a

global scale. Most of the municipality’s tourist spots are not just visited by local and

international tourists, but by the people of Busuanga as well. Table 29 shows the number

of tourism destinations present in Busuanga. Most of the tourist destinations present in

Busuanga are islands that can be visited through boat rentals and/or through island hopping.

Most of these islands and other tourist destinations are located in restricted use areas,

controlled use areas, and multiple use areas, validating that the establishment of these sites

are open to the public for recreation. However, some destinations are located in terrestrial

and coastal core zones, where very limited activities should be done in these areas.

Table 29. Tourist Destinations in the Municipality of Busuanga

Tourist Destinations Number of Sites

Parks and Marine Protected Area

Lakes/Bays

Islands

Hot Springs

Mountain/Jungle Trails

Falls/Rivers

Ranch

Dive Areas

Resorts

6

4

16

3

8

6

1

10

13

Source: Municipal Profile

2.12. Protective Services

Police Personnel and Types and Volumes of Crime

The Busuanga Municipal Police Station has a total of 20 police personnel and three

(3) Non Uniform Personnel. The roster is composed of one (1) police inspector (PINSP),

two (2) Senior Police Officer (SPO2), six (6 ) Police Officer 3 (PO3), three (3) Police

Officer 2 (PO2), eight (8) Police Officer 1 (PO1), and three (3) Non Uniform Personnel

(NUP). With the 2010 population of 21, 358, there is a police-population of 1:1,607. It

means that for every 1 police personnel, he/she should look after 1,607 individuals to ensure

the protection and security of the municipality. Comparing it to national standard of 1: 500

police- population ratio, it can be deduced that the municipality has to strengthen it’s

protective service.

The table below shows the type and number of crimes recorded in the municipality.

For the year 2015, there have been 134 cases of crime against persons and properties as

well cases resulting from reckless imprudence. Out of these cases, 123 or 91.79% have

already been cleared and solved.

Page | 51

Table 30. Recorded Types and Number of Crime in Busuanga, Palawan

Types of Crime Cases

Against Persons

Homicide

Physical Injury

Rape

1

34

1

Against Property

Robbery

Theft

2

2

Reckless Imprudence Resulting to (RIR)

RIR Homicide

RIR Physical Injury

2

2

Violation of Special Laws 8

Others 82

Total Crime Volume

Total Crimes Cleared/ Solved

Average Monthly Crime Rate

134

123

26.42%

Source: Busuanga Municipal Police Station

Firefighting Personnel and Facilities

The Municipal Fire Prevention Office (MFPO) is composed of one (1) Fire Officer

2, and two (2) Fire Officer 1. Each firefighting personnel has several designations and

responsibilities in the MFPO, showing that there is a need for more people to administer

and manage the office. It should be headed by a chief who shall be assisted by two deputy

chiefs, one for administration and one for operations, as stated in the Republic Act 9263 or

the Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

Professionalization Act of 2004.

The facilities of the MFPO suit the needed uniform and facilities for the personnel.

The facilities consist of a fire truck, two (2) fire coats, 5 (5) pairs of boots, three (3) mallets,

two (2) 1.5 diameter and one (1) 2.5 diameter fire hose, and three (3) fire nozzles.

3. Economic

3.1. The primary sector

The five main crop produce of the Province of Palawan are rice, corn, cashew,

coconut, and mango (PAO, 2012). Aside from food crops, oil palms and rubber plantations

started in the province in 2007 and 1990 respectively in which the areas devoted for oil

palms lies on the southern part of Palawan, while the first rubber plantation is situated in

Barangay Quezon (PCSDS, 2015). Agriculture is one of the primary sectors which provide

opportunities for employment for almost 53% of the Municipality of Busuanga (PCSDS,

2006).

Agricultural croplands

Page | 52

The Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan has devoted a large portion of their lands

for agriculture.

Table 31. A table showing the total land area and total agricultural area

of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan

Barangay Total Land

Area (Ha.)

Total Agricultur

al Area (Ha.)

Percentage of

Agricultural

Land

Sto. Nino 3, 355.1 194.1 5.79%

Concepcion 1,377.3 13.7 0.99%

Sagrada 3,282.0 135.0 4.11%

Bogtong 2,902.3 55.3 1.91%

Salvacion 2, 947.5 115.3 3.91%

Old Busuanga 2, 265.8 193.7 8.55%

San Rafael 2, 336.9 41.2 1.76%

New Busuanga 3, 150.4 147.3 4.68%

Buluang 1, 950.0 124.2 6.37%

Quezon 1765.0 113.4 6.42%

Cheey 13, 117.1 530.0 4.04%

San isidro 427.5 1.6 0.37%

Panlaitan 220.4 0.5 0.23%

Maglalambay 409.8 0.9 0.22%

Total 42, 681.6 1, 773.3 49.35% Source: PCSD, MAO

Cheey has the largest area devoted for agricultural production measuring 530

hectares. The large area of the multiple use zone can be attributed to the lands devoted for

agricultural production. Thus, this is the reason why Cheey contributes a large portion in

the agricultural production of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan.

Agricultural Crops

The Municipality of Busuanga, have the following crops produced: rice, corn,

mango, banana, coconut, cassava, kamote, and ube. However, though there are production

of these various crops, there are still times that the municipality resort to importation to

satisfy their demand. The major agricultural crops produced in the municipality are rice

and corn.

At the provincial level, the increase in the production of agricultural crops can be

attributed to additional areas devoted for agriculture (from 94, 749 ha in 1990 to 210, 766

ha in 2013 (PSA, 2015)).

Table 32. Rice production per barangay of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan

Barangay Harvest Area (Ha) Production (MT)

1. Cheey 1275.75 548.68

2. Sto. Niño 52.25 153.4

3. Buluang 45.25 137.1

Source: MAO, 2011

Page | 53

Table 32 above shows data on rice production by the different barangays. According

to the Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO), a total of 10 barangays are into rice

production: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Quezon, Sagrada,

Salvacion, San Rafael, and Sto. Niño. Among these, the top three producers of rice (rainfed

and irrigated) are Cheey (548.68 MT), Sto. Niño (153.4 MT), and Buluang (147.1 MT)

respectively, during the wet season (March to September) of 2011. Illustrated in the ECAN

map updated last 2006, it can be observed that in Barangay Cheey, the multiple use zone

comprises a big portion, these includes areas devoted for agriculture. Therefore, the rice

production data produced is valid.

Table 33. Corn production in the municipality for the year 2011.

Barangay Harvest Area (Ha) Production (MT)

1. Quezon 8.6 9.7

2.New Busuanga 7.5 7.55

3. Cheey 7.25 6.8

Source: MAO, 2011.

According to the data on corn production of the municipality obtained from the

MAO, there are 10 barangays that are into corn production. These barangays include the

following: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Quezon, Sagrada,

Salvacion, San Rafael, and Sto. Niño.The top three barangays that produce corn (yellow

and white) are Quezon (9.7 MT), New Busuanga (7.55 MT), and Cheey (6.8 MT)

respectively for the year 2011 (see Table 33). From the ECAN map updated in 2006, it can

be observed that a large portion of the Barangay Quezon is a multiple use zone (974.5 ha),

and that 113.4 hectares of this is devoted for crop production, explaining the reasonable

amount of agricultural produce. According to MAO, the municipality does not import corn

in order to sustain production. Unlike other municipalities, corn is only used for food

consumption, and production is still small scale. There is also a need in technologies in

such a way that the crop may also be processed into feeds (livestock and poultry).

Another source of livelihood opportunities for the Municipality related to

agriculture is fruit production. Sample data on fruit produce obtained from MAO include

mango, banana, and coconut. Cheey, having the largest area of all the barangays, also has

the largest multiple use zone (4, 293.8 ha) and explains the opportunities for higher

agricultural produce which includes fruit production (PCSDS, 2006).

All of the 14 barangays in the municipality are involved in fruit vegetable and leafy

vegetable production. The area of multiple use zone in Old Busuanga comprises of 720.9

ha, while the agricultural area measures a total of 193.7 ha, which explains the barangay’s

potential for large fruit vegetable production (PCSDS, 2006). Table 34 shows the barangays

in the municipality with highest fruit production.

On the other hand, as shown in Table 35, Sto. Niñohas the highest production of

leafy vegetables and leguminous vegetables, while Old Busuanga has the highest

production of fruit vegetables. Sto. Niño has a total area delineated under multiple use zone

of 2, 980.5 ha in which areas devoted for agricultural production comprises 194.1 ha

(PCSDS, 2006). Based on the interviews conducted, it was known that although the

Page | 54

Municipality have lands devoted for agriculture, some vegetable products are exported to

the municipality of Coron such as eggplant, squash, okra and sitaw.

Table 34. Production and top producers of mango, banana, and coconut in the

municipality for 2011.

Mango Banana Coconut

Barang

ay

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

Barang

ay

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

Barang

ay

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

1.

Cheey

3.0 60 1.

Cheey

5.0 60 1. San

Rafael

5.0 3.5

2.

Sagrada

1.0 9.7 2. San

Rafael

2.0 25 2.

Cheey

3.0 3

3.

Salvaci

on

3.0 7.55 3.

Salvaci

on

2.0 24 3. New

Busuan

ga

2.5 3

Source: MAO, 2011

Table 35. A table showing the vegetable production of the municipality in 2011

Fruit vegetables Leafy vegetables Leguminous vegetables

Barang

ay

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

Barang

ay

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

Baranga

y

Total

area

harvest

ed (Ha)

Total

producti

on (MT)

1. Old

Busuan

ga

2.0 15 1. Sto.

Niño

4 20 1. Sto.

Niño

1.5 7.5

2. Sto.

Niño

2.0 15 2. Old

Busuan

ga

1 7.5 2.Bulua

ng

1 5

3. New

Busuan

ga

2.0 7.5 3.

Buluan

g

1 5.0 3. San

Rafael

0.5 3

3.

Cheey

1 7.5 3.

Sagrada

1 5.0

Source: MAO, 2011.

Table 36. A table showing the cassava production of the municipality in 2011.

Barangay Total area harvested (Ha) Total production (MT)

1.Quezon 5.6 364

2.Cheey 4.8 336

3.New Busuanga 4.25 297.5

Source: MAO, 2011.

According to the data obtained from the MAO, 11 barangays are into root crop

production where cassava as the major produced. As shown in Table 36, the top three

barangays with the highest cassava production are Quezon (364 MT), Cheey (336 MT),

and New Busuanga (297.5 MT). Other root crops produced in the municipality include

kamote and ube but there is no significant production data on these.

Page | 55

Meanwhile, overall, a total of 12 farmer associations are found in the Municipality.

Through these farmer associations, technologies (farming facilities such as tractors,

thresher) from the national and local government are distributed. The use of these

technologies (production and postharvest) helps improve current status of the Municipality

regarding crop production. Provision of adequate farming technologies can improve the

situation of the Municipality’s agriculture potential through the increase in crop yield.

Increase in crop yield would mean a direct relationship in the per capita income of the

farmers, and therefore translate to better standard of living. Table 37 shows the list of

farmer associations registered in Busuanga, Palawan.

Table 37. List of the registered farmer associations in the municipality of Busuanga

Name Barangay

1. Obsong Farmer’s Association Old Busuanga

2. Organikong Masagana Association Sagrada

3. Masaganang Samahan ng mga Magsasaka Old Busuanga

4. Organikong Maggugulay Association Salvacion

5. New Busuanga Corn Association New Busuanga

6. Agro-Fishery Livestock Production Quezon

7. Samahang Walang Tanggihan Bogtong

8. Cheey Famers Associatiom Cheey

9. Vegetable Growers Association New Busuanga

10. Ocam-Ocam Farmers Association Cheey

11. Samahan ng Magsasaka ng Quezon Cheey

12. San Rafael Integrated Farming Farmers’ Association San Rafael

Source: MAO, 2015

Livestock and poultry: Number and volume of production by type of livestock and poultry

Aside from crop production, livestock production and poultry farming is another

source of livelihood in the community. In the context of the municipality, these animals are

raised in the household level (in their own backyard) (Busuanga SEP, 2014). The following

are the common animals raised: carabao, cattle, swine, and horse. The poultry animals on

the other hand include chicken and duck.

According to the data from the MAO, 11 barangays are into livestock production.

Palawan’s livestock production in 2013 was declared to be 31,764 MT which is composed

mainly of carabao, cattle, hog, and chickens (PSA, 2015). The province’s hog industry has

attained the highest volume of production; from 2010 to 2013, there was an increase from

26, 950 MT to 31, 764 MT (PSA, 2015). Livestock and poultry production in the

municipality are still small scale, and there are times when they import from the

neighboring municipality of Coron. Table 39 shows distribution of livestock populations

in different barangays of the municipality of Busuanga in the late 2012.

Moreover, according to the data obtained from the MAO, another source of

livelihood in the Municipality is poultry farming. However, unlike other poultry farms, the

municipality raises chickens in their backyard. There are 11 barangays who are into chicken

raising: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, Concepcion, New Busuanga, New Quezon, Old

Busuanga, Sagrada, Salvacion, Sto Niño, and San Rafael; and the top three producers are

Page | 56

the following: Cheey (1600), New Busuanga (1580), and Salvacion (750). The table below

shows chicken populations in the top three barangays with highest poultry production in

2012.

Table 38. Chicken populations in the top three barangays with the highest produce in

2012.

Barangay Total (Quantity)

1. Cheey 1600

2. New Busuanga 1580

3. Salvacion 750

Source: MAO, 2012

Page | 57

Table 39. Distribution of carabao, cattle, swine, horse, and goat populations in the different barangays in 2012.

Carabao Cattle Swine Horse Goat

Barangay Total

(Quantity)

Barangay Total

(Quantity)

Barangay Total

(Quantity)

Barangay Total

(Quantity)

Barangay Total

(Quantity)

1. Cheey 100 1. New

Busuanga

643 1. Cheey 539 1. Sagrada 15 1. Quezon 350

2. New

Busuanga

66 2.Cheey 284 2.Salvacion 250 2.New

Busuanga

13 2. Cheey 302

3. Salvacion 50 3. Sagrada 200 3. Sto. Niño 200 3. Sto.

Niño

10 3. New

Busuanga

255

Source: MAO, 2012.

Page | 58

Fisheries: Municipal fisheries

According to the data obtained from the MAO, all of the 14 barangays in the

municipality are engaged in fishing as one of their major source of livelihood. The top three

barangays that have the highest fisheries production are: Panlaitan (135 MT), Buluang (125

MT), and Maglalambay (123 MT).

Table 40. Fish production in the municipal waters of Busuanga, Palawan.

Barangay Total production (MT)

1. Panlaitan 135

2. Buluan 125

3. Malalambay 123

Source: MAO, 2011

One problem discovered by the team through the conduct of interviews is the

encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in Busuanga’s municipal waters. It inflicts

competition to the small fisherfolks of the community because these large vessels also make

use of large nets for catching fish. When these vessels catch fish in the mid sea, tendencies

are less volume of fish will be caught by the small fishermen because a large volume has

already been caught.

A total of 12 registered fisherfolk associations are located in the Municipality (see

Table 41). From the 14 barangays, only 10 have at least one registered fisherfolk

association.

According to the fisherfolks, one of the tasks of their associations is the protection

of the Municipality’s marine resources through the establishment of a monitoring

mechanism most commonly known as “bantay-dagat”. Members of these associations take

shift work in fulfilling the responsibility of protecting their barangay boundaries, but their

lives are often threatened by their work (monitoring violators in the Municipal waters).

Table 41. List of registered fisherfolk associations in the Municipality of Palawan.

Name Barangay

1. San Isidro Fisherfolks Association San Isidro

2. Samahan ng Kababaihan Surigao Panlaitan Association Panlaitan

3. Busuanga Flasdep Corp. Old Busuanga

4. Concepcion Fisherfolks’ Association Concepcion

5. Salvacion Small Fisherman Association New Busuanga

6. Samahan ng Mangingisda ng Bgy. Bogtong Bogtong

7. Daiat Seaweeds Farmer Association Cheey

8. Samahan ng mga Mangingisda Salvacion

9. Ocam-Ocam Agro Fisheries Association New Busuanga

10. Samahan ng mga Magsasaka, Mangingisda, Magtatambalang Buluang

11. Maglalambay Aqua culture Association Maglalambay

12. Amaha and Alito Seaweed Farmers Association Cheey

Source: MAO, 2011

Page | 59

Agricultural support facilities: Production support facilities and Post-harvest facilities

According to the primary data gathered through Key Informant Interview (KII), the

technologies available to aid the farmers in crop production and postharvest, are the

following: mini tractors (7), thresher (3), four wheel tractor, Community-based composting

facility, flatbed dryer, rice mills, communal irrigation system (3). Some of these facilities

were provided by the national government and were given to farmer associations for them

to manage.

A problem regarding the request of these farming technologies relayed to the

practicum team was that the delivery of some of these was delayed for almost a year. Delay

of these machineries could result to negative effects to the community such as decrease in

crop yield that could lead to the decrease in the farmers’ monthly income.

3.2. The Secondary sector

Mining and Quarrying

As of 2016, according to the data obtained from the Licensing Office and Key

Informant Interview (KII), there is no occurrence of mining activities in the Municipality.

However, there are quarrying activities specifically located in Cheey and Salvacion.

Permits are issued by the municipality to legally perform the quarrying activities.

Gas

When it comes to the supply of gas in the Municipality, retail stores are usually the

source of the community. These are sourced out from the neighboring Municipality within

the island of Busuanga, Coron, and from Manila.

3.3. Tertiary sector

Wholesale and retail trade

According to the data obtained from the Licensing Office, here is the list of the

following registered wholesale and retail trade in the municipality in 2015: small retail

store, dealer of dry goods, general merchandise, gasoline retail store, Yakult dealer, poultry

feeds dealer, octopus dealer, MSK closet dealer, rice retailer, fish dealer, motorcycle dealer,

hog dealer, school supplies store, dealer of nipa and sawali, charcoal dealer, gravel and

sand dealer, and dealer of sea cucumber. The following establishments are distributed

among the 14 barangays of the Municipality. The consumer goods distributed are usually

sourced out from the neighboring Municipality of Coron, or from Manila and Baguio.

Personal services

The registered services present in the Municipality of Busuanga as of 2015 obtained

from the Licensing Office are restaurants, computer shops, cable TVs, billiard table, MSK

table and videoke machines. Most of the services present in the Municipality are provided

by dealers and these products usually come from Coron or Manila. These personal services

are usually situated in the proper, Salvacion. Although a list of these services is identified,

Page | 60

when it comes to investments, it does not contribute significantly to the Municipality’s

economy. It remains to in development stage.

4. Infrastructure

4.1. Inventory of Roads

Through the Republic Act No. 917 enacted in 1953, roads were classified into national

roads, provincial, municipality and barangay roads. All the classifications mentioned are

present in the municipality. Table 42 shows the inventory of roads in the municipality.

Table 42. Inventory of Roads in Busuanga

Road Type Length

Road Surface

Paved Unpaved

Concrete (km) Gravel (km) Earthfill (KM)

National 117.68 1.5 43. 5

Provincial 32.292 0.598 0.297 32.022

Municipal 5.854 3.919 1.09 0.845

Barangay 33.538 7.127 2.494 23.917

Total 189.364 13.144 3.881 100.284

Source: MPDC

Of the total length of road networks in the barangay, a total of 13.144 km are already

paved while 104.165 km still has to be paved. Specifically, national roads have paved roads

unpaved roads; provincial level have 0.598 km paved roads and 32.319 km unpaved roads;

meanwhile at the municipal level, there are 3.919 km paved roads and 1.935 km unpaved

roads; lastly, at the barangay level, there only 7.127 km paved roads and 26.411 km

unpaved roads. Given the need to improve the roads in the municipality, the ongoing

alliance with the provincial government of Palawan in the improvement of barangay roads,

utilization of 20% Development fund of the municipality (allotted for barangay road

construction and improvement), and loan approval for the improvement of barangay roads

would be of help in improving road networks in the municipality. Figure 12 shows the Road

Network Map of the Municipality of Busuanga.

Page | 61

Figure 12. Road Network Map of Busuanga Municipality

Page | 62

4.2. Inventory of Bridges

Bridges play a vital role in the transportation system since they are used as

passageway to go to places. The table below shows the inventory of bridges present in the

municipality, its length, and type of construction.

Table 43. Inventory of National Bridges by Classification, Location, Length and Type of

Construction in Busuanga, Palawan

Bridge Location Type Length (LM*)

Dipuiyai Bridge Brgy. Sto. Niño Bailey 36 LM

Mahiralan Bridge Brgy. Concepcion RCDG 18 LM

Tapiken Bridge Bgy. Sagrada RCDG 24 LM

Kiwit I Bridge -do- Timber Trestle 12 LM

Kiwit II Bridge -do- RCDG 18 LM

Domoyog Bridge Bgy. Bogtong -do- 12 LM

Bogtong Bridge -do- -do- 12 LM

Busuanga Bridge Bgy.Old Busuanga Steel 100 LM

Banaba Bridge -do- RCDG 36 LM

Concepcion Spillway -do- Concrete 12 LM

Malabnao Bridge Bgy. San Rafael Timber Trestle 12 LM

Lele Bridge Bgy. New Busuanga RCDG 24 LM

New Busuanga Bridge -do- Timber Trestle 12 LM

Buluang Bridge Bgy. Buluang -do- 18 LM

*LM= Load Models

There are a total of 18 bridges in the municipality of Busuanga. Most of the bridges

present in the municipality are classified as national bridges while 4 of which are provincial

bridges. Almost all of the barangays (8) in the municipality have a bridge in the area.

4.3. Water Supply

The water system in the municipality is being run by the Salvacion Busuanga Rural

Waterworks and Sanitation Association, Inc. It is the water district of the municipality

located at barangay Salvacion, the town proper of the municipality. Its main source of water

is the Lubao Spring. The water district is still operational in condition and the Level of the

distribution system still depends on the area. Specifically in Salvacion, the distribution

system is Level III while the other barangays have Level 1 and Level 2 water supply.

According to the MPDC (Pers. Com., 2016), the water supply of the municipality is still

underdeveloped and therefore can be further improved.

Page | 63

4.4 Electric Power Supply

San Isidro, Panlaitan, and Maglalambay, the three island barangays in the

municipality, obtain solar energy for electricity. Meanwhile, the other remaining barangays

are supplied with electricity by the Busuanga Island Electric Cooperative (BISELCO). This

semi-government company supplies electricity to both municipalities in Busuanga Island:

Coron and Busuanga. The source of the supplied electricity however is from the Calamian

Island Power Corporation (CIPC) which is privately owned. In fact, there had been

fluctuating supply of electricity in the municipality. Residents in the municipality resort

using some of the following; generator, solar panels, and rechargeable lights.

4.5 Transport Facilities

Since the Municipality of Busuanga is a third class municipality, transportation

system plays an important role in achieving its goals. There are two mode of transportation

wherein the municipality can be accessed: through land and water. The following are the

types of land transportation obtained from the Key Informant Interview (KII): FDG buses

(7) that are travelling from the municipality of Coron to the municipality of Busuanga and

vice versa; jeepney (1) that travels in Sto. Niño and Sagrada; motorcycle that are usually

privately owned and can be rented to travel to Calauit, the municipality of Coron, and to

the Francisco B. Reyes airport; and tricycles (33) which is the usual transportation service

availed by commuters in Salvacion, Bogtong, and the municipality of Coron.

On the other hand, water transportation services availed by the community is the

use of motor Bangka and Cargo Vessel. The motor Bangka is utilized to reach the island

barangays of the municipality and other beaches that serve as tourist destination.

4.6. Communication Facilities

For the services provided for communication in the municipality of Busuanga the

list are as follows: Smart cell site (1); Globe cell site (2); handheld radio that are used by

the NDRRMC; and internet services provided by Globe and Smart. Though these

communication facilities are relatively stable, these can still be further improved. When it

comes to communication providers such as Globe and Smart, an increase in the quality of

their services e.g. cellphone signal would be an advantage to further develop and promote

tourism of the municipality.

Page | 64

5. Institutional

5.1. Local Government Unit’s Structure

There are 10 offices under the office of the municipal mayor. Among all these

offices, the municipal mayor has indirect control over the Office of the Sanggunian as he

works hand in hand with the municipal councilors. Meanwhile, absence of MENRO Office

and Tourism Office in the municipality were found as necessary deliverables which shall

strengthen sustainable development in Busuanga, Palawan.

Figure 13. Organizational Structure of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 65

Vision of Municipality of Busuanga

The municipality of Busuanga envisions “a well- developed, progressive, peaceful

municipality with confident, committed and self- reliant Busuangenians”. It works on the

achievement of “healthy empowered and self- sufficient community, progressive industry

and cooperatives, and maximized agricultural productivity”.

Offices in the Municipality

1. Office of the Municipal Assessor

The office of the municipal assessor together with the local government unit work

together to achieve (1) progress and financial stability, and (2) efficient system of real

property tax assessment and collection enforcement.

2. Office of the Municipal Accountant

The office endeavours to function responsibly and honestly in providing services to

government clientele; it makes sure of “efficiency, economy and effectiveness over fiscal

affairs, operations and transactions of the municipal government of Busuanga”. The office

offers services in the processing of the vouchers, applying for cash advance, and liquidation

of travel cash advance.

3. Budget Office

Driven by its leadership in expenditure management, the budget office initiates

local development of the Municipality. It provides the following services; (1) preparation

of Local Budget Matrix, (2) recording obligation requests and expenditures of different

department and offices, (3) lobbying the approval of Local Budget Matrix through

recommendations, (4) preparation of supplemental budget for General Fund, (5) reviewing,

examining annual/supplemental budget of barangays to the Sangguniang Bayan, (6) initial

evaluation and recommendation to barangay officials matters “affecting” the barangay

budget, (7) evaluation of allotment request and prepared local budget matrix, and

formulation of Financial Plan for SEF upon request, (8) receiving and recording incoming

and outgoing obligation request, (9) and securing records submitted to the Municipal

Accounting Office (MAO).

4. Municipal Planning and Development Office

The Municipal Planning Development Office (MPDO) formulates development

plans, program, and projects of the office which are “viable’ and “responsive”. The office

considers sustainable development, general welfare of the municipality’s constituents and

the “balance between development initiative and environmental protection” in pursuing the

office’s endeavours. It also ensures implementation of approved development plans- may

it be in the form of programs, projects, and activities of the local government unit.

5. Municipal Agricultural Office

The Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) embarks on the improvement of the

quality of life of farmers and fisher folks, and the promotion of sustainable resource use. In

doing so, the office aims to establish effective and efficient agriculture and fisheries

Page | 66

services that will ensure food security; the office provides technical assistance on crops,

livestock, and fishery production.

6. Office of the Municipal Civil Registrar

The functions of the office include provision of services on civil registration

(computerized processing via PhilCris Program) and establishment of barangay civil

registration system (in pursuit of a “hundred percent timely registration”). Moreover, it

serves as an extension office of Philippine Statistics Authority.

7. Office of the Municipal Engineer

The office advocates the provision of “efficient, centralized cost- effective

municipal engineering services”. It works towards the enhancement of the quality of life in

the municipality of Busuanga as they function as good stewards of public resources. The

office offers its services to citizens, agencies and departments of the municipality.

8. Office of the Municipal Mayor Licensing Department

In the “creation of new, responsible, and sustainable economy”, the local

government unit shall be led by the office.

9. Legislation Office

In keeping “principles of fairness, equality, and justice”, improvement of the quality

of life of constituents shall be realized upon the office’s provision of quality legislation and

public service.

10. Municipal Social Welfare Development Office

Municipal Social Welfare Development Office (MSWDO) pursues poverty

alleviation and empowerment through a collaborative approach. With the help of

government units, non- government organizations (POs), other government organizations

(GOs) and other members of the society, social protection and promotion of the rights and

welfare of the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged individuals, families, and communities

shall be encouraged.

11. Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office

The Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office (MDRRMO) conducts

emergency management ensuing the protection of the community. It aims to “build, sustain,

and improve the capability to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from

threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other man- made disasters”

through coordinated and integrated activities.

12. Office of the Senior Citizens Affairs

The office “promotes local autonomy people empowerment” through the provision

of basic services to the people; senior citizens and youths’ capacities are developed and

strengthened. In “achieving a progressive and self- reliant community”, senior citizens and

the youth shall be “empowered” through their enjoined participation with the government.

Page | 67

5.2. Local Governance

Human Resource Development Activities

In the provision of efficient and effective public services, the municipality embarks

on human resource development activities which shall “capacitate” its employees. This

shall be done through giving of incentives and rewards.

Strengthened efforts in the enactment of environmental policies and Revenue Code

With the municipality’s aim to raise revenue collection by 30%, strengthened

implementation of environmental laws and the Revenue Code were found necessary;

Information, Education and Campaign (EIC) shall be utilized by the municipality in

achieving this objective.

Maximizing Economic Benefits

1. Tourism Code

The administration is currently pursuing efforts in developing tourism in the

municipality. With the enactment of Busuanga Tourism Code of 2013, the municipality is

tasked in (1) promoting the establishment of “efficient sustainable tourism program and

industry (Section 2), and in (2) governing and regulating the “establishments and operation

of tourism- oriented and tourism- related projects, establishments and/ or enterprises and

activities” (Section 3). In this pursuit, a Municipal Tourism Operations Office (MTOO)

(Section 5), and a Municipal Tourism Council (MTC) was created. The MTOO implements

the ordinance and the Sustainable Tourism Program of Busuanga, while the MTC acts as

“policy- making body” and “steering arm” of MTOO. Recent projects adjunct with tourism

development in the municipality include Salvacion Peak View Deck Project and training

for tourist guides. Whereas, recent ordinance being implemented by the municipality

creates a funding scheme for “conservation, protection and management of the coastal and

aquatic resource, seascape, and rural environment of Busuanga, Palawan”; this pertains to

Municipal Ordinance No. 17 (Series of 2015) otherwise known as “Busuanga Eco- tourism

Development Fee Ordinance of 2015.

2. Market Code

Municipal Regulatory Ordinance No. 18 (Series 0f 2015) or “The Market Price

Control on Meat, Fish (Dried and Fresh) and Local Fruits Ordinance of 2015” was made to

regulate ceiling prices of goods and “prevent unregulated price manipulation” by any

individuals and/ or groups.

3. Creation of Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan

It is expected that the new Municipal Comprehensive and Land Use Plan (MCLUP)

shall include water use plan guiding development and ensuring safe water in the

municipality

Page | 68

5.3. Local Fiscal Management

Status of Financial Health

1. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows

As of the end of 2015, the municipality had a total cash of Php 2,996,542.20

generated from its operating, investing, and financing activities. Upon adding Php

34,782,088.08 (cash at the beginning of the year) to this amount, a total of Php

37,748,630.28 cash balance was left by the end of the year. Shown in the table below are

the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities of the

municipality in 2015.

Table 44. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash Inflows

Collection from taxpayers 3,725,978.90

Share from Internal Revenue Allotment 91,218,956.00

Receipts from business/ service income 3,792,516.19

Other Receipts 4,705,109.93

Total Cash Inflows 103,442,561.02

Cash Outflows

Payment of expenses 33,268,536.96

Payment to suppliers and creditors 5,954,522.29

Payment to employees 34,629,177.38

Other expenses 19,727,779.13

Total Cash Outflows 93,580,015.75

Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities 9,862,545.26

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

(No Cash Flows)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash Inflows

Total Cash Inflows 0

Cash Outflows

Purchase/ Construction of Property, Plant and Equipment 6,896,003.06

Total Cash Outflows 6,896,003.06

Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities (6,896,003.06)

Total Cash Provided by Operating, 2,966,542.20

Investing and Financing Activities

Add: Cash at the Beginning of the Year 34,782,088.08

Cash Balance at the End of the Year 37,748,630.28

Source: Budget Office, 2015

Page | 69

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Given a total of cash inflow of Php 103,442,561.02 and a cash outflow of Php

93,580,015.76 from operating activities of the municipality, 90.47% of the cash available

for operating activities of the municipality was utilized; at the end of 2015, the

municipality’s net cash flow from operating activities amounted to Php 9,862,545.26. It is

also noted that the share from Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of Php 91,218,856.00

comprise 88.18% of the total cash inflow from operating activities of the municipality and

that payment to employees (37.00%) and payment to expenses (35.55%) have the largest

shares from cash outflows of the municipality’s operating activities. Moreover, collection

from tax payers, receipts from business and service income, and other receipts which

constitute only 3.60%, 3.67%, and 4.55%, respectively, imply the need to increase revenue

collection for the municipality to become less IRA dependent.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash Outflows from investing activities of the municipality pertain to the purchase/

construction of property/ plant/ equipment amounting to Php 6,896,003.06; meanwhile,

there are no cash inflows from investing activities of the municipality.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

There are no cash inflows and outflows from financing activities of the municipality.

Quarterly Report on Real Property Tax Collection

As of 2015, total collection of the municipality on Real Property Tax (RPT)

amounted to Php 4,413,752.77. Sources of this revenue comes from property

classifications, residential, agricultural, and commercial lands; Php 759,919.09 (17.22%)

comes from residential property, Php 1,644,195.24 (37.25%) from agricultural property,

while Php 2,009,636.44 (45.73%) from commercial property. Given these values, it can be

said that commercial properties generate most of the revenue of the municipality. These are

followed by agricultural and residential areas respectively. (Treasury Office, 2015)

Statement of Debt Service

According to the Statement of Debt Service as of 2016, the municipality of

Busuanga has not availed any debt service.

5.4. Actual Expenditures by General Account

Statement of Financial Performance- General Fund (GF)

The table below shows the financial performance of the municipality. Accordingly,

it indicates that the municipality is largely depending on internal revenue collections while

spending most of its general fund on the provision of personal services. Therefore,

improved revenue collection from taxes, and service and business income in Busuanga,

Palawan is necessary. In line with this, the integration of IRR (Internal Rate of Return) to

the Tourism Code of the municipality is sought to increase revenue collection and

maximize economic benefits; prioritization of this agenda is indeed significant since this

shall allow revenue collection on tourism related activities in the municipality.

Page | 70

Table 45. Statement of financial performance (General Fund) of the municipality for the

year 2015 (ending from December 31, 2015)

General Fund (GF) Php

Revenue

Tax Revenue

Share from Internal Revenue Collections

Other Share from National Taxes

Service and Business Income

Shares, Grants and Donations

Gains

Other Income

Total Revenue

3,725, 978.90

91,218,956.00

-

3,710,619.39

-

-

81,896.80

98,737,451.09

Less Current Operating Expenses

Personal Services

Maintenance and other Operating Expenses

Non-Cash Expenses

Financial Expenses

Total Current Operating Expenses

34,629,177.38

25,435,058.39

3,051,002.28

-

63,15,238.05

Surplus Deficit from Current Operation

Add (Deduct)

Transfers, Assistance, and Subsidy from

Trasfers, Assistance, and Subsidy to

-

7, 833, 478.57

Surplus (Deficit) for the period Php 27, 788,734.47 Source: Budget Office, 2015

Report of Special Education Fund Utilization for the 4th Quarter of 2015

Senate Bill 486, amending Section 272 of R.A. 7160, madates that additional 1 %

collection on real property tax be released to local school boards as Special Education Fund

(SEF). Maintenance and operating expenses of public schools will be covered by this fund.

Table 46. Special Education Fund as of last Quarter of 2015 Balance, January 1, 2015

Receipt from SEF

Total

1,536,044.81

2,754,510.31

4,290,555.12

Less Disbursements:

Personal Services

MOOE

Capital Outlay

Transmittal to Province

-

102,830.40

47,895.00

1,240,782.57

Sub- total 1,391,507.97

Balance, December 31, 2015 2,899,047.15

Source: Accounting Office

A balance of P 1, 536, 044.81 Special Education Fund (SEF) was incurred on

January 1, 2015. Upon adding P 2,754,510.31 receipt from SEF, there had been a total of

P 4,290,555.12 SEF fund available for 2015. In utilizing this fund, the following

disbursements were deducted; P 102, 830.40 MOOE, P 47,895.00 capital outlay, and P

Page | 71

1,240,782.57 fund for transmittal to province. At the end of the year, the SEF balance was

P 2,899,047.15.

Quarterly Report on Government Projects, Programs or Activities

Table 46 shows the costs and status of projects and programs already conducted and

still being implemented by the municipality in different barangays; trust fund were utilized

to fund these projects and programs.

Table 47. Trust Fund Utilization on government projects, programs or activities;

consolidated report for the 4th Quarter of 2015

Location Project or Program Total Cost

(Php)

Project Status

% of

Completion

Incurred to

Date

All

Barangays

Supplemental Feeding 1,216,800.00 100.0% 1,216,800.00

Special Purpose Fund

(SFR)/ Vegetable and

Livestock Production

2,770,000.00 91.55% 2,536,058.01

Mariculture 1,000,000.00 94.39% 943,921.83

Purchase of Medicines 1,000,000.00 92.03% 920,300.00

Social Pension 1,899,000.00 100% 1,899,000.00

Purchase of Learning

Materials for Day Care

Center

1,058,400.00 0.00% 0.00

So.

Banaba

Brgys Old

Busuanga

Small Farm Reservoir 379,633.00 100% 379,633.00

Salvacion Repair/ Rehabilitation of

Municipal Gym

1,000,000.00 100% 992,623.15

Repair/ Rehabilitation of

Municipal Building

2,500,000.00 100% 2,455,832.22

Improvement of

Drainage

1,000,000.00 100% 999,116.85

Philhealth Capitalization

Fund

12,146.25 0.00% 0.00

Per Family Payment Rate

(PFPR)

1,376,540.66 16.82% 231,477.29

Construction of Level II

Water System

1,500,000.00 100.00% 1,499,666.44

Construction of Fish Port 8,650,000.00 100.00% 5,645,318.23

Training for Tour guide 69,020.00 0.00% 0.00

DILG Salintubig-

Narukan Water System

1,997,263.20 15.00% 0.00

San Isidro Repair/ Rehabilitation of

barangay hall

809,915.74 100.00% 804,915.74

Page | 72

Location Project or Program Total Cost

(Php)

Project Status

% of

Completion

Incurred to

Date

Panlaitan Repair/ Rehabilitation of

barangay hall

309,663.96 100.00% 309,663.96

San Rafael Repair/ Rehabilitation of

barangay hall

415,106.10 100.00% 415,106.10

Sagrada Repair/ Rehabilitation of

barangay hall

944,034.05 100.00% 944,034.05


Day Care Center

693,288.13 100.00% 693,288.13

Buluang Repair/ Rehabilitation of

barangay hall

199,129.86 71.07% 141,529.00


Day Care Center-

Buluang

224,947.48 82.25% 185,022.71

Repair Rehabilitation of

Civic Center- BCM

539,373.09 71.27% 384,437.24

Repair Rehabilitation of

Day Care Center- BCM

698,046.65 20.06% 140,054.71

Source: Accounting Office

Salvacion

Salvacion, ranking fourth among barangays having largest built-up (urban area) in

the municipality (according to Busuanga Socio- economic Profile, 2014), has the most

number of infrastructural projects in 2015; water system and fish port were constructed

while drainage system was improved. Specifically, the Level II Water System and the

ongoing construction of Narukan Water System (DILG project) have become significant to

the barangay in improving its domestic water supply.

San Isidro, Panlaitan, San Rafael, Sagrada, and Buluang

In San Isidro, Panlaitan, San Rafael, Sagrada, and Buluang, repair and rehabilitation

of local barangay infrastructures were prioritized.

Old Busuanga

The construction of small farm reservoir in So. Banaba, Old Busuanga maximizes

the farming opportunity in the barangay; according to Environmentally Critical Areas

Network Management Framework Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality (2006),

Barangay Old Busuanga is attributed with “highest concentration of river channels and a

potential source of irrigation and domestic water”.

Municipal Wide

Projects on vegetable and livestock production, and mariculture are of significance

to most of the households in the municipality. According to the latest CBMS (2014) of the

Page | 73

municipality, 31.49% of the households are engaged in fishing, 21.61% in poultry and

livestock production, and 16.8% in crop farming and gardening.

On the other hand, in the context of tourism development, the municipality have

allotted Php 69,020.00 for training of tourist guides; as of 2015, this project have not yet

incurred costs.

20% Development Fund Utilization Report

Shown in the table below are projects from various programs appropriated with

20% Development Fund Utilization. Indicated are the projects’ location, the amount

disbursed for the project, and the project’s completion expressed in percentage.

Table 48. Barangay 20% Development Fund Utilization Report as of the 4th Quarter of

2015 (categorized according to program or provisioning of services).

Barangay Program Projects Amount

Appropriation

Amount

Disbursed

%

Completion

Salvacion General

Public

Services

(20%

2011 and

2013)

Improvement of

water system (So.

Narukan)

300 (20%

2011)

148.9 49.65%

Solid Waste

Management

Program

550 (20%

2013)

359.8 65.42%

Rehabilitation/

Improvement of

barangay roads

100 (20%

2013)

100 100%

Social

Services

(20%

2013)

Purchase of lot

intended for

municipal

cemetery

extension

1,500 (20%

2013)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Construction of

Multi- purpose

building

350 (20%

2013)

351.9 100%

Construction of

Municipal Health

Office (LGU

counterpart phase

I)

500 (20%

2013)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Senior Citizen

Social Center

100 (20%

2013)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Economic

Services

(20%

2013)

Construction of

Busuanga

Convention

Center (Phase

IV)

6,200 (20%

2013)

5,191.6 83.74%

General

Public

Services

Construction of

fish port Phase I

(LGU

counterpart)

1,500 (20%

2014)

1,499.8 99.99%

Page | 74


Appropriation

Amount

Disbursed

%

Completion

(20%

2014)

Rehabilitation/

Improvement of

waste system

(LGU

counterpart)

225.0 (20%

2014)

224.7 99.85%

Farmers’ Store

and Small Farm

Irrigation (LGU

counterpart)

84.0 (20%

2014) and 60.0

(20% 2014)

16.1 and 60.0 19.16% and

100%

Economic

Services

(20%

2014)

Construction of

Busuanga

Convention

Center Phase V

6,000 (20%

2014)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Concreting of

Roxas St.

Extension

900 (20%

2014)

899.2 99.92%

Construction/

Openning of

Enero St.

Extension

400 (20%

2014)

60.0 15.00%

Rehabilitation/

Repair (Hi-Way-

So. Kanyogan)

600 (20%

2014)

90.0 14.99%

Social

Services

(20%

2014)

Salvacion Peak

View Deck

1,500 (20%

2014)

1,500 Fund

transmitted

to Province

under Inter-

LGU

Alliance

program

*Acquisition of

Purchase of 1-

unit Compactor

Garage Truck

1,200 (20%

2014)

1,198.4 99.86%

*Solid Waste

Management

Program

600 (20%

2014)

301.1 50.20%

*Additional Fund

for purchase of

lot for Municipal

cemetery

extension

1,926.9 (20%

2014)

Not Yet

Implemented

0.00%

*Installation of

solar street lights

500 (20%

2014)

500.0 99.98%

Social

Services

*improvement of

Multi- purpose

bldg. (Salvacion

150 (20%

2015)

150 100%

Page | 75


Appropriation

Amount

Disbursed

%

Completion

(20%

2015)

National High

School)

*Construction of

Multi- purpose

bldg.; installation

of solar street

light (Salvacion

Elementary

School)

500 (20%

2015); 500

(20% 2015)

500; 74.9 100%;

14.98%

Market

Development;

Rehabilitation/

Construction of

barangay roads

(LGU

counterpart)

1,019,191.20

(20% 2015);

2,500 (20%

2015)

1,018.8;

2,500

99.96%;

fund

transferred

to province

Solid waste

management;

National

Greening

Program;

Construction of

Drainage Gutter

and Curbs

(Quezon St.

Salvacion)

2,000 (20%

2015); 75

(20% 2015);

3,300 (20%

2015)

66.5; Not yet

implemented;

3,300

Inter LGU-

Alliance;

0.00%;

Fund

Transfer to

Province

(Inter LGU

Alliance)

Maglalambay General

Public

Services

(20%

2011 and

2013)

Rehabilitation/

Improvement of

Barangay Roads

100 (20%

2013)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Panlaitan Social

Services

(20%

2015)

Construction of

BHS birthing

facility with

equipment

700 (20%

2015)

Not yet

implemented

0.00%

Municipal

Wide

Economic

Services

(20%

2013)

Fishery/

Agriculture

Program

450 (20%

2013)

427.7 95.00%

Economic

Services

(20%

2014)

Fishery/

Agriculture

Program

450 (20%

2014)

388.6 86.37%

Social

Services

(20%

2015)

Aid to 14

barangays;

700 (20%

2015);

700; 100%;

Page | 76

Source: Municipal Planning Development Office, 2015

From this report, the municipality still yet to provide the following services;

General Public Services

- Rehabilitation/ Improvement of Barangay Roads in Maglalambay

Social Services

- Purchase of lot intended for municipal cemetery extension, construction of Municipal

Health Office (LGU counterpart phase I), Senior Citizen Social Center, National

Greening Program, construction of Barangay Health Station (BHS) birthing facility with

equipment in Panlaitan

Economic Services

- Construction of Busuanga Convention Center Phase V

Remarks:

Projects strengthening the agricultural sector of the municipality include the

establishment of farmers’ store and small farm irrigation (LGU counterpart) in Barangay

Salvacion (project under municipal program providing general public services), and the

municipal wide implementation of the Fishery/ Agriculture Program (municipal program

providing economic service).

Meanwhile, social services prioritized by the administration include the provision

of financial aid to 14 barangays, development of market in the municipality realized to

supplement 8.44% of households involved in wholesaling and retailing (as identified in the

2014 CBMS), implementation of Solid Waste Management Program (transferred to

province under inter- LGU Alliance program), the installment of solar street lights in

Salvacion with 99.98% completion, rehabilitation and construction of Salvacion Peak View

Deck (transferred to province under inter- LGU Alliance program) attributed with realized

potential for tourism development, and construction of drainage gutter and curbs in Quezon

St., Salvacion (transferred to province under inter- LGU Alliance program).

In terms of general public services, construction of fish port and rehabilitation of

barangay roads in Salvacion were accomplished.

Report on Utilization of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund

Sources of Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund (DRRMF) include current

and continuing appropriations, and previous year’s appropriations transferred to Special

Trust Fund; there are no transfers or grants comprising this fund. As of 2015, total fund

available was Php 12,332,519.00. The fund came from (1) Php 11,609,136.75 Local

Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund (LDRRMF) (30% Quick Response Fund

(QRF) and 70% Mitigation Fund), (2) Php 395,000.00 LGU fund, and (3) Php 328,382.25

coming from other sources of fund. (Accounting Office, 2015)

In the past year, Php 1,764,938.65 (20%) of the Mitigation Fund, Php 395,000

(100%) of the LGU fund, and Php 270,203.00 (82%) of other sources of fund were utilized;

over all, 20% of the available fund was used. Expenses covered purchase of Disaster Risk

Page | 77

Reduction (DRR) supplies and equipment, operating expenses, LGU counterpart to

International Labour Organization (ILO) and Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA)

projects. (Accounting Office, 2015)

Bottom-Up- Budgeting

Discussed in Table 49 are projects under 2015 Bottom-Up-Budgeting (BUB) of the

Municipality of Busuanga. Of the list of projects approved, it can be deduced that poverty

reduction strategy of the administration had focused on capacitating the agriculture,

tourism, health, and environmental sector.

Table 49. List of Bottom-Up-Budgeting projects approved by LPRAT for the year 2015.

Name of project Total Project

Cost (Php)

Budget

Requested

from NGAS

(Php)

LGU

Counterpart

(Php)

Agency Project

Status

1. Construction of

Fish Port(PhaseII)

5,500,000.00 5,000,000.00 500,000.00 DA Ongoing

2. Improvement of

Marine Protected

Areas (MPAs)

1,650,000.00 1,500,000.00 150,000.00 DA Not yet

implemented

3. Establishment of

Marine Protected

Areas (MPAs)

550,000.00 500,000.00 50,000.00 DA Not yet

implemented

4. Purchase of

Tractor

550,000.00 500,000.00 50,000.00 DA Not yet

implemented

Construction of

Salvacion Peak/

Viewdeck

2,200,000.00 2,000,000.00 200,000.00 DOT Not yet

implemented

5. Busuanga River

Cruise (Phase I)

4,495,600.00 3,996,000.00 499,600.00 DOT Not yet

implemented

6. Rural Health

Midwife

Placement

Program

554,400.00 504,000.00 50,400.00 DOH Not yet

implemented

7. National Greening

Program

1,100,000.00 1,000,000.00 100,000.00 DENR Not yet

implemented

Total: 16,600,000.00 15,000,000.00 1,600,000.00

Source: MPDO, 2015

These projects cost a total of P 16,600,000.00. Of which Php 15,000,000.00

(90.36%) will be shouldered by Non- Government Agencies (NGAs) and Php 1,600,000.00

(9.64%) by the LGU. Agencies which should help administer and finance these projects

include the Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Tourism (DOT), Department

of Health (DOH), and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). As

of this year, the construction of fish port (Phase II) is the only ongoing project.

Budget allotment for other environmental obligations in 2015

Page | 78

Of the Php 1,855,360.00 allotted for the municipality’s environmental obligations,

Php 873,600.00 (47.09%) was utilized for the implementation of Clean and Green Program,

Php 509,600.00 (27.47%) for Solid Waste Management Program, Php 372,160.00

(20.05%) for ECAN PROGRAM, and Php 100,000.00 (5.39%) for the revision of

Municipal Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan. (Budget Office, 2015).

5.5 Inventory of Resolution/ Ordinances

Table 50 shows the resolutions/ ordinances passed by the legislative body in

Busuanga, Palawan. These resolutions/ ordinances were then tallied per development

sector.

Table 50. Tally of the number of resolutions/ ordinances passed or enacted in the recent

term of the municipality’s legislative body; categorized according to sector.

Sector 2013 2014 2015

Social 16 33 28

Economic 6 9 3

Infrastructural 1 11 9

Institutional 21 30 20

Environment 5 11 7

Total 49 94 67 Source: Office of the Secretary to the Sanggunian

There were 210 resolutions/ ordinances were enacted within the past term of the

municipal legislative body. In 2013, most number of resolutions/ ordinances concerned the

institutional sector- there were 21 resolutions/ ordinances made. Meanwhile, in 2014 and

2015, there had been more resolutions/ ordinances endorsed for the social sector- there were

33 resolution/ ordinances made in 2014, while 28 resolution/ ordinances in 2015.

5.6 LGU- CSO Private Sector Linkages

Table 51 shows LGU- CSO Private Sector Linkages present in the municipality.

Among identified Civic Society Organizations (CSO) coordinating with the municipality,

the social sector with 10 CSOs had the most number of CSO working hand in hand with

the LGU; it is followed by the economic, infrastructural, and environmental sector

respectively.

Table 51. List of Local Government Unit (LGU) officials and

Civic Society Organization (CSO) leaders

Local Government Unit Civic Society Organization

Municipal Mayor/ Chairperson

Samuel A. De Jesus, Sr.

Municipal Engineer

Mr. Edilberto D. Gatchalian

KALIPI President

Mrs. Alicia G. Selestra

4Ps Parent Leader

Ms. Elsa Noria

Page | 79


Municipal Assessor

Mr. Efren V. Ladica

MDRRM Officer

Mr. Segundo E. Aguilar

Municipal Planning

Development Coordinator

Mr. Marlo M. Dagomboy

ICO- Municipal Treasurer

Mr. Marlo B. Friolo

Municipal Link

Mr. Jeomar L. Gaddao

Ms. Helen Grace Delos Reyes

Municipal Health Officer

Dr. Lesaldeo Moses R. Princesa

MLGOO

Mr. Daniel Florida

Comm. On Appro.

Hon. Tommy C. Cruz

Municipal PESO

Ms. Elinita E. Gabarda

Municipal Budget Officer

Ms. Aida O. Dominguez

Municipal Agriculturist

Ms. Maria Theresa T. Rabe

MSWDO

Ms. Divina Garcia R. Dulce

Municipal Civil Registrar

Ms. Elsie H. Rodriguez

Municipal Accountant

Ms. Eunice G. Tibudan

Principal/ DepEd us. District

Ms. Sofia D. Villareal

ECOFISH/Area Coordinator

Ms. Vivien Facunla

BOWASA (Bogtong)

Mr. Darwin F. Macanas

BCM Chairman

Mr. Roy D. Dabuit

Ocam-ocam Farmers Association

Mr. Joemael Macmac

PAYAPACA/ So. Calauit

Buluang

Mr. Fredel Mued

UNAKA Association (Bogtong)

Mr. Randy C. Nadado

PTA/ SNHS

Mr. Maria Ana D. Mercado

Sagrada Farmer’s Association

Mr. Felimon Rodiguez

PASICMIDA/ Panlaitan

Mr. Mayolito Curba

Kapit- Bisig Farmers Association

Mr. Israel Maambong

SRWA Manager

Ms. Assuncion E. Aguilar

BUWASA (Buluang)

Mr. Ruben Factuar

KAMALAY President

Mr. Kenneth Austria

BSPMC- KALAHI CIDDS

National Community Driven

Development Program (KC-

NCDDP)

Ms. Jessamine May Catiil

Page | 80


Principal/ Salvacion National

Highschool

Ms. Evelyn B. Nadado

OIC Chief of Police

Mr. Dhenies Acosta

LIGA President

Hon. Benjamin Alarcon

CIDDS National Community

Driven Development Program

(KC- NCDDP)

Dennis T. Jagmis PTA/ SNHS

Source: MPDO

Page | 81

6. Transect Mapping

Land Use Mountain,

Coastal Residential/ Coastal Residential (proper)

Small Residential

area/ wooden

brushland

Forest/

Agricultural

GPS Location/ elevation 12.08683

119.93444

12.08368

119.93587

12.08370 12.08612

119.93766 119.94223

12.08694 12.08662

119.94385 119.94721

12.08674

119.94892

12.08732

12.08878

119.95050

119.95104

Distance (300 steps * 0.63) 600=378 m 1200= 756 m 900=567 m 300= 189 m 300=189 m

Zones Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use

Vegetation/ Dominant plant

species

buho, siklat,

banana,

kamoteng kahoy, coconut,

mango, banana, doldol,

pagatpat, tandol, talaba,

danggit, samaral, tarawis,

coconut, mangoro,

pagatpat, bangkuro,

mangroves, Geteb island

(mountain), lunihan,

tursilyo

cat tail, guyabano, santol,

mango, coconut, palm, tisa,

siklat, buho, bunga, star

apple, banana, pineapple,

tamarind, narra, acacia,

hagunoy, olibak, kakwate,

duhat, papaya, anahaw,

banaba

badyang, buho,

siklat, acacia, dulo,

sahing, kasuy, narra,

Acapulco

banana, (punong

kahoy), sahing

(dagta), bunga,

acacia, badyang,

coconut, palay,

jack fruit,

pineapple, coconut,

gabi, sagulilong

Page | 82

Land Use Mountain,


Small Residential

area/ wooden

brushland

Forest/

Agricultural

Types of Housing Pawid pawid, (including rescue

operation houses from Red

Cross), concrete (some

mixed with pawid) houses

pawid and concrete

houses (some

concrete houses are

mixed with pawid)

houses (mixed

concrete and

pawid)

Services/ Establishments Resort electricity lines, fish port,

ice plant

sari- sari stores, barangay

hall/ court, electricity lines,

church, water system,

Barangay Health Station

(BHS),

electricity lines electricity lines

Animals bee eater chicken, Barangkas/ horse

shoe crab (IUCN Red Data

List)

chicken, dog, , little egret,

crow, poultry (pig), cat,

goat

egret, chicken,

dog, tilapia

Problem/ Threats erosion (side rail) habagat, Barangkas/ horse

shoe crab (IUCN Red Data

List)

Page | 83

Land Use Mountain,


Small Residential

area/ wooden

brushland

Forest/

Agricultural

Strengths/ Opportunities bird watching motorboat, dried fish, sea

grass

road access, Barangay

Bugtong Bantay Dagat,

poultry (chicken), vegetable

backyard gardening, Red

Cross funding, vegetable

farming, poultry (pig),

CBNR boating brigade,

kaingin farming, boat

making

fish pond (tilapia),

poultry (chicken)

Infrastructures roads, side rails BOWASA CBNR Bogtong Bridge,

Roads

Roads, Domoyong

Bridge

roads

Others Ilog ng Bogtong Ilog ng Bogtong

Figure 14. Transect Map of Barangay Bogtong, Busuanga, Palawan

Page | 84

Mountain/Coastal

The transect map took place in barangay Bogtong in which 80%-90% of the

community are engaged to fishing. The ecosystems identified in the first two points are:

mountain (left) and coastal (right) ecosystem. Dominant plant species seen as the transect

line was being traversed were buho, siklat, and banana, while bee eater was observed.

Currently, there is an on-going road construction in the mountain affecting the travel time

of vehicles (longer travel time) and causing erosion. There were no housing units in the

area, but a resort by the transect line. It also has potentials for bird watching activities.

Residential/Coastal

Dominant plant species observed on the way were kamoteng kahoy, coconut,

mango, banana, doldol, pagatpat, tandol, talaba, danggit, samara, tarawis, mangoro,

bangkuro, mangroves, lunihan, and tursilyo. Animals such as chicken, barangkas (horse

shoe crab) were present in the area. The horse shoe crab is considered as an endangered

species; it is included in the IUCN Red Data List. Traversing the transect line, waiting shed

(concrete) and houses made of pawid, and a portion of the mangrove area were observed.

Electricity lines, disks for cable television service, fish port, and an ice plant (Geteb Island)

are also found around the area. Moreover, presence of fisher folk association, motorboats,

drying of fish, and lambat making are identified opportunities in the area. Meanwhile,

livelihood of fishermen are threatened because there had been considerable decrease in fish

catch caused by habagat.

Residential (Proper)

This portion of the transect line is where most of the houses and infrastructures in

the barangay is situated. Settlements lie on both sides of the main highway. Houses in the

area are made out of concrete materials while others are mixed with pawid. These include

rescue operation houses funded by Red Cross (houses made of pawid). Vegetation which

were observed in the area include fruit trees such as guyabano, santol, mango, coconut, star

apple, banana, pineapple, tamarind, duhat, and papaya and other plants such as bamboo,

anahaw, banaba, cat tail, palm, tisa, siklat (buho),bunga, narra, acacia, hagunoy, olibak,

and kakwate. Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs, little egret, crow, pigs, cats, and

goats are also found in the area. Moreover, sari- sari stores, a barangay hall, basketball

court, electricity lines, church, water system, and a Barangay Health Station (BHS) were

traversed along the transect. Aside from the main highway, the Bogtong River traverses the

transect line, and is where the Bogtong bridge is located. Strengths or opportunities that it

offers include the following: It has access to road services; established the Barangay

Bugtong Bantay Dagat; livelihood opportunities to offer such as poultry farming (chicken)

and livestock production (pigs); backyard vegetable gardens; a CBNR boating brigade;

kaingin farming; poultry (chicken), vegetable backyard gardening; and boat making as one

of their sources of livelihood.

Small Residential Area

In the small residential area of the barangay, houses located in either side of the

road are made of materials such as pawid, and concrete; these houses are serviced with

Page | 85

electricity. Plant species such as badyang, buho, siklat, acacia, narra, dulo, sahing (dagta

used as fuel and material for rubber making), acapulco, kasuy are also present in the area.

Moreover, before the entry to the forest ecosystem, Ilog ng Bogtong and Domoyong Bridge

is found.

Forest and Agricultural Area

Beside the forest area (left side of the transect line), there are agricultural fields

(right side of the transect line) being cultivated for palay production. Residents in this area

live in houses made up of concrete and pawid; settlements in the area also avail electric

services and get domestic water supply from the barangay’s watershed (hoses are

dominantly used by the community in outsourcing water for domestic use). Animals found

in the area are egret, dog, and chicken, while dominant plant species found in the area are

banana, sahing, bunga, acacia, badyang, coconut, jack fruit, pineapple, coconut, gabi,

sagulilong, and palay. Meanwhile, opportunities in the forest area, include cultivation of

palay, tilapia raising (fish ponds), and poultry chicken.

The transect line comprised of the mountain/coastal, residential/coastal, residential

(proper), small residential area, forest/agricultural area is located in the multiple use zone

area of barangay Bogtong. It was found out that the activities in the area do not deter the

environment, since activities performed is in accordance with the delineated ECAN zone.

A multiple use zone is defined as “areas where the landscape has been modified for

different forms of land use such as intensive timber extraction, grazing and pastures,

agriculture and infrastructures development (PCSDS).” According to PCSD activities in

the area may include any of the following: “timber extraction with community-based forest

management; grazing and pastures; agriculture; infrastructure and industrial development;

recreation; education; research; and other sustainable activities.”

Page | 86

CHAPTER 3: MAJOR STEPS IN THE ECAN PLAN

PREPARATION

The ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) is designed to be strategic and

practical. It is composed of programs, guidelines and strategies for each municipally-

adopted ECAN zones. Discussed below are the key parts of the plan.

A. Ecological Profiling

Ecological Profile includes both socio-economic and biophysical profiles of the

municipality; more than determining the resources available in the area, the current status

of a municipality among its development sectors are also being analyzed. In profiling, (1)

geophysical/environment, (2) population and social, (3) local economy, (4) infrastructure

and (5) institutional sectors were included.

Secondary data were used by the practicum team in order to formulate the

Ecological Profile of the Municipality. Necessary information needed for analysis and

representation of each development sector of the municipality were obtained from plans

and documents such as the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Comprehensive

Development Plan (CDP), Local Development Investment Plan (LDIP), Community-Based

Monitoring System (CBMS), Socio-Economic Profile (SEP), Annual Investment Plan

(AIP), Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS); MAO, MPDO, Licensing Office,

MHO, Budget Office, MDDRM Office, Engineering Office, Legislative Office, and

Tourism Office have provided these data. Moreover, using ARC Map, maps were also

generated by the practicum team using; existing thematic maps from the PCSD and LGU

were utilized.

B. Participatory Resource Mapping

The conduct of the Participatory Resource Mapping, also known as the Community-

Based Resource Mapping, was used to integrate the spatial knowledge of the residents in

the municipality. Participants of this activity were representatives from its municipal

barangays- particularly, barangay captains, secretaries, and councilors. With three clusters

of municipal barangays, four to five barangays per day have attended the three- day activity.

Besides generating maps which helped identify and locate land and coastal

resources, traditional knowledge and practices, political boundaries, proposed and

approved ancestral domains, it also became effective in documenting opportunities and

threats in the locale- to its municipally- adopted ECAN Zones. To have a deeper analysis

of the municipality’s ECAN Zones, these resource maps and the existing ECAN Zone map

of the municipality were overlayed. This have determined and assessed the existing

situation and concerns relevant to the municipality’s ECAN Zones.

C. Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Framework Analysis

DPSIR Framework Analysis was used to integrate results of ecological profiling,

participatory resource mapping, KII, and stocktaking interviews; more than identifying

Page | 87

existing pressures (problems) and their drivers, the current state and impact of these

pressures as well as responses and proposed actions to these pressures were identified. In

doing this analysis, threats per ECAN zone were classified, analyzed, and validated through

research, while solutions solving these problems/issues were formulated with information

gathered through interviews and research.

D. Participatory ECAN Planning Workshop

The ECAN Planning Workshop, headed by PCSD, was attended by participants

from different barangays and offices in the municipality. Besides validating primary and

secondary data used by the practicum team, participatory planning activity was done.

Through a break-out session, participants which were divided into groups have

administered formulating and prioritizing adaptable plans of action for the threats identified

in each ECAN zones; results on ecological profiling, participatory resource mapping, and

DPSIR framework analysis have guided the said activity.

Overall, results generated from ecological profiling, participatory resource

mapping, DPSIR analysis and ECAN planning workshop were collated by the practicum

team in order to formulate the ERMP.

Page | 88

CHAPTER 4: THE ECAN ZONING STATEGY

A. Components of the ECAN Zones

In order to sustainably manage land and water resources, ECAN zoning as

a strategy was employed in the province of Palawan. SEP law, in its strategy, have

identified three components with respective ECAN Zones delineating their use and function

(SEP law and PCSD Resolution 05- 250). The strategy is inclusive of the following;

1.) Terrestrial Component:

1.1 Core zone

1.2 Buffer zone (The Buffer zone is further subdivided into three sub-zones:

Restricted use area, Controlled use area, and Traditional use area)

1.3 Multiple use zone

2.) Coastal/ Marine Component

2.1 Coastal/Marine Core zone

2.2 Coastal/Marine Multiple use zone (The Coastal/ Marine use zones are further

divided into two sub-zones: Transition/Buffer zone and Sustainable/General use zone)

3.) Tribal Ancestral Land (encompassing both land and water resources and

transcending all zones)

B. Criteria and Parameters in the Delineation of the ECAN Zones

In implementing the ECAN zoning strategy, delineation of its land and water

resources are guided by various considerations. These include elevation, slope, land cover,

habitat of endangered species, critical watershed for land resources; mangrove cover, coral

cover, seagrass cover, reef fish density, sightings of dugongs and other marine mammals

for coastal resources; and cultural considerations for tribal resources. Details of these

criteria (considerations) are shown in the Tables 54 & 55.

Page | 89

Table 52. Criteria for delineation of land resources into the different zones.

ECAN zone Description Elevation Land cover Slope Habitat Others

Core zone Area of maximum

protection

> 1,000 m Virgin forest or

primary growth

forest

> 50 %

(> 26.57

degrees)

Critically

threatened/endanger

ed habitats and

habitats of rare

endangered species

or habitat of local

endemic species of

flora and fauna

Other areas which

may be identified and

designated by the

Council

Buffer zone -

Restricted use

Generally surrounds

the Core zone and

provides a

protective barrier;

Critical watersheds

which were

identified, classified

or declared as such

by the government

500 to 1,000

m

Poor, stunted

and sparse

stands of semi-

deciduous forest

which has a low

regeneration

capacity

36-50 %

(19.80-26.57

degrees)

Areas designated as

biodiversity

hotspots and highly

threatened by

human activities

based on scientific

studies

In areas where the

criteria of elevation,

slope, or critical

watershed do not

apply, a 200-meter

belt in the mainland

and 100-meter belt in

the islands

surrounding the Core

zone

Buffer zone -

Controlled use

Encircles and

provides the outer

barrier to the Core

zone and Restricted

use zone

300 to

500 m

19-35 %

(10.20-19.80

degrees)

Areas within the

criteria of the

Restricted use zone

where there is a

community

Buffer zone -

Traditional use

Edges of intact

forests where

traditional land use

is already stabilized

is being stabilized

Open, brushland

or grassland

areas that are

still classified as

timberland or

public land with

elevation below

300 meters

> 18% slope

(> 10.20

degrees) AND

below 300

meters

elevation

All other areas with

elevation below 300

meters

Page | 90

ECAN zone Description Elevation Land cover Slope Habitat Others

Multiple use zone Areas where the

landscape has been

modified for

different forms of

land use such as

intensive timber

extraction, grazing

and pastures,

agriculture and

infrastructures

development

Built-up or

settlement areas

located in

lowlands (less

than 18% slope)

< 18% slope

(< 10.20

degrees) AND

below 300

meters

elevation

Areas classified as

Alienable and

Disposable lands

Page | 91

Table 53 Delineation of water resources into the different zones.

ECAN zone General

description

Criteria

Coastal/Marine

core zone

This area shall be

designated free

from any human

activity. This

includes

sanctuaries for

rare and

endangered

species, selected

coral reefs,

seagrass and

mangrove

ecosystem

reserves.

1. Coral reefs with good to excellent coral

cover condition or 50%-100% coral cover

2. Coralline sites containing at least 50% of

coral genera found in the management

unit of live coral cover ranging from 25-

50%

3. Seagrass beds serving as link habitat of

the coral core zones and/or providing

habitat to rare, threatened and endangered

species

4. Seagrass beds with at least 50% cover of

more than one species of seagrass

5. Seagrass beds with sightings or feeding

tracks of Dugong dugon

6. Coastal/marine habitat of endangered

species declared by IUCN or CITES, DA

or DENR or the PCSD

7. Primary growth mangrove areas and all

areas with standing mangrove forest

cover except areas allocated for MSA,

CBMFMA, ISF and FLA

8. Fish sanctuaries, spawning areas, nursery

areas, breeding/feeding grounds, etc.,

identified/declared by PCSD, Bureau of

Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

or under local government zoning

ordinance

Coastal/Marine

multiple use

zone

The multiple use zones are other coastal/marine areas outside of the

core areas where compatible resource uses may be carried out. The

multiple use zone shall further be subdivided into two major sub-zones

(described below): the buffer zone and the sustainable (general) use

zone.

Coastal/Marine

multiple use zone

-

Transition/Buffer

zone

1. Uninhabited islands or undeveloped

portions thereof not subject to private

rights shall be classified as transition

zone except when identified/declared as

ancestral coastal/marine waters

2. Uninhabited islands or islets with an area

of less than 500 hectares

3. Degraded small islands with an area of

less than 500 hectares

4. Released areas for fishpond development

which were utilized and abandoned

including those not utilized for 5 years

from the date of the release

5. Degraded habitats of endangered marine

species

6. Denuded mangrove forest

Page | 92

ECAN zone General

description

Criteria

7. Areas identified as contributing to

important ecological processes such as

spawning, nursery areas,

breeding/feeding grounds that otherwise

could have been classified as coastal-

marine core zone but during the approval

of these guidelines, these areas are

occupied or have been released by virtue

of existing laws or due to inappropriate

management of local coastal marine

areas. These areas shall be maintained for

their existing use or a phase-out strategy

shall be implemented in these areas

reverting them to their natural state or for

their appropriate uses. No further

development, growth or expansion shall

be allowed in these areas to encourage

habitat enhancement or maintenance of

the resource to increase production level

or ecosystem maintenance

Coastal/Marine

multiple use zone

- Sustainable/

General use zone

It is the development area of the coastal/marine

zone where different compatible and sustainable

development activities may be carried out. The

zone shall cover all coastal/marine areas not

classified/delineated as core zone, buffer zone

and ancestral coastal/marine waters. The LGU, if

it so desires, may further classify/divide this zone

into the following sub-zones: Communal Fishing

Ground, Tourism Development Area, Visitor Use

Area, Sustainable Development Area and etc.

C. Allowable Activities in the ECAN Zones

The ECAN Zones Management Guidelines’ main function is to define the allowable

activities and prohibited uses of both land and aquatic resources geographically and

spatially. This shall help in enabling strategies for conservation and protection of

environment and natural resources from destructive and unsustainable uses.

Table 54 shows the allowable and prohibited activities/uses in accordance to the

ECAN Zone classification based on the SEP law and PCSDS resolutions. It will serve as

guide of the Municipality of Busuanga in managing and updating the various ECAN zones

present in the municipality.

Page | 93

Table 54. Allowable Activities in the Terrestrial and Coastal ECAN Zones

Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management

zone

Terrestrial Core Zone None, except for:

(i) traditional uses of tribal communities for

minimal and soft impact gathering of forest

species for ceremonial and religious purposes, and

(ii) Ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution

06-270.

Buffer Zone-

Restricted Use

Zone

Limited and non-consumptive activities which

include: gathering of wild honey; almaciga

tapping; soft-impact recreational activities (hiking,

sight-seeing, bird watching); research; sustainable

activities of indigenous peoples; ecosystem

restoration or rehabilitation; and ecotourism

activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270.

Buffer Zone-

Restricted Use

Zone

Strictly controlled mining; strictly controlled

logging which is not for profit (i.e., communal

forest, CBFM, etc.); almaciga tapping; tourism

development;

Research; grazing; gathering of honey, rattan, and

other minor forest products.

Buffer Zone-

Traditional Use

Zone

Upland stabilization program; Catchment

management; Hillside farming; industrial tree

plantation; reforestation; integrated social forestry;

community-based forest management.

Multiple Use

Zone

Timber extraction with community-based forest

management; grazing and pastures; agriculture;

Infrastructure and industrial development;

recreation; education; research; and other

sustainable activities.

Coastal/

Marine

Coastal/Marine

core zone

None, except for:

navigation purposes of the local fishing

communities where there are no alternative routes;

emergency situations such as navigational routes

to save life and property;

researches previously authorized by PCSD; and

ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-

270.

Coastal/Marine

multiple use

zone –

Transition/Buffer

zone

Habitat restoration, rehabilitation and

enhancement activities;

soft-impact activities (swimming/snorkeling; non-

motored boating (row boats, kayaks, canoes, wind

surfing, etc.);

guided scuba diving;

Page | 94

Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management

zone

fishing using highly-selected gears (i.e., hook &

line and gill net) with specification to be

determined by studies;

pre-approved visit or educational activities;

installation of environmental information boards);

and resource enhancement activities.

Coastal/Marine

multiple use

zone –

Sustainable/

General use zone

All sustainable human activities, with certain

development endeavors subject to the EIA system

and to other policies regulating development

projects.

Tribal

ancestral

lands

Tribal ancestral

zone

Activities based on the material and cultural needs

of the indigenous peoples.

Source: PCSD Resolution No. 05-250

Page | 95

CHAPTER 5: PARTICIPATORY RESOURCE MAPPING

Participatory Resource Mapping (PRM) was an effective technique that utilized the

local knowledge of the community in mapping out their environment. It was a powerful

tool that allows every sector of the locality from every barangay to represent them spatially,

bringing their local knowledge and perspectives to the attention of the government

authorities and decision makers. It was based on the premise that the locals possessed expert

knowledge of their community. PRM was used to create maps that represent different

elements present in their community as it helps identifying and locating land and

coastal/marine resources, traditional knowledge and practices, political boundaries,

proposed and approved ancestral domains etc. This methodology has also been effective in

documenting opportunities and threats in the areas concerned.

In the subject of ECAN Resource Management Planning, resource maps were

analyzed through the process of overlaying it with the ECAN Zone Map of the

municipality. This process became significant in validating the existing ECAN Zone Map.

The goal of the PRM was to generate resource maps as is one of the expected major

inputs to an ECAN Zoning Plan through the conduct of ERMP. The generated maps are

expected to be helpful in the formulating actions and programs in the ECAN Resource

Management Planning as it provides substantial and supplemental information to the

DPSIR Analysis.

The specific objectives of PRM are the following:

1. To identify resources, threats and opportunities, present in the

Municipality

2. To locate the pressures identified in the DPSIR Analysis

3. To aid in the updating of ECAN Zones of the municipality through

validating if the resources present in the zones still comply with their

zoning classification

The conduct of participatory resource mapping was attended by representatives,

specifically Barangays Chairman, secretaries, barangay councilors, from each of the

barangays of the Busuanga municipality. For the convenience of the activity, the practicum

team clustered the barangays into three, four to five barangays per day of the activity. The

information gathered from the activity was validated on the last day of PRM and it was

attended by representatives from the LGU.

Figure 15. Methodological Framework of Participatory Resource Mapping

Conduct of Participatory

Resouce Mapping

Digitize Resource Maps

Overlay Resource Maps

and ECAN Zones Map

Analysis and Integration to DPSIR and

ERMP

Page | 96

With the base maps provided by the PCSD, the team asked the representatives to

map out the land and coastal resources available in their respective barangays They were

also asked to identify and locate the threats and opportunities in the area. The raw maps

made by the representatives were digitized into resource maps by the team through the use

of Arc GIS. The generated map of Busuanga is shown in Figure 16.

To have a deeper analysis, the resource maps and ECAN Zone map of Busuanga

municipality were overlayed as shown in Figures 17 and 18. Also this method was used to

integrate the threats and opportunities in their respective zones and to analyse whether or

not there are existing problems to the zones.

Page | 97

Figure 16. Resource Map of Busuanga Municipality

Page | 98

Figure 17. Busuanga ECAN Resource Overlay Map of Busuanga Municipality

Page | 99

Figure 18. Sample Barangay showing the ECAN Overlay Resource Map with threats and opportunities

Page | 100

Table 55. ECAN Matrix showing the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the zones present in the municipality ECAN ZONES TERRESTRIAL

CORE ZONE RESTRICTED CONTROLLED TRADITIONAL TERRESTRIAL MULTIPLE

USE ZONE COASTAL MULTIPLE

USE ZONE COASTAL CORE ZONE

RESOURCES Forest, Mangroves, Agricultural land, Sea grass, white ssand, safari, brushland, crop plantation, cave, endemic flora and fauna

Forest, Watershed, Brushland, Grassland, Restricted, Resort

Forest, Mountain, Limestone Forest, Brushland, Resort,

Forest, Rice field Forest, Cropland, Residential, Resorts, Rice field, Whitesand Beaches, Brushland, Mangroves, Waterfalls, Mountain, Grassland, Watershed, Nipa Plantation, Open Barren Land, Fish Port

Fishing Grounds, Resort, Pearl Farms, Seaweeds, Sea cucumber, sea urchin, squid, fishes

MPA, reef, White sand, Fishing Grounds, Resort, Mangroves, Endagered species (sea cow/dugong, seagrass)

OPPORTUNITIES Livelihood Opportunities: Yantok, Buho, Kawayan, Seagrass, mangroves), Tourism (Safari), Driftwoods, Regulations for Forest Conservation

Water source, Establishment of Rural Watershed System

Sustainable timber extraction

Kaingin (source of livelihood and income)

Presence of primary to teriary education, Pawn Shop, Cell sites, Commercial Establishment, Religious Institutions, Tourism (waterfalls, resort, diving sites),Disaster/Climate Change Prevention, Livelihood (coconut, buho, nipa, papaya, vegetables, rice), Weaving from buho,Bird’s Nest (Balinsasayaw), Livestock Production (pig, goat), Financial support of Red Cross for Poultry, Gravel and Sand Extraction, Lodging Houses, Support of MAO in the Provision of Insecticides, Alternative Livelihood (Vegetable farming from DSWD)

Seaweed Farming, Use of baklad, Livelihood (Tourism), Voluntary Financial Assistance from Pearl Farm, Pangangawil, Breeding grounds for fishes, crabs, and other aquatic creatures

Ecotourism, Research, Small Scale Fishing, Presence of Dugong, Pawikan, Corals, Regulations on MPA, Exisiting Plan for tourism development, Existing Coast Guard and BFAR, Active Participation of Fisher folk, Strong Community Relations for Monitoring

THREATS Kaingin, Wildlife Poaching, Chainsaw, El Nino, Harvesting of Mangroves, Illegal Logging

Forest Fire, Household Water Supply, El Nino, Illegal Logging, Kaingin

Bird’s Nest (balinsasayaw), Illegal Logging, Kaingin Farming, Chainsaw, Terrorism

El Nino Wildfire, El Nino, Improper Solid Waste Management , (Burning of waste), Illegal Logging, Light Material for Housing, Weakened Water Supply, Illegal use of drugs, Insufficient irrigation, Quarry, Kaingin, Improper Drainage System, Vandalism (Port), Intrusion of Wildlife to Residential Areas, Infestation of Black Bug, Charcoal Making

El Nino, Illegal Fishing(cyanide), Use of baklad, Improper Solid Waste Management, Large Fishing Vessles, Use of lambat

Illegal Fishing, Catching of Sea Horse, Charcoal Making

Page | 101

With the process of overlaying the resource maps to the existing ECAN Zones Map,

the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the terrestrial and coastal zone were

identified. It can be seen that some of the natural resources are present in every zone but

there were some that are unique in the specific zones present in the municipality of

Busuanga. The results of the overlay also supplement the drivers and pressure from the

DPSIR Analysis. The threats identified in the DPSIR Analysis were located in the resource

maps generated.

For closer analysis of the maps and the specific resources seen in every barangay,

attached in the Annex are the resource maps and ECAN overlay maps per barangay.

A. Terrestrial Core Zone

In the terrestrial core zones, abundant number of flora and fauna were identified;

among these are species that are endemic to the municipality like the Calamian deer and

Lanete. Core zones were also identified to give the locality small scale livelihood as they

acquire raw materials like Buho and Kawayan. This can also bring potential for ecotourism

as this zone possess a wide range of natural resources and biodiversity. In the current ECAN

Zone map, a wildlife sanctuary located in Calauit Island, that is classified as core zone is

also deemed to bring tourism opportunities to the community. On the other hand, even

though core zones were classified as areas prohibited for consumption and commercial

uses, there were still threats listed such as kaingin, wildlife poaching, timber poaching and

illegal harvesting of mangroves. Also, El Nino and natural disasters were the threats that

are common in all zones.

The major forest resources that are found in most of the terrestrial zones were:

Yakal (Shorea astylosa), Ipil (Intsia bijuga), Narra (Pterocarpus indicus), Natok, Luboy,

Malulumboy, Bintang, Taluto (Pterocymbium tinctorium) , Ironwood, Amorawin, Kandis,

Kukolayan, Bunot-bunot, Kukunigan, Inaldong, Buringa, Rattan (Calameae), Banga, Saling,

Buho (Schizostachyum lumampao), bagtu, I-gid, Kalamping, Dulu, Takut, inyam, Lumboy

(Syzygium cumini), Kasoy (Anacardium occidentale), Mangga (Mangifera indica), Ilmuto,

Guyabano (Annona muricata), Balimbing (Averrhoa carambola), Sampaloc (Tamarindus

indica L.), Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), Ka-mun, Lanete (Wrightia pubescensR.

Br.). While for the fauna, existence of Calamian deer (Hyelaphus calamianensis), Giraffe

(Giraffa camelopardalis), Zebra (Equus quagga), Native wild pig, Bayawak, Snake, Pik-

uy, Parrot, Owl, Monkey, Skunk Balikon, Wild Chicken were found, specifically on core

zones.

B. Terrestrial Resticted Use Zone

Most of the forest resources are the same for most zones, presence of watersheds

that were used as water source for the community were also identified in this area. This is

in line with the allowed activities in this zone however, a few number of resorts were also

noted. This is a conflict with the ECAN Zones Map as such commercial developments are

not allowed in restricted use areas.

Page | 102

C. Terrestrial Controlled Zone

Forest and brushland resources were also the same for this zone however when the

resource maps were overlayed with the ECAN Zone Map, there were some conflicts on

zoning. Limestone forests, which are classified as primary forests must be re-classified

under core zones. In the current ECAN Maps, they were classified under controlled use

zone. Sustainable timber extraction was classified as an opportunity as this zone allows

controlled logging as long as it was not used for large commercial uses. Threats unique to

this zone were illegal harvesting of Balinsasayaw’s nest and terrorism.

D. Terrestrial Traditional Use Zone

The most common resource on traditional use zones aside from the forest were

agricultural resources such as rice fields. The practice of kaingin was identified as an

opportunity in this zone as this small scale agricultural practice was considered a traditional

activity and was mainly used for household consumption. The major threat to this zone is

El Nino for this phenomenon can pose major damage to agricultural crops as well as the

livelihood of those who practices such.

A. Terrestrial Multiple Use Zone

The resources seen in most of the terrestrial zones can also be seen in multiple use

zone, the differences is that these zones have higher concentration of residential areas,

infrastructures and commercial establishments. Most of human activities such as

agriculture, grazing and pasture, infrastructure and industrial development, recreation,

research, education and other sustainable activities are allowed in this zone making

economic, livelihood and tourism opportunities abundant in the area. Threats unique to this

zone are improper solid waste management, insufficient source of water, improper drainage

system, illegal sand and gravel quarrying, intrusion of wildlife to residential areas caused

by illegal logging and infestation of pests to agricultural products.

F. Coastal Multiple Use Zone

Coastal Multiple Use Zones were identified as areas for commercial and tourism

uses. Located in this zones are fishing grounds, resorts and pearl farms. However, a marine

protected area was also present in this zone, this is a conflict with the ECAN Zones Map

as MPA should be under coastal core zones. There are also livelihood and tourism

opportunities in this zone due to the presence of fishing grounds, seaweed farming,

mariculture, use of baklad and resorts. The use of baklad in this zone was also seen as a

threat as it traps marine species such as dugong and pawikan. Other threats to this zone

were illegal fishing such as cyanide, dynamite and presence of large fishing vessels.

Page | 103

G. Coastal Core Zone

Similar with the terrestrial core zone, thare are abundant number of flora and fauna

species among these are endangered species of turtles and dugong. This is brought by the

presence of high seagrass and coral cover in the area. The sightings of dugong and turtles

can open potentials for ecotourism and researches. Even though commercial and tourism

activities are prohibited in this zone, a number of resorts are seen located on some coastal

core zone which is in conflict with the criteria of core zones. The identified opportunities

present or done in coastal core zones are regualations on MPA, plans for tourism

development, existence of coastal guards and active participation of fisher folks for coastal

protection. Threats to coastal core zones are illegal fishing, illegal catching of marine

species such as sea horse and illegal use of mangroves for charcoal making. (Note:The

conflicts identified in specific zones were noted for future validation and updating of ECAN

Zone Map of Busuanga municipality and for program and plan formulation.)

The estimated hectares were calculated by using the geometric calculator feature of

ArcMap. It enabled the practicum team to determine the magnitude of the areas that are

needed to be delineated into their suggested ECAN Zones. It showed that the municipality

of Busuanga has land areas that do not fit into their current classified ECAN Zones,

however some data have not been calculated due to the data available, and there were no

maps available to calculate the estimated hectares of such.

The table shows the barangays in the municipality with existing areas that are not

in conformity with the current ECAN Zoning. These areas have been identified by

overlaying the ECAN map of Busuanga to the generated resource maps. It has been found

out that most conflicts concern the coastal core zone of the municipality, for this zone is

being used as fishing grounds, residential areas, as well as places for building resorts. With

such issues, it has been suggested that most of the concerned zones should be delineated

into multiple use zones.

The current core zone of the Calauit Island is also being raised because of the

existing Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title of the indigenous people residing in the

island. It is suggested that the Calauit Island shall be delineated as a tribal zone in the

municipality.

These results will be used by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

and the Local Government Unit of Busuanga for validating and updating the current

ECAN zones present in the municipality.

Page | 104

H. ECAN Zone Issues

Table 56. Identified issues in the ECAN Zones raised in the Participatory Resource

Mapping

Barangay

Current

ECAN

Zone

Suggested

ECAN

Zone

Conflict/ Issue

Estimated

Hectares

(Ha)

Action

Taken (Accept/

Reject/For

validation) Buluang Controlled Core Limestone forests,

which are

considered as

primary forest, are

located in

controlled use

zone

26.83 For

validation

Calauit Island Core Tribal This area has an

issued CADT

3,940.09 For

validation

Concepcion Multiple

Use

Restricted Watershed located

under Multiple

Use Zone

60.39 For

validation

Maglalambay Core and

Restricted

Multiple Presence of

residential area in

Core Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

New

Busuanga

Multiple

Use

Restricted Watershed located

under Multiple

Use Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

New

Busuanga

Coastal

Core Core

Zone

Multiple

Use Presence of fishing

grounds in Coastal

Core Zone

No

available

coastal

ECAN map

For

validation

Old

Busuanga

Core Zone Multiple

Use Presence of

residential area in

Core Zone

6.27

For

validation

Old Busuanga Coastal

Core Zone

Multiple

Use Presence of resorts

in coastal Core

Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

Quezon Multiple

Use

BPR located in

Multiple Use Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

Quezon Coastal

core zone

Multiple

Use Presence of resort

in Coastal Core

Zone

No

available

coastal

ECAN map

For

validation

Quezon Coastal

Core

MPA Plan to convert

mangrove areas

into protected area

No

available

coastal

ECAN map

For

validation

Sagrada Core Zone Multiple

Use Presence of

residential area in

Core Zone

3.2 For

validation

Salvacion

(Dimipac

Island)

Restricted Controlled

and below Criteria for

restricted zone

For

validation

Page | 105

Barangay

Current

ECAN

Zone

Suggested

ECAN

Zone

Conflict/ Issue

Estimated

Hectares

(Ha)

Action

Taken (Accept/

Reject/For

validation) doesn’t seem to fit

the current zone.

(Slope/Elevation)

Presence of resort

in the area

San Rafael Core Zone Multiple

Use Presence of

residential area in

Core Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

Sto. Nino Restricted

Use

Multiple

Use Presence of

residential area in

Restricted Zone

No

available

map

For

validation

Page | 106

CHAPTER 6: Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Analysis

The DPSIR Framework (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact and Response) was used in

integrating and analyzing the threats present in the municipality. According to Kristensen

(2004), DPSIR framework shows a link between the elements from ‘driving forces’

(economic sectors, human activities) through ‘pressures’ (emissions, waste) to

‘states’(physical, chemical and biological) and ‘impacts’ on ecosystems, human health and

functions eventually leading to political ‘responses’ (prioritisation, target setting,

indicators).

This strategy can help planners and policy makers to develop programs and policies

that will address the problems identified. In this study, PCSDS suggested to include gap

and proposed actions in the matrix in order to have a more in-depth analysis of the problems

identified. The DPSIR matrix was formulated through the compilation of data gathered

from KII and research. The interviews were done by using the field instrument provided by

the PCSDS. The field instrument was designed according to the DPSIR matrix. The

analysis was done per zone.

The DPSIR analysis was used mainly to be able to develop and recommend

programs and projects that will be effective for the local area of interest. These programs

and projects aim to contribute to sustainable development of the municipality. Figure 20

illustrates the framework used in the analaysis.

Specifically, the analysis aims to:

1. Identify the threats/problems in the municipality

2. Identify current initiatives and proposed actions to address the threats

3. Serve as basis of ECAN guidelines, programs, and projects that will be used in the plan

Figure 19. DPSIR Assessment Framework

Page | 107

A. DPSIR Matrices

The succeeding tables are DPSIR matrices for each of the ECAN Zones in the municipality;

Table 57. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Terrestrial)

Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action

Need for food

and extra

income

Wildlife poaching

Decrease in

number

of wildlife species

• Ecological

Imbalance

• Designation of guards

for monitoring

purposes

• Ineffective

monitoring of

guards

• Strengthen implementation of

policies regarding wildlife (e.g.

Wildlife Resources and

Conservation and Protection

Act, RA 9147)

• Conduct IEC campaigns about

the protection of wildlife

• Establish a wildlife protection

unit for a stricter patrolling and

monitoring system/scheme

within the community

• Provide alternative livelihoods

to local communities engaged

in hunting wildlife for food and

trade

• Habitat rehabilitation

Need for food

and livelihood

Unsustainable

agricultural and

forest practices

(Kaingin farming)

• Dried out

streams

• Decrease in

forest area/cover

• Weakened water

source

• Intensified global

warming

• Occurrences of

soil erosion,

flashfloods, and

siltation

• Conduct of IECs

• Designation of PNP

for monitoring

purposes

• Stricter

implementation of

policies and

programs addressing

unsustainable

agricultural practices

(e.g. Community

• No clear

designated area

for cutting trees

• Report system on

illegal activities

are not efficient

• Tradition is

incorporated in

community’s

values, resulting

in

• Increase budget for programs

concerned with the protection

and conservation of forest

• Stricter implementation of PD

705 (Revised Forestry Code)

• Provide alternative livelihood

(e.g. handicraft making,

dugong key chain making, etc.)

• Establish a law enforcement

and monitoring team

Page | 108


Based Forest

Management, etc.)

• Regulations on

prohibiting

unsustainable


and minor forest

product gathering

continuous

practice of

kaingin farming

Need for

income,

livelihood, and

raw materials

Timber poaching

• Decrease in

forest area/cover

• Destruction of

large trees

• Loss of habitat for

wildlife species

• Intensified climate

change

• Decrease in water

absorption

capacity

• Occurrences of

flashflood,

siltation, and soil

erosion

• Creation of Bantay

Gubat

• Enforcement of laws

(e.g. RA 9175:

Chainsaw Act of

2001, CBFM, EO

23, and NIPAS Act)

• Designation of PNP

for monitoring

purposes

• Reforestation

• Lack of human

resources

• No clear

designated area

for cutting trees

• No group

assigned for

monitoring

• Formulate stronger ordinances

• Stricter implementation of

ordinances (PD 705 )

• Establish a monitoring team

• Establish a timber inventory

mechanism

• Continue enrichment planting

and reforestation

Page | 109

Table 58. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Coastal)


Need for

livelihood

Harvesting of

Corals

• Decrease in

number of

corals

• Habitat loss

for species

of fishes and

other sea

creatures

• Stricter

monitoring

on the

harvest of

corals

• Conduct of

IECs

• Inefficient monitoring

system in the harvest of

corals


• Establish surveillance and monitoring team

Need for

income

and

livelihood

Continuous

conduct of fishing

and other

prohibited

activities in the

MPAs because of

conflicting

knowledge

regarding MPAs

• Unclear

boundaries of

MPA

• Decrease in

number of

underwater

species

• Conduct of

IECs

• Differences of

knowledge/information

regarding MPAs and their

territories

• Strengthen IEC

• Stricter monitoring

Page | 110

Table 59. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Restricted)


Need for

raw

materials

for

housing

Mangrove

cutting

• Old growth

mangrove forest

was depleted in

the past.

• Only Calauit

island has an

extensive

mangrove cover.

The other

barangays have

varying degrees

of mangrove

degradation.

• Less

buffer

area for

potential

hazards

and

disasters

• Initiatives of NGO (e.g.

mangrove planting and

rehabilitation)

• Enforcement of laws (e.g.

PCSD Administrative

Order 11: Rules and

regulations governing the

conservation and

protection of mangrove

areas, Republic Act 8550:

Revised Fisheries Code)

• Monitoring

system is not

efficient

• Provide alternative livelihood (e.g.

handicraft making, dugong key chain

making)

• Continue NGO initiatives

• Mark and protect mangrove biodiversity

hotspots

• Conduct IECs

• Stricter monitoring and implementation

of laws (e.g. PCSD Administrative Order

11: Rules and regulations governing the

conservation and protection of mangrove

areas, Republic Act 8550: Revised

Fisheries Code)

• Create task force for monitoring

Need for

livelihood

Timber

poaching

• Decreased forest

area

• More

prone to

landslide

• Degradati

on of the

forest

ecosystem

• Enforcement of laws and

policies on limited use of

resources

• Designation of Bantay

Gubat with representative

from DENR

• Reforestation

• No

established

penalties for

violators

• Implement appropriate ordinances

• Stricter implementation of ordinances

(PD 705)


• Establish a timber inventory mechanism

• Enrich tree planting and reforestation

activities

• Establish of tree festivals to encourage

community participation

• Provide alternative sources of livelihood

(e.g. handicraft making, dugong key

chain making, etc.)

Need for

food,

livelihood

Unsustaina

ble

agricultural

• Decrease in

forest area

• Incidence

of soil

erosion,

• Conduct of IEC

• Designation of PNP for

monitoring purposes

• Insufficient

monitoring

system

• Increase budget for programs concerned

with the protection and conservation of

forest

Page | 111


, raw

materials

and forest

practices

(Kaingin

farming)

• Decrease in the

number of trees

flashflood

, siltation

and

landslide


policies and programs

addressing unsustainable

agricultural practices (e.g.

Community Based Forest

Management, etc.)

• Regulations on prohibiting

unsustainable agricultural

practices and minor forest

product gathering

• Stricter implementation of PD 705

(Revised Forestry Code)


• Establish a law enforcement and

monitoring team

Table 60. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Controlled)


Need for

livelihood

and

income

Illegal

logging

• Decrease in

forest area

• Degradation

of the forest

environmen

t

• Decreased

flood

resiliency

• Creation of Bantay Gubat

• Enforcement of laws (e.g. RA

9175: Chainsaw Act of 2001,

CBFM, EO 23, NIPAS)


monitoring purposes

• Reforestation

• Lack of human

resources

• Lenient

implementation

of policies

• Implement appropriate ordinances

• Stricter implementation of ordinances (PD

705, )


• Establish a timber inventory mechanism

• Continue enrichment planting and

reforestation

Need for

livelihood

and raw

materials

Excavating

for quarry

without

issuance of

permits

• Decreased soil

quality

• Soil Erosion • Establishment of monitoring

team

• On hand committee on

environment from ECAN

board

• Operation

without

approved

permits

• Establish/Practice proper communication

between LGU and private companies

• Review and update fees, charges, and

requirements for permit issuance

Need for

livelihood

Wildlife

poaching

• Decrease number

of wildlife

species

• Disrupted

ecological

balance

• Designation of guards for

monitoring purposes

• Ineffective

monitoring

system

• Strengthen implementation of policies

regarding wildlife (e.g. Wildlife Resources

Page | 112


and Conservation and Protection Act, RA

9147)

• Conduct IEC campaigns in the protection of

wildlife

• Establish a wildlife protection unit for a

stricter patrolling and monitoring

system/scheme within the community

• Provide alternative livelihoods to local

communities engaged in hunting wildlife for

food and trade

• Rehabilitate wildlife habitat

Need for

livelihood

Unsustainabl

e agricultural

and forest

practices

(Kaingin

farming)


area

• Weakened

water

supply

• Conduct of IECs


monitoring purposes






Management, etc.)




product gathering

• Limited funds

• Ineffective

monitoring

system

• Increase budget for programs concerned


forest

• Stricter implementation of PD 705 (Revised

Forestry Code)

• Provide alternative livelihood (e.g.

handicraft making, dugong key chain

making)

• Establish a law enforcement and monitoring

team

• Continue reforestation

Page | 113


Need for

livelihood

Illegal

fishing (use

of sodium

for fishing)

• Species such as

snappers and

groupers were

already few in

number

• Decrease in

number of

fishes and

corals

• Creation of Bantay- Dagat

• Enforcement of laws on

coastal management

• Designation of police for

lookout

• Lack in

manpower

• Limited budget

• Stricter implementation of laws (e.g. RA

10654, etc.)

• Establish law enforcement team (municipal

fishing and aquatic resources management

council and the barangay counterpart)

• Designate more people to work for the

protection of MPAs

• Monitor and regulate trade of live fish

• Encourage active involvement of local

fishers organization

Table 61. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Traditional)


Need for

livelihood

Illegal

fishing

• Fish production

declined by 22.4%

in a period of 7

years due to illegal

fishing activities

and encroachment

of commercial

fishing vessels in

municipal waters.

(Busuanga

Framework, 2006)

• Decrease

in fish

catch

• Destructio

n of coral

reefs

• Creation of Bantay-Dagat

• Enforcement of law on coastal

management

• Establishment of monitoring

team (PNP, LGU)

• Presence of

supplies that

support

cyanide fishing

• Stricter implementation of laws (RA 10654)

• Establish a law enforcement team (municipal




protection of MPAs


• Active involvement of local fishers

organization

Need for

food and

livelihood

Unsustaina

ble

agricultural

and forest

practices

• Decrease in forest

area

• Degraded forests

• Depleted woods

• Areas

more prone

to flooding

and

landslide

• Conduct of IECs


monitoring purposes



• Report system

on illegal

activities are

not efficient

• Increase budget for programs concerned with

the protection and conservation of forest

• Stricter implementation of PD 705 (Revised

Forestry Code)

Page | 114


(Kaingin

farming)

• Incidence

of soil

erosion

also affects

the coastal

area

• Increase in

temperatur

e




Management, etc.)




product gathering

• Tree planting activities by

LGU and NGO

• Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. handicraft

making, dugong key chain making, etc.)

• Establish a law enforcement and monitoring

team

• Reforestation

• Develop farming systems adaptive to climate

change

• Establish full agricultural diversification

among small holder farmers and farmers

organizations

• Encourage substantial investment from both

government, private, and NGOs

Need for

proper site

for

research

Use of

inappropri

ate site for

research

• Increased interest in

agricultural

researches

• Continuous

eagerness

in

conducting

researches

• Support through provision of

materials for research such as

seeds

• Limited funds • Provide funds for research

• Involve schools in the municipality in the

conduct of researches

Need for

housing

Unsustaina

ble

extraction

of timber

and woods


area

• Incidence

of

landslide

• Degradatio

n of the

forest

ecosystem

• Bureau of Animal Industry

(BAI) leads the preservation of

trees in the forest

• Lack of

residential area

• Provide settlement areas or designate areas

for residential purposes

Need for

enough

water

supply ,

livelihood

and food

Lack of

irrigation

system

• Reduced quality of

land and yield

• Low

income

• Establishment of small farm

reservoir

• Existing project proposals for

water source

• Lack of

consultation

from various

stakeholders

• Repair damaged irrigation canals and

construct new irrigation facilities for

irrigable upland areas

• Tap other sources of water in order to

improve capacities of irrigation facilities

Page | 115


• Organize capacity building activities for

farmers to improve management of irrigation

systems

• Develop public and private partnership for

small and large scale irrigation

Table 62. DPSIR Matrix of Multiple Use Zone


Need for

education

Limited

degree

programs and

teachers

(tertiary

level)

• Western

Philippines

University is

subjected to close

• Difficulty

of

students to

attend

tertiary

school

• Low

number of

college

graduate

• Searching for possible source

of fund

• Limited

support from

LGU

• Prioritize funding specifically for tertiary

education

• Request tertiary schools in Palawan to

establish extension of campuses in Busuanga

Need for

accessibili

ty for

tourism

and

delivery of

farm

products

Poor quality

of access and

farm to

market roads

• Some roads are

still not open for

use

• Unpaved roads

• Low

accessibili

ty to

services

• Low farm

productivi

ty

• Initiatives from Department of

Tourism for road construction

• Existing proposal for road

construction

• Started upgrading access roads

• Additional infrastructure

investment from the national

government, development

partners, and private investors

• Limited funds • Counterpart from LGU regarding financial

assistance

• Propose plans for road construction

addressed to national government

Page | 116


Need for

source of

water for

irrigation

Poor

irrigation

system

• Malfunctioning of

national irrigation

system in some

parts of the

municipality

• Arable

lands that

were not

reached

by the

national

irrigation

system are

not

cultivated

• Proposed irrigation projects

but some are not yet approved

• Some of the

proposed

irrigation

projects of the

municipality

are not yet

approved

• Encourage participation of community for

development/rehabilitation of irrigation

systems

• Provide more irrigation facilities

• Repair damaged irrigation canals and



• Tap other sources of water in order to


• Organize capacity building for farmers to

improve management of irrigation systems

• Develop public and private partnership for

small and large scale irrigation

Need for

raw

materials

for road

constructi

on

Gravel and

sand

extraction

• Some mountains

have quarry sites

• Areas

became

prone to

landslide

• Licensing of extractors by the

PMRB

• Lack of

political will

• Review and update fees, charges, and

requirements for issuance of license and

permit

• Stricter monitoring of areas for gravel and

sand extraction

Need for

livelihood

Emergence

of migrants

and illegal

settlers

• Continuous

increase of

informal settlers

(migrants)

• About 65% of the

population added

annually is due to

in-migration.

(Busuanga

Framework,

2006)

• Increase

in crime

rate

• Apprehension of illegal

settlers

• No concrete

actions for this

matter

• Arrange agreements between LGU and

migrants/illegal settlers concerning legal

process of residing in the municipality

Page | 117


Need for

commerci

al

livelihood

Encroachme

nt of illegal

commercial

fishing

vessels

Fish production

declined by 22.4%

in a period of 7


fishing activities and

encroachment of

commercial fishing

vessels in municipal

waters. (Busuanga

Framework, 2006)

• Destructio

n of coral

reefs

• Apprehension of illegal

commercial fishing vessels

• Lack of

manpower for

monitoring

purposes

• Stricter coastal management law enforcement

(FARMC, PNP, fisher folk associations)

• Establish MENRO to strengthen coastal law

enforcement

Need for

livelihood

Illegal

fishing

practices

(e.g.

dynamite,

cyanide, use

of

compressor,

incompliance

to fishing

regulations)

Fish production

declined by 22.4%

in a period of 7


fishing activities and

encroachment of

commercial fishing

vessels in municipal

waters.

• Decrease

in number

of fish and

corals

• Monitoring system headed by

fisher folk organizations

• Lack of

manpower for

monitoring

purposes

• Stricter implementation of laws and policies

(RA 10654, PCSD Administrative Order No.

5: Revised guidelines for the accreditation,

regulation, and monitoring of live fish

catching culture and transport and trading in

Palawan)

• Establish law enforcement team (municipal




protection of areas


• Encourage active involvement of local

fishers organization

• Provide alternative livelihood opportunities,

trainings and seminars (e.g. backyard

gardening, livestock production)

• Conduct IEC campaigns, assembly meetings,

trainings by NGOs

• Allocate funding and equipment for fisher

folk

• Strengthen Bantay-Dagat

Page | 118


• Review qualifications to ensure fair process

for registration

Need for

additional

income

Expansion of

pearl farms

due to

unclear

boundaries of

areas devoted

for pearl

farming

• Less fishing areas

for farmers for

fisherfolks

• Reduce in

number of

fish catch

• Approval of permits by LGU • Political

conflicts

arising

• Demarcation of areas bounded by pearl farms

• Review and updat pearl farming guidelines

Need for

raw

materials

for

housing

and need

for

livelihood

(charcoal

making)

Cutting of

mangroves

• Reduced

mangrove cover

• Reduced

buffer

areas

• Formulation of policies

prohibiting mangrove

extraction

• Arresting violators

• Mangrove rehabilitation

• Monitoring

system is

inefficient

• Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. handicraft

making, dugong key chain making, etc.)

• Continue NGO initiatives

• Mark and protect mangrove biodiversity

hotspots

• Conduct IECs

• Stricter monitoring and implementation of

laws (e.g. PCSD Administrative Order 11:

Rules and regulations governing the

conservation and protection of mangrove

areas, Republic Act 8550: Revised Fisheries

Code)

• Continue advocacy for preservation of

mangroves

• Create task force for monitoring

Page | 119

Table 63. DPSIR Matrix of Tribal Zone

Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action

Damaging,

defacing, harming,

marring of caves

Minor damage in

caves

• Lack of sense of

place/home for IPs

• Enforcement of laws

concerning ancestral

domain

• Lack of clear

communication between

LGU and IPs

• Regular meetings

between IPs and LGU

• Strict implementation

of RA 9072

Lack of centers for

IP culture

• Representation of IP in

Sangguniang Bayan

• Establish infrastructures

for IPs

Land ownership

issues (no clear

boundaries, illegal

settlers)

No clear land

boundaries

• Presence of conflict • Establishment of

partnerships with

organizations

• Conduct of meetings with

development agencies

• Addressed letter to court

for ancestral domain

claims

• Cases were brought to

court

• Limited fund

• Hold meetings

constantly with

development agencies

• Strengthen partnerships

with other

organizations

• Review and update land

use plan of LGU

Page | 120

Based from tables above, each pressure is caused by the usual drivers such as the

need for food, income and raw materials. Each pressure has effects on the current state of

the environment which were also shown in the table. The pressure also causes impacts to

the environment as well as in the socio- economic aspect. There are current actions being

done by the municipality in order to address these pressures. These are shown in the table

as the responses. Gaps in the responses were also identified in order to strengthen these

current initiatives. Proposed actions were included in the framework to further address the

problem.

From the tables above, pressures occurring in most of the zones are only the ones going to

be tackled. Table 56-58 shows that timber poaching is the pressure present in the core

zone and buffer zone. This leads to loss in the habitat of animal species, intensified

impact from climate change, decreased resiliency to floods, siltation, and soil erosion.

Actions implemented by the local government are the following: enforcement through

Bantay Gubat taskforce, PNP monitoring, reforestation activities, and enforcement of RA

9175 (Chainsaw Act of 2001), CBFM, and EO 23. Despite these solutions, suggested

actions include the following: formulate stronger ordinances, establish a specific

monitoring and evaluation team, establish a timber inventory mechanism, and continue

reforestation. Related to this is the occurring unsustainable farming practices (kaingin

farming) which specifically occurs in the core zone and buffer zone. This activity

contributed to the decrease in forest areas, which further leads to reduced resiliency to

flooding, siltation, and soil erosion. Actions in response to this problem include the

following: IEC campaigns, assignment of a monitoring team, stricter implementation of

policies, and the formulation of policies regarding unsustainable farming practices

(kaingin farming). Another pressure identified was wildlife poaching, which occurs in the

core zone and buffer zone. Impacts of this activity to the environment include disruption

in the ecological balance through the decrease in the number of animal species. Occurring

actions to stop this activity includes the assignment of group of people who are assigned

to monitor the activities involving wildlife poaching. Despite this, suggested actions to

further improve the status of wildlife poaching are the following: strengthen RA 9147,

conduct IEC campaigns, and establishment and operationalization of a wildlife protection

unit, habitat rehabilitation, and provision of alternative livelihood.

Page | 121

B. Synthesis of PRM AND DPSIR

The Ecological Profiling, Participatory Resource Mapping and DPSIR analysis were

effective tools in integrating resources, threats and opportunities present in Busuanga,

Palawan. Ecological Profiling provided baseline information of the different development

sectors of the locale, including resources, threats, and opportunities evident in the

municipality; PRM provided a spatial location of the resources, threats and opportunities

in the municipality; while, DPSIR analysis helped in understanding the current status of the

resources, threats, and opportunities identified.

In the conduct of PRM, the representatives’ local knowledge had been very useful in

identifying the resources, threats, and opportunities in their respective barangays.

Resources in different land areas such as mangroves, nipa plantations, forest area, fishing

grounds, and brush lands had been identified. Also, livelihood, ecotourism, and

maintenance of environmental integrity through regulatory measures which serve as

opportunities were located in the map. Threats had also been identified in the ECAN zones

of the barangays. It had complemented data obtained from the Ecological Profiling of the

municipality and it had been helpful in identifying where the existing pressures from the

DPSIR framework are located. The ECAN overlay resource maps helped in identifying if

the zones are still harmonized with the current zoning classification of the municipality.

Thus, the generated maps can be used in the updating of its ECAN Zones. On the other

hand, DPSIR analysis helped in understanding the current status of the zones present in the

municipality by identifying the threats, and current and proposed actions to address the

threats. Results from these methods were consolidated to provide recommendations and

strategies to draft sustainable management plan for the threats in each zones. Each method

served as a tool to validate information obtained from each method.

Page | 122

CHAPTER 7: ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN

In adopting Environmental Zoning, the main strategy of the SEP Law, the province

of Palawan has undergone ecanization. Environmental Zoning has the main goal which is

to allocate, in a sound and rationale way, land and water use whose underlying principle is

to support socio-economic development within the limits or thresholds of ecosystem

resiliency (PCSDS, 2006). This will help determine the development activities best

applicable to each zone. Meanwhile, ecanization, is the process of delineating and marking

the boundaries of the different zones in both land and sea, ensures the identification of

prescribed activities and resource use for each zone, together with the enforcement of

regulatory measures to prevent practices that are destructive of the environment (PCSD

Resolution No. 94-44, Section 4). The ultimate goal of ECAN zoning and ECAN zones

management is to safeguard the natural wealth and ecosystem of Palawan through its

conservation and protection in order to maintain the ecosystem services and sustainable

yield from these resources (PCSDS, 2006).

A. ECAN Zones of Busuanga, Palawan

Municipal Breakdown of ECAN zones

The table below shows the breakdown of the different ECAN zones present in the

Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan. It can be observed that the Municipality of Busuanga

mostly comprised of Multiple Use Zone (43.9%) and have the least composition of Coastal

Buffer Zone (less than 1%).

Table 63. Percentage Composition of ECAN Zones in the municipality

ECAN ZONE AREA (Ha) % OF MUNICIPAL

AREA

Core zone 7,423 16.7

Core Zone (Protected Area) 3,667 8.2

Restricted use zone 3,098 7.0

Controlled use zone 5,932 13.3

Traditional use zone 3,767 8.5

Multiple use zone 19,544 43.9

Coastal Multiple Zone: Buffer

(Islands)

170 0.4

Coastal Multiple Use Zone:

Sustainable use (Islands)

1, 108 2.1

TOTAL 44, 539 100.0

Source: PCSDS, 2006

Page | 123

Figure20. The ECAN Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

Page | 124

Threats to ECAN Resources and Sustainable Development

On the other hand, the table below shows the existing threats to land and water

resources of the Municipality of Busuanga derived from the DPSIR Framework.

Table 64. Threats evident among different zones of land and water resources in

the Municipality of Busuanga

ZONES ECOSYSTEM

Core Zone

Terrestrial Coastal

Wildlife poaching Harvesting of Corals

Unsustainable agricultural and

forest practices (Kaingin farming)

Conflicting knowledge regarding

MPA

Illegal logging Illegal fishing (dynamite and

cyanide)

Buffer Zone:

Restricted

Mangrove cutting

Illegal logging



Buffer Zone:

Controlled

Illegal logging Illegal fishing (use of sodium for

fishing)

Excavating for quarry without

issuance of permits

Wildlife poaching



Buffer Zone:

Traditional



Illegal fishing

Increase interest in agricultural

researches

Unsustainable extraction of

timber and woods

Lack of irrigation system

Multiple Use

Zone

Limited courses and teachers

(tertiary level)

Encroachment of illegal

commercial fishing vessels

Lack of access and farm to

market roads

Illegal fishing (dynamite,

cyanide, use of compressor,

incompliance to fishing

regulations)

Poor national irrigation Unclear boundaries of areas

devoted to pearl farming

Gravel and sand extraction Unsustainable cutting of

mangroves

Page | 125

ZONES ECOSYSTEM

Presence of migrants and illegal

settlers

Tribal Use

Zone

Cause of damage of caves

Lack of centers for IP culture

Land ownership issues (no clear

boundaries, illegal settlers)

B. ECAN Zones Management Guidelines

Objectives of zoning guidelines

The ECAN Zones Management Guidelines is anchored on attaining sustainable

environmental, socio- institutional and economic objectives. In achieving these strategies,

sustainable use of resources are expected to materialize. Specifically, the following

objectives are as follows;

Environmental Objectives:

1) Conserve natural resources and protect biodiversity rich areas, important life

support ecosystems, and environmentally-critical areas;

2) Rehabilitate natural habitats and degraded ecosystems;

3) Protect rare, threatened and endangered species of wildlife and flora; and

4) Reduce the incidence of illegal and destructive uses of environment and natural

resources

Social and Institutional Objectives:

1) Promote stakeholders participation in the enforcement of zoning regulations;

2) Strengthen the capability of ECAN boards to implement the guidelines and

enforce land/marine use regulations;

3) Improve the awareness and concerns of local communities towards

environmental protection, ECAN zones and allowable/prohibited uses of

land/marine resources, sustainable production that will cascade to advocacy

and action; and

4) Proper assistance (house lot relocation and livelihood support) to communities

which shall be affected or dislocated in the implementation of the ECAN

zoning guidelines.

Economic objectives:

1) Identify areas for sustainable production and inclusion under DENR’s

Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM), coastal area management,

and related subsidized programs of the government in order to direct

development within suitable environments;

Page | 126

2) Regulate the extraction of natural resource to optimize production without

destroying natural capital base (e.g., optimal volume and timing of bird’s nest

harvesting, non-destructive means of catching live fish and the optimum

harvest rate, regulated almaciga tapping, and environmentally safe methods for

small scale mining, etc.); and

3) Identify areas for development (e.g., tourism) and production (agro-forestry,

agriculture, plantation forestry, orchard, pasture, etc.) to generate income for

local communities and improve socio-economic conditions.

Table 65. ECAN zones management goals and framework applicable to Busuanga

Municipality

ECAN

Zones

Zonal Goals Zonal Management

Framework

Objectives Of ECAN

Zones Management

(Sep Law, Section 7)

Core zone

(land and

water)

Ecological

Integrity

Biodiversity conservation;

Coastal resource and MPA

management (for coastal)

1. Forest conservation and

protection,

2. Protection of watersheds,

3. Preservation of biological

diversity,

4. Protection of indigenous

peoples and preservation of

their culture,

5. Maintenance of maximum

sustainable yield,

6. Protection of rare and

endangered species and their

habitat, and

7. provision of areas for

environmental research,

education, and training, and

8. provision of areas for

tourism and recreation.

Buffer

zone:

Restricted

use area

Water

Sufficiency

Watershed management

Buffer

zone:

Controlled

use and

Traditional

use areas

Food

Security and

Upland

Stabilization

Upland forest management

Multiple

use zone

(land and

water)

Food

Security

and

Sustainable

Industries &

Services

Lowland and urban area

management;

Sustainable agriculture;

Coastal resource and MPA

management (for coastal)

Management Strategies for ECAN Zones

According to the PCSD, the various threats to ECAN Zones in general can be

prevented or minimized by adopting the following management strategies:

1) Protection and preservation

2) Restoration for protection

3) Restoration for sustainable use or conservation

4) Rehabilitation

5) Reclamation or conversion into other uses

Page | 127

6) Conflict resolution

The general resource management strategies are:

1) Protection and preservation measures are applied to highly threatened and important

ecosystems and natural resources. This strategy is usually in the form of a regulation or

restriction, prohibits any use of natural resources and activity in a critical ecosystem.

2) Restoration and rehabilitation measures are applied to degraded but important ecosystem

and natural resources (e.g., denuded critical watersheds, degraded coral reefs, etc.). After

their restoration or rehabilitation, these ecosystems and natural resources are either

classified as protection/preservation areas or conservation areas with limited uses.

3) Conservation and sustainable use measures are applied to ecosystems and natural

resources which are needed by the community for survival and livelihood, and for

economic development. However, these ecosystems and resources should be used

judiciously without compromising their ecological integrity to be able to sustain their

ecological functions while at the same time providing material goods to their users.

4) Reclamation measures are employed to convert unproductive areas into more

productive uses without causing negative impacts on the environment as a whole.

For example, unproductive grasslands and shrublands are for examples converted

to agricultural areas or settlements. Shrublands may be converted into forest

plantation as source of timber and fuelwood.

ECOSYSTEM / NATURAL

RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Primary/closed canopy forest Protection/Preservation

Secondary growth forest Conservation

Restoration/Rehabilitation

Brushlands Reclamation


Sustainable Use

Grasslands Sustainable Use

Mangrove Forest Protection

Conservation


Endangered Habitat and endangered

species of flora and fauna

Protection

Coral Reefs and seagrasses Protection and conservation

Fisheries Conservation

Sustainable Use

Marine mammals and sea turtles Protection

Table 66. Ecosystems and its corresponding management strategies

Page | 128

ECAN Zones for Protection and Preservation

Areas for protection and preservation are highly restricted to any human activities

defined under the ECAN Zones Management Guidelines. These include Core zone and

Strict Protection Zone such as;

a) primary/closed canopy forest

b) mangrove forest

c) limestone/karst forest

d) habitat of endangered flora and fauna

e) biodiversity hotspots (flora, fauna, coral reefs, seagrasses, reef fish, marine

mammals and sea turtles )

f) habitat of endangered marine mammals and turtles

ECAN Zones for Restoration

Areas for restoration are reverted back to core zone, strict protection zone,

controlled use zone or multiple use zone depending on the ecological features of the area

being restored. Listed below are the set of criterion (ecological features) considered:

a) areas with slope above 50% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to

core zone)

b) areas with slope of 36-50% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to

strict protection zone)

c) areas with slopes of 18-35% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to

controlled use zone or traditional use zone)

d) mangrove areas with idle and abandoned fishponds (restored to strict

protection zone)

e) degraded habitat of endangered fauna and marine mammals/sea turtles

(restored to core zone)

ECAN Zones for Rehabilitation

Areas for rehabilitation are those ecosystems which are either degraded, denuded

or polluted. Moreover, these areas require interventions such as reforestation, replanting,

and adoption of pollution control measures. Prescribed ECAN Zones are as follows;

a) denuded watersheds

b) denuded mangrove areas (sparse mangrove areas)

c) brushlands (>18% slope)

d) denuded forest lands (>18% forest land without forest cover)

e) grasslands (>18% slope)

f) denuded Seagrass beds (<31% cover or sparse Seagrass beds which are

grazing areas of dugong and other commercially important fish species)

g) degraded coral reefs (<50% live cover)

h) degraded kaingin areas or marginal upland agriculture areas (>18% slope)

i) polluted and silted coastal waters

Page | 129

ECAN Zones for Reclamation or Conversion into Other Uses

Areas with the following attributes are suggested as sites for reclamation or conservation;

a) Grasslands (0-18% slope)

b) Brushlands (0-18% slope)

c) Agricultural lands (poor soil fertility)

ECAN Zones for Conservation and Sustainable Use

Areas for conservation and sustainable use include the following ECAN Zones:

a) Controlled use zone

b) Traditional use zone

c) Multiple use zone

d) Intact secondary growth forest

e) Community-Based Forest Plantation where controlled logging is allowed

f) Areas where sustainable mining projects are allowed

g) Areas where agroforestry uses exist

h) Communal fishing grounds

i) Tourism development areas (diving sites and terrestrial and marine nature

parks)

j) Areas for settlements (built-up areas and infrastructure)

k) Lowland agriculture and pasture areas

l) Aquaculture and mariculture areas

ECAN Zones for Conflict Resolution

Areas for conflict resolution are those areas with existing or proposed uses contradictory

toupdated ECAN zoning;

a) Built-up areas within core zones or restricted use zones

b) CADTs within core zones or restricted use zones

c) A&D lands within core zones

d) Titled small islands or small islands for construction of tourism facilities

e) Settlements within Protected Areas (NIPAS)

f) Tourism within marine core zones

g) Infrastructures (roads, power plants) within core zones

h) Mining within protected areas (NIPAS)

i) Fishpond in mangrove areas

j) Urban development within Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and

Agroindustrial Development (NPAAD)

Page | 130

C. ECAN Zones Management Program Formulation

DPSIR Frameworks (Tables 56- 62) were further used to generate other tables that

served as reference for formulating plans in the ECAN planning workshop; tables used only

focused on the driver, pressure, response and proposed actions. Prioritization of pressures

in each zone was made. This was according to the participants’ preference. The participants

were grouped into three to represent the different zones. Annex E are matrices prodiuced

during the ECAN Planning workshop. These were further enhanced according to specific

stratgeies to form the ECAN Zones Management Program described in the succeeding

section.

D. Busanga ECAN Management Program

The over-arching goal of this Plan is for the municipality of Busuanga to be a 1st Class

Municiaplity with intact natural resources and competitive economy. To be able to achive

this objective of this Plan, ECAN Management Program focuses on three components: (1)

sustainable management of natural reousrces; (2) improvement of socio-econmic status;

and (3) enhancing multi-agency coordination and governance. The following sections

describes the logical framework of the ECAN Zones Management Program, zones in

ECAN where the component is to be implemented, budgetary requirements and agency

complementation.

Page | 131

Figure 20. Logical Framework of Busuanga ECAN Management Program

Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed

1. Institutionalization of SEP and ECAN

Main Objective: To mainstream ECAN concerns in the development agenda, budget and

policies of the LGU.

Key Activities:

1.1.Assigning of permanent PCSD personnel physically based at Busuanga to facilitate

the implementation of ECAN policies.

1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for the operation of ECAN Board and

its functional committees.

A 1st class municipality with intact natural resources

and competitive economy

Municipal natural resources sustainably

managed

Institutionalization of SEP and ECAN

Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use

Zones on the ground

Law enforcement

Ecosystem rehabilitation

Municipal socio-economic status

improved

Sustainable economic development

Sustainable financing

Environmental governance and

partnerships enhanced

Integartion and harmonization of IP

concerns to development agenda

of LGU and PCSD

Institutional capacity building

Monitoring and evalutaion

Policy reforms

Impact Outcome Output

Page | 132

1.3.Ground truthing of ECAN Zones and passage of an ordinance adopting the updated

(if necessary) ECAN Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and ECAN

guidelines.

1.4.Integration and harmonization of ECAN Zones and ECAN Zones Management Plan

in the updating of CLWUP and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN

Zones and zoning strategies and guidelines.

1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN Zones Management Plan.

Integration of ECAN zones management programs into the Annual Investment

Program (AIP) of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP).

2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on the ground

Main objective: To establish markers on the ground that will set the boundaries of

Core and restricted use zones for monitoring and compliance purposes

Key activities:

2.1.Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated information (such as studies

on habitat of endangered species and critical watershed) to determine the core and

restricted zone areas which can use natural topographic features to set their

boundaries on the ground (e.g., ridges, rivers, seagrass meadows, etc.);

2.2.Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the core and restricted zone

boundaries on the ground based on the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS;

2.3.Determination and assessment of the viability (cost effectiveness, maintenance, and

practicability) of various types of markers such as physical monuments or living

markers (distinctive tree or plant markers);

2.4.Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the staking of markers on the

ground (concrete markers or living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy

markers in coastal/marine core zones);

2.5.Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground marking (Packaging of

project proposal for funding by donor institutions);

2.6.Implementation of “Ground Marking Project”

3. Law Enforcement

Main Objective: To encourage and motivate stakeholders at the municipal and barangay

levels to comply with ECAN zoning and its guidelines for the use of land and

coastal/marine resources

Key Activities:

3.1.Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force. This will be composed of PNP, Coast

Guard, NGO, DENR and PCSDS to enforce environmental laws such as but not

limited to SEP-ECAN, RA 9147, RA 9072, RA 7942, among others;

3.2.Strengthening of patrolling system for compliance to ECAN zoning and its

management guidelines (tap and deputize as fish wardens Bantay Dagat and forest

guards Bantay Gubat volunteers and mobilize other community volunteers) and

provide equipment, facilities and other logistic support needed for the conduct of

regular patrols to monitor core zones and hotspots areas;

3.3.Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and patrollers

Page | 133

4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation

Main Objective: To improve the ecological status of environment and natural resources

through rehabilitative and restorative means

Key activities:

4.1.Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation (denuded forest, silted rivers,

denuded mangrove areas, degraded coral reefs and seagrass, polluted waters with

solid and liquid wastes, etc.);

4.2.Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and implementation of rehabilitation

programs for priority areas for reforestation, assisted natural regeneration, and

enrichment planting of denuded forest and mangroves, river bank stabilization, cave

protection and restoration;

4.3.Holding periodically of environmental festivities (reforestation, coastal clean up,

fairs, environmental fiesta with song and dance contests, poster and slogan contests)

Output 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved

5. Sustainable Economic Development

Main objective: To promote sustainable livelihood for communities engaged in illegal

activities and unsustainable resource-based livelihood

Key Activities:

5.1.Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood projects in the Livelihood

Development Plan in Busuanga Municipality in 2006. Applicability must consider

updating of target beneficiaries and current institutional arrangements. Piloting of

identified livelihood programs. Livelihood projects with high potential for success

are as follows:

- seaweed farming,

- crab culture (fattening): alimango and alimasag

- ecotourism service

- handicraft making (using buho, yantok and rattan),

- vinegar making,

- cashew nut processing,

- rattan and bamboo furniture making,

- indigenous honey preparations into homegrown delicacies

- multiple cropping,

- cut flower production,

- dried fish processing,

- fish culture: kikiro/samaral; bangus; tilapia, lapulapu, danggit

- goat raising

- vegetable farming: eggplants (talong); squash (kalabasa); pechay; bitter gourd

(ampalaya); cabbage (repolyo); tomato (kamatis); potato (patatas)

- fruit farming: papaya; citrus; mango; banana; jackfruit

- shellfish culture: oysters, mussels, sea urchins

5.2.Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the Livelihood Development

Plan for the municipality. Identify and prioritize target barangays or localities and

Page | 134

beneficiaries. Some of the identified communities during the participatory

workshop are communities of island barangays where most of them are heavily

dependent of fishing.

5.3.Conduct of value chain study for selected livelihood opportunities/ products

6. Sustainable Financing

Main Objective: To develop various schemes of financing the implementation of ECAN

zoning and its management programs

Key activities:

6.1.Establishment of sustainable financing modes and mechanisms to fund the

implementation of ECAN zone programs in partnership with PCSDS

- Review of existing fees and charges and determination of appropriate user

fees and charges, taxation targets (e.g., contractors, raw material buyers and

middlemen; except the IPs and subsistence gatherers from taxation), modes

of collection and fund utilization.

- Update user charges and fees for the use or extraction of the following

natural resources:

o irrigation water

o docking and mooring

o non-timber forest products-NTFPs (Apitong resin tapping, birds nest

gathering, rattan, nipa, cogon, honey, bamboo, bamban, pandan, buri

gathering)

o pearl farms

o fishpond and aquaculture (floating cages, fish cages, fish pens, etc)

o gravel and sand quarrying

6.2.Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing infrastructure projects

identified in the workshop such as irrigation facilities and hospital facilities.

6.3.Filing of official request to agricultural research institutions (PhilRice, UPLB,

IRRI, DA, ATI, DOST-PCAARD) to prioritize the conduct of agricultural

researches (including budget allocation) in the municipality.

6.4.Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement ECAN Zones Management

Plan and identification potential sources of funds.

Output 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced

7. Integration and harmonization of Indigenous Peoples concerns to development

agenda of the LGU and PCSD

Main objective: To harmonize IP concerns in the plans and policies of the LGU and

ECAN Board

Key Activities:

7.1.Construction of IP center (Capital Outlay).

7.2.Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council.

7.3.Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan

and Customary Laws in the ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and

Zoning Ordinance.

Page | 135

8. Institutional Capacity Building

Main Objective: To strengthen the capability of established organizations that will

collaboratively implement ECAN zoning and its guidelines and other environmental laws

Key Activities:

8.1.Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities to gain stakeholders’ support to

ECAN zoning and environmental laws (RA 9147, RA 9072, RA 9175,PD 705, RA

10654, RA 8371)

- Formulation of Communication Plan involving other partner agencies with

emphasis on dugong and pawikan conservation, forest and biodiversity

management, marine protected areas management, IPRA Law, cave management

and protection, and Live Reef Fish for Food Policies

- Conduct of information campaign at the barangay level (use of multimedia

materials on understanding of the ECAN zoning and how to implement it; the duties

of the implementers and the approach in implementation)

8.2.Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional committees including

deputation of members of Enforcement Task Force (Conduct of training on the

following subjects which are needed to impart knowledge and develop the skills)

- Trainors training on environmentally friendly alternative livelihood training to be

conducted by experts for selected representatives from local community

organizations and NGOs identified to spearhead sustainable livelihood projects;

trainers from NGOs and academe will be invited; the budget will be sourced from

the LGU and other donor institutions

- Paralegal Training to be administered jointly by the PCSDS, ELAC, and MAO for

ECAN Board members, BFARMC, and selected Barangay officials; funds will be

sourced from LGU and other donor institutions

8.3.Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and harmonization of policies

and programs among PCSDS, LGU, DENR, DAR, DA and NCIP in the

implementation of ECAN zoning and its management programs

- Forging of Memorandum of Agreement between LGU, PCSD, NCIP, DA and DAR

determining and defining the coordination arrangement most appropriate in the

implementation of ECAN zoning. The ways and means of improving LGU

coordination with PCSDS, Provincial Government, DENR, DA, NCIP and other

government agencies will be examined and established.

- Co-management of ECAN zones with local community organizations, NGOs and

the private sector will be established and strengthened. The responsibilities of the

partner organizations will center but not necessarily be limited to the following:

o Local community organizations and NGO will be involved in staking the

boundaries of the core zones and in monitoring compliance of local

residents in ECAN zoning

o Private sector – tourism resort establishments and other business

establishments in the area will be involved in monitoring compliance of the

Page | 136

business community to ECAN zoning and in spearheading protection and

rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems within their area of operations

8.4.Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office with functional

permanent staff

9. Monitoring and evaluation

Main Objective: To establish and operationalize a participatory monitoring and

evaluation system for ECAN zoning

Key activities:

9.1.Establishment and operationalization of a participatory ECAN Zones M&E at the

barangay (if possible) and municipal levels

- Identification of set of indicators to be monitored and evaluate to gauge the

implementation of the plan and its impacts to communities

- Train ECAN Board Committees in the implementation of ECAN M&E

system

9.2.Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of ECAN zoning and its

guidelines at the barangay level including the changes in ECAN zones (if any) and

the guidelines for allowable uses to know how the people are using the land and

coastal/ marine resources and their compliance to zoning.

9.3.Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and coastal/marine resources and

habitats every 3 years to identify environmental parameters where critical changes

are taking place so that the necessary mitigation measures are immediately

undertaken. The environment and natural resources that should be closely

monitored include forest cover (primary and secondary forest), rattan resources, and

mangrove cover, fishery resources, coral reefs, seagrass beds, breeding sites of

terrestrial wildlife and marine mammals and sea turtles, water quality, and soil

fertility.

10. Policy Reforms

Main Objective: To introduce policy reforms and regulations to improve the effectiveness

of ECAN zoning and its management programs

Key activities:

10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines periodically to adapt to new laws,

regulations and local development needs and situation.

10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to capture changes taking place

in the localities.

Table below shows the ECAN Zone location where each strategy shall be implemented.

Suprazonal strategies are those actions encompassing more than one ECAN zone. Non-

zonal strategies are those actions that do not have spatial characteristic.

Page | 137

Table 64. Component/ Strategy Per ECAN Zone

Component/Strategy

Terrestrial Coastal

Co

re

Zo

ne

Bu

ffer-R

est

ricte

d

Bu

ffer-

Co

ntr

oll

ed

Bu

ffer-T

ra

dit

ion

al

Mu

ltip

le U

se Z

on

e

Co

re

Bu

ffer S

ust

ain

ab

le U

se

Bu

ffer G

en

era

l U

se


1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management Guidelines

1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga

1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN Board operation and its functional committees

1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and

Management Guidelines

1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN

zoning

1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones

management programs into the Annual and Medium Term Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development

Plan (CDP).


2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated information √ √ √

2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on

the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS √ √

2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various

types of markers such as physical monuments or living markers (distinctive tree or plant markers)

2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or

living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in coastal/marine core zones) √ √

Page | 138

Component/Strategy

Terrestrial Coastal

Co

re

Zo

ne

Bu

ffer-R

est

ricte

d

Bu

ffer-

Co

ntr

oll

ed

Bu

ffer-T

ra

dit

ion

al

Mu

ltip

le U

se Z

on

e

Co

re

Bu

ffer S

ust

ain

ab

le U

se

Bu

ffer G

en

era

l U

se

2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by

donor institutions)

2.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” √ √

3. Law Enforcement

3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force

3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system

3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and patrollers


4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation √ √ √ √

4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas √ √ √ √

4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities √ √ √ √

Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved

5. Sustainable Livelihood Development

5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in

Busuanga Municipality in 2006 √ √ √ √ √ √

5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality

5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood opportunities


6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and mechanisms √ √ √ √ √ √ 6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing infrastructure projects identified √ √

Page | 139

Component/Strategy

Terrestrial Coastal

Co

re

Zo

ne

Bu

ffer-R

est

ricte

d

Bu

ffer-

Co

ntr

oll

ed

Bu

ffer-T

ra

dit

ion

al

Mu

ltip

le U

se Z

on

e

Co

re

Bu

ffer S

ust

ain

ab

le U

se

Bu

ffer G

en

era

l U

se

6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research institutions √ √

6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement ECAN Zones Management Plan

Outcome 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced

7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples

7.1. Construction of IP center √

7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council

7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in the

ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance


8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities

8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional committees

8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and harmonization of policies and programs


9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and

municipal levels

9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of ECAN zoning and its guidelines

9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years

10. Policy Reforms

10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines periodically

Page | 140

Component/Strategy

Terrestrial Coastal

Co

re

Zo

ne

Bu

ffer-R

est

ricte

d

Bu

ffer-

Co

ntr

oll

ed

Bu

ffer-T

ra

dit

ion

al

Mu

ltip

le U

se Z

on

e

Co

re

Bu

ffer S

ust

ain

ab

le U

se

Bu

ffer G

en

era

l U

se

10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to capture changes taking place in the localities.

10.3. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office with functional permanent staff

Non-Zonal

Supra-Zonal

Page | 141

Table 65. Estimated Budget Requirements for ECAN Zoning Implementation and Related Environmental Management Programs (2017 – 2022)

in Thousand Pesos (‘000)

Component/ Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total

Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably

managed 4,049 14,119 16,952 6,684 11,677 11,845 65,326

1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management

Guidelines 630 480 480 550 480 480 3100

1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga 420 420 420 420 420 420 2,520

1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN

Board operation and its functional committees 60 60 60 60 60 60 360

1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN

Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and


30 30

1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP

and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN zoning 50 50

1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN

Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones

management programs into the Annual and Medium Term

Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development

Plan (CDP).

70 70 140

2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on

the ground 409 917 597 0 0 0 1923

2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated

information 100 100

2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the

core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on

the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS

309 309 618

Page | 142


2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost

effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various

types of markers such as physical monuments or living

markers (distinctive tree or plant markers)

52 52

2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the

staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or living

markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in

coastal/marine core zones)

515 515 1,030

2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground

marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by donor

institutions)

41 82 123

3. Law Enforcement 2,310 2,222 2,285 2,351 2,419 2,488 14,075

3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force 150 150

3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system 2,060 2,122 2,185 2,251 2,319 2,388 13,325

3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and

patrollers 100 100 100 100 100 100 600

4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation 700 10,500 13,590 3,783 8,778 8,877 46,228

4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation 200 100 300

4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and

implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 30,000

4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities 500 500 500 500 500 500 3,000

4.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” 3,090 3,183 3,278 3,377 12,928

Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved 7,323 5,345 40 540 40 40 13,328

5. Sustainable Economic Development 6,724 5,305 0 500 0 0 12,529

5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood

projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in Busuanga

Municipality in 2006

824 824

Page | 143


5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the

Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality 5,150 5,305 10,455

5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood

opportunities (3 products or services) 750 500 1,250

6. Sustainable Financing 599 40 40 40 40 40 799

6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and

mechanisms 309 309

6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing

infrastructure projects identified 20 20 20 20 20 20 120

6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research

institutions 20 20 20 20 20 20 120

6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement

ECAN Zones Management Plan 250 250

Outcome 3: 6,391 708 1,678 1,848 719 1,741 28,085

7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples 1,220 50 0 0 0 0 1,270

7.1. Construction of IP center 1,000 1,000

7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council 150 50 200

7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable

Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in the

ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and Zoning

Ordinance

70 70

8. Institutional Capacity Building 3382 18,382

8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities 124 124

8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional

committees 155 155

8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and

harmonization of policies and programs 103 103

Page | 144


8.4. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office with functional permanent staff 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 18,000

9. Monitoring and evaluation 639 658 1,678 698 719 1,741 6,133

9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory

ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and

municipal levels

433 446 459 473 487 502 2,800

9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation

of ECAN zoning and its guidelines 206 212 219 225 232 239 1,333

9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and

coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years 1,000 1,000 2,000

10. Policy Reforms 1,150 0 0 1,150 0 0 2,300

10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines

periodically 150 150 300

10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to

capture changes taking place in the localities. 1,000 1,000 2,000

GRAND TOTAL 17,763 20,172 18,670 9,072 12,436 13,626 106,739

*Budget was computed based on the costing of previous ECAN Plan accounting the core inflation cost of 2014-2015

Table 66. Implementing Organizations and Key Roles

Component/Activities Implementing

Organizations Key roles and responsibilities


1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management Guidelines

Page | 145



1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga LO: PCSDS

SO: LGU

PCSDS will provide staff assigned specific for the

municipality.

LGU to provide office space and fixtures.

1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN

Board operation and its functional committees

LO: LGU

SO: PCSDS

LGU to appropriate funds for ECAN Board operations.

PCSDS to provide technical assistance and coordinate

appropriate trainings.

1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN

Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and


LO: LGU

SO: PCSDS &

ECAN Board

LGU to adopt the Plan.

ECAN Board and PCSDS to facilitate adoption.

1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP

and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN

zoning

LO: LGU

SO: PCSDS &

ECAN Board

LGU to integrate the components of EZMP into

CLWUP and ZO.

ECAN Board and PCSDS to facilitate integration and

act as resource person.

1.5. Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN

Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones

management programs into the Annual and Medium Term

Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development

Plan (CDP).

LO: LGU and ECAN

Board

SO: PCSDS

LGU and ECAN Board to ensure the implementation of

integrated programs.

PCSDS and ECAN Board to monitor the

implementation.


2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated

information

LO: PCSDS, ECAN

Board and LGU

PCSDS to provide technical assistance.

LGU to provide logistics for overlay and mapping

exercises.

2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the

core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on

the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU. NGO to provide logistical

requirements and counterpart staff for the validation.

PCSD to provide technical staff.

Page | 146



2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost

effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various

types of markers such as physical monuments or living

markers (distinctive tree or plant markers)

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO

SO: PCSDS


requirements and counterpart staff for the meetings and

workshops.

PCSD to provide technical assistance.

2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the

staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or

living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in

coastal/marine core zones)

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to mobilize community

and partners.

ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to source funds for

mobilization and trainings.


2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground

marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by

donor institutions)

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO and

PCSDS


requirements and counterpart staff for the meetings and

workshops.


2.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” LO: ECAN Board,

LGU. NGO, PO,

Community

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU. NGO, PO, Community to

implement ground marking.

PCSDS to monitor implementation.

3. Law Enforcement

3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force LO: LGU, PCSD,

PNP, PCG, AFP

Agencies to provide funds and staff in the

establishment and operation of task force.

3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system LGU, ECAN Board,

PNP, PCG

Agencies to provide funds and staff in the operation of

task force.

3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and

patrollers

PNP, LGU LGU to develop incentive mechanism.


Page | 147



4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO, PO,

Community

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to mobilize community

and partners.

ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to source funds for

mapping.


4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and

implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO, PO,

Community

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU. NGO, and PO to participate in

project packaging and fund sourcing.

PCSDS to facilitate meetings and workshops.

4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities LO: LGU

SO: ECAN Board,

NGO, PO,

Community, PCSDS

LGU to conduct festivities.

ECAN Board, NGO, PO, Community and PCSDS to

participate.

Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved

5. Sustainable Economic Development

5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected

livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in

Busuanga Municipality in 2006

LO: PCSDS

SO: LGU, NCIP,

DA, PO, NGO

PCSDS to facilitate the review.

LGU, NCIP, DA, PO, and NGO to participate in the

review.

5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the

Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality

LO: PCSDS

SO: LGU, NCIP,

DA, TESDA, PO,

NGO

PCSDS to facilitate the review.

LGU, NCIP, DA, PO, and NGO to participate in fund

sourcing.

5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood

opportunities (3 products or services)

LO: Academe, DTI

SO: LGU

Academe and DTI to conduct study

LGU to communicate with concerned agencies.


6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and

mechanisms

LO: LGU

SO: PCSDS

LGU to provide logistical and budgetary requirements.

PCSDS to assist in coordination.

Page | 148



6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing

infrastructure projects identified

LO: LGU

SO: Private sector

LGU to communicate and forge partnerships with

private sector

6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research

institutions

LO: LGU

SO: DOST,

Academe, DA

LGU through MAO to request for the conduct of

agricultural researches.

DOST, Academe, and DA to conduct/fund researches.

6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement

ECAN Zones Management Plan

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board to conduct meetings.

PCSDS to facilitate and package documentation.

Outcome 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced

7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples

7.1. Construction of IP center LO: LGU, NCIP,

NGO

LGU to provide space and co-fund the construction

with NCIP and NGO.

7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council LO: NCIP and

PCSDS

SO: NGO, PO

PCSDS to declare TAZ.

PCSDS and NCIP to conduct evaluation of proposed

TAZ.

NGO and PO to fund field evaluation.

7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable

Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in

the ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and

Zoning Ordinance

LO: LGU, NCIP and

IP PO

SO: PCSD

LGU, PO and PCSDS to mainstream ADSDPP.

LGU, NCIP and to PO to mainstream customary laws.


8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, NGO, Private

Individuals/

Companies

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU, and NGO to conduct IEC.

PCSDS to provide trainings in the conduct of IEC and

social marketing.

Page | 149



8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional

committees

LO: PCSDS, ECAN

Board, LGU

PCSDS to conduct capacity building programs.

ECAN Board to participate in every training.

LGU to fund or to sources funds for the trainings.

8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism

and harmonization of policies and programs

LO: PCSDS

SO: LGU, PNP,

NCIP, DA, PMRB,

PCG, NCIP, PO,

NGO

PCSDS and LGU to design complementation

mechanisms and to facilitate meetings.

Other agencies to agree and participate in the

establishment of institutional complementation.

8.4. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural

Resources Office with functional permanent staff

LO: LGU LGU to create MENRO and appropriate funds


9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory

ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and

municipal levels

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, Community

SO: PCSDS

ECAN Board to conduct meetings.

PCSDS to facilitate and package M&E Plan.

9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the

implementation of ECAN zoning and its guidelines

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU and PCSDS to conduct evaluation

of the implementation of the zoning guidelines.

9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and

coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years

LO: ECAN Board

LGU, PCSDS

ECAN Board, LGU and PCSDS to conduct monitoring

and evaluation of the identified habitats.

10. Policy Reforms

10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines

periodically

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, PCSDS

LGU, ECAN Board and PCSDS to conduct meetings

for the updating of zoning guidelines

10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to

capture changes taking place in the localities.

LO: ECAN Board,

LGU, PCSDS, PO

ECAN Board, LGU, PO to initiate map updating based

on new information and studies.

Page | 150

CHAPTER 8: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN

The ECAN Zoning Plan, a stand-alone document pursuant to the SEP Law and its

guidelines, aims to guide the long-term sustainable management of the locally adopted

ECAN Zones. It is prepared by the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance

of the PCSDS (PCSD Resolution 2005-250, Section 25). The ECAN Board is the main

organization in charge of administering the ECAN Zoning Plan. Its implementation which

may include in policy formulation, legislation, setting up of permitting system, monitoring

and other related activities, shall be the joint responsibility of the LGU and PCSDS through

the Municipal ECAN Board (PCSD Resolution 2005-250, Section 31).

The Chairperson of the ECAN Board shall act as the ECAN Resource Management

Plan Administrator.

The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO) shall be the

Deputy Plan Administrator.

The PCSDS, through its representative to the ECAN Board, the Municipal

Planning and Development Coordinator, and the other members of the ECAN Board shall

constitute the ECAN Resource Management Plan Advisory Body. They shall assist the Plan

Administrator and Deputy Plan Administrator in the implementation of the Plan.

The latest revised ECAN guidelines (PCSD Resolution 05-250) have addressed

most of the institutional aspects on administering the plan and as stated in Section 20c of

the Local Government Code (LGC), the local government units shall continue to prepare

their comprehensive land use plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the

primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources.

In institutionalizing the ECAN Zoning Plan in the Municipality of Busuanga, the

important factors to consider are the experience and expertise of land use planners, the

political support of LGU, the continuity of the development programs, and a common grasp

of the roles of both ECAN and CLWUP in advancing the common good, maintaining the

ecological balance, and promoting sustainable development.

Schedule of ECAN plan implementation

After the formulation and approval of the plan by the ECAN Board, the following

actions are to be undertaken by the ECAN Board, with the assistance of the PCSDS.

Adoption of the ECAN Zoning Plan

This action begins with the ECAN Board’s endorsement of the plan to the

Sangguniang Bayan, followed by a public hearing at the Municipality of Busuanga. After

that, the plan should be adopted by the Sangguniang Bayan, and should be endorsed to the

Sangguniang Panlalawigan. The plan shall be finally approved by the PCSD.

Integration of the ECAN zoning plan with the municipal CLWUP

The ECAN Zoning Plan, as prepared by the ECAN Board in behalf of the LGU, shall

serve as the general physical plan of the municipality. Thus, it shall be the basis of other

Page | 151

planning activities, such as land use planning, tourism master planning and resource

management planning as a whole (PCSD Resolution 05-250, Section 30).

Adoption of the ECAN map for terrestrial, coastal/ marine and tribal component

This action may include the following steps:

a) Compilation of Generated Resource Maps from the Participatory Resource

Mapping Activity

b) Compilation of existing and proposed Marine Protected Area maps as

candidates for coastal/marine ECAN Core Zones and Multiple Use Zones.

c) Compilation of existing watershed Maps as candidates for ECAN Restricted

Use Zones

d) Compilation of existing and proposed Ancestral Domain Maps as candidates for

ECAN Tribal Zones.

e) Consultation of major stakeholders (LGU, MAO, Indigenous Groups)

Implementing organizations

Implementation of the components and activities of the ECAN Zoning Plan shall be

spearheaded by the LGU, together with the active participation of other concerned agencies

such as PCSDS, DA, DENR, DOT, PNP, DOH, DSWD, NCIP, NAMRIA, and many

others. The private sector are also expected to participate in the implementation of the plan,

for it will directly affect their economic welfare if the degradation of the environment

continues. Non-government organizations are expected to contribute as well, especially in

addressing the needs of the sectors they are currently involved in.

Possible sources of funds

The funds will not only come from the LGU. Government agencies (DENR, DA,

DSWD, DOLE, DTI, BFAR, PCCAARD-DOST, NIA, BSWM, and PCSD), institutions

(UPLB, IRRI, ATI, and PhilRice), private sector establishments (resorts, business

establishments, etc.), and NGOs (C3) will also be tapped to contribute in implementing the

ECAN Zoning Plan.

Monitoring and evaluation of the ECAN Plan

Monitoring and evaluation of the ECAN Zoning Plan, along with its programs and

projects shall be undertaken annually after its adoption by the Sangguniang Bayan.

Assisted by the PCSDS, the ECAN Board shall perform assessments to gauge the

efficiency of the administration and management of the ECAN resources as well as the

implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan.

A Monitoring Team that would monitor and evaluate the ECAN Zoning Plan

implementation shall be constituted. They shall recommend proper management

assessment tools to the ECAN Board that will measure the effectiveness of the plan

implementation. They may also use existing evaluation tools that have already been

developed from other fields related with the management of areas. Since the province of

Palawan belongs to the network of biosphere reserves inscribed by UNESCO, the

Page | 152

assessment tools developed for island biosphere reserves can be used in assessing the

management effectiveness of the ECAN Zoning Plan of Busuanga.

The monitoring procedure shall include an assessment of the sustainability of the

programs and projects under this plan which shall cover the determination of whether the

targets have been completed. Also, assessment of the projects shall be done with the

following aspects as measures for evaluation:

a) Economic Viability

b) Ecological Viability

c) Technological Viability

d) Socio-cultural Viability

e) Political Viability

f) Institutional Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability

Page | 153

ANNEXES

ANNEX A: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS

Key Informant Interview Questionnaire for ECAN Resource Management Planning

Name Designation

SB Zandro de Jesus Councilor

Ruben Cabajar Councilor

Alberto Derecno Councilor

Crisanta Cervantes Church leader

Luningning Apolinario Church leader (Pastoral President)

Josephine Sapio School Teacher

Virginia Evanghelista Women Sector

John Joseph Panday Youth

Muammar Princess Soniega Scientific Community(C3)

Shalom Pareja Scientific Community(C3)

Rosalyn Barangay Appointee- Brgy. Bogtong

Water Works Sanitation

Edilberto D. Gatchalian Municipal Engineer

Alicia Gabarda Selestia ECAN Board President

Ma. Theresa T. Rabe MAO Head

Myrahlyn L. Deraco MAO Staff (Agricultural Technician)

Marlo M. Dagomboy MPDC

Harrison Magtanong MPDO Staff

Jecille A. Araza DILG Staff

Edilderto Borejon Brgy. Captain

Danilo Servantes Brgy. Captain

Ardon Libara Brgy. Captain

Midargo Macanasino Brgy. Captain

David E. Agnes Brgy. Captain

Ricardo D. Nacachi Brgy. Captain

Medardo Macanas Brgy. Captain

Rodolfo Montez Brgy. Captain

Nora Catananca Brgy. Captain

Lisabelle B. Hagus Brgy. Secretary

Erdolfo Borejon Farmer

Randy Madador PWD Respresentative

Stocktaking of Municipal Environmental Initiatives Questionnaire for ECAN Zones

Management Planning

Name Designation

Alicia G. Selestia ECAN Board President

Roselyn Nadado MDRRM Staff

Segundo E. Aguilar MDRRMO

Ma. Theresa Rabe MAO Head

Dulao Social Worker

Felixberto C. Ramos TOAI

Marlo M. Dagomboy MPDC

Page | 154

ANNEX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ECAN

Field instrument 1: KII threats questionnaire

ECAN Resource Management Planning

Key Informant Interview Questionnaire (ECAN Needs + Projects) DPSIR Model

Questionnaire No.: _______

The needs and priorities of the municipality often depend on the kinds of problems and issues that occur in it.

Before we are able to introduce new projects, we must be able to identify first the threats and opportunities in

our area. Since the problems and issues that confront us are often complex, we must also be able to analyze

what are the causes and the impacts of our major problems. The analysis will help us prioritize our needs and

also the resources we must apply to solve our problems. For the identified needs/problems/issues/opportunities,

we will specify the solutions and actions that will address them.

Analysis will be aided by DPSIR framework2. In this framework, there is a chain of causal links starting with

‘driving forces’ (economic sectors, human activities) through ‘pressures’ (emissions, waste) to

‘states’(physical, chemical and biological) and ‘impacts’ on ecosystems, human health and functions,

eventually leading to political ‘responses’ (prioritisation, target setting, indicators).The components of the

DPSIR framework are defined in the following:

Driving force = Needs/Issues

Pressure = threats and problems

State = Current state of environment and natural resources

Impact = impact

Response = present actions taken to resolve issues and challenges

Gaps = in the actions taken

Proposed actions = measures that need to be undertaken to address gaps

Target Respondents for Municipal KII – Mayor, Municipal Councilor (committee chair on agriculture, fisheries,

environment and livelihood), MAO and staff, MPDC and staff, MENRO and staff, Tourism officer, NGO, PO

representative, Business and Industry (2), Church, school (principal or head teacher), IP leader, Women,

Children and Youth, Workers and Trade Unions (MFARMC), Scientific and Technological Communities,

Farmers and Small Forest Landowners

Note: Bring ECAN Map during the interview (ECAN Map must show boundaries, roads, built-up areas, and

other landmarks for reference)

Municipality: ________________ Barangay: _______________

Date & Time of KII:______________________Interviewer: ________________________

I. Personal details of respondent

1. Name (Pangalan): _____________________________

2. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ___________________________

3. Occupation (Trabaho): ________________________________

4. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): _______________________________

5. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): _____________

2 Based on EEA 1998: Guidelines for Data Collection and Processing - EU State of the Environment

Report. Annex 3.

Page | 155

II. Sustainable Development Analysis of the Community/ Municipality using DPSIR in each of the ECAN Zone

Identify three (3) major

1. ECAN Core Zone (Terrestrial and Coastal Core Zones)

Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions

a.

b.

c.

2. ECAN Buffer- Restricted Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal)


a.

b.

c.

3. ECAN Buffer- Controlled Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal)


a.

b.

c.

Page | 156

4. ECAN Buffer- Traditional Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal)


a.

b.

c.

5. ECAN Multiple Use Zone (General Use in ECAN Coastal)


a.

b.

c.

6. Tribal Ancestral Zone (Terrestrial and Coastal)


a.

b.

c.

Page | 157

IV. Opportunities

12. What do you think are the opportunities (or factors that have a positive effect on the community)

that can assist in the sustainable development and livelihood of your municipality once these are

developed or utilized? Categories of opportunities are as follows.

(Ano sa palagay nyo ang mga oportunidad (o mga bagay na may positibong epekto sa komunidad) na

pwedeng makatulong sa pangmatagalang kaunlaran at kabuhayan ng inyong munisipyo sakaling ito ay

ma-develop o magamit?)

13. Provide specific correspondence in each category.

12. Opportunities 13. Particulars Remarks

a. Presence of natural resources that

can be harnessed and developed

for livelihood in a sustainable

manner

b. Human resources or local

organizations that can manage and

catalyze resource conservation

and sustainable development

c. National and local policies

supportive of social, economic

and environmental development

in the barangay cluster

d. Private and Civic Society

Organization (CSO) support to the

undertakings of local development

projects

e. Accessibility to local markets and

financing institutions to support

development projects

f. Availability of conservation

technology for adoption by local

farmers and fishermen

g. Potential supply of water and

energy

h. Access to social services

i. Adequacy of support

infrastructure and facilities

j. Availability of sanitation and solid

waste disposal facilities

k. Others

Page | 158

ANNEX C: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STOCKTAKING OF MUNICIPAL

ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES (for ECAN Zones Management Planning)

Field instrument 2: Stocktaking

For Head/Staff of MENRO, MAO, MCDO. MEEDO, MTO, MSWD and MPDO

Offices:

PCSD Resolution No. 05-250, Section 25. Preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. After the approval of the ECAN

Map, the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS, shall prepare an ECAN Zoning

Plan taking into consideration the following:

Municipality: ________________ Barangay: _______________

Date & Time of KII:______________________Interviewer: ________________________ I. Personal details of respondent

1. Name (Pangalan): _____________________________

2. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ___________________________

3. Occupation (Trabaho): ________________________________

4. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): _______________________________

5. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): _____________

What are the efforts of the municipality in addressing the following development issues?

1. Stakeholders' participation in the protection conservation, development, exploitation and restoration of natural resources in the area;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Encroachment of commercial fishing vessels on municipal waters;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Treatment of protected areas under the NIPAS; [include barangay/municipal declared PAs]

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Inter-agency participation;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Protection of coastal/marine areas and enforcement of fishery laws;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page | 159

6. Monitoring and evaluation schemes [to include coastal pollution monitoring and control to understand water pollution of the area and to institute measures complementary to the PCSDS environmental quality regulation];

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Regulatory measures or permitting system;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Application of resource rents or user charges;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Management of funds from proceeds of license fees;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Allowable activities for each zone; [CLUP land use zones and/or ECAN zones]

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Development activities in small islands;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Waste disposal and sewage; [solid and liquid waste]

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Provision of alternative livelihood projects;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Protection of the access rights of the community to the natural resources;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Migration and settlement within the coastal areas; and

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page | 160

16. Appropriation of funds for the implementation of the plan and the management of the ECAN zones.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Others identified to be necessary and relevant

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page | 161

ANNEX D: RESOURCE AND ECAN OVERLAY RESOURCE MAPS OF THE

BARANGAYS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BUSUANGA

Figure 21. Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong

Page | 162

Figure 22. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong

Page | 163

Figure 23. Resource Map of Barangay Buluang

Page | 164

Figure 24. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Buluang

Bulua

ng

Page | 165

Figure 25. Resource Map of Calauit Island

Page | 166

Figure 26. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Calauit Island

Page | 167

Figure 27. Resource Map of Barangay Cheey

Page | 168

Figure 28. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Cheey

Page | 169

Figure 29. Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion

Page | 170

Figure 30. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion

Page | 171

Figure 31. Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

Page | 172

Figure 32. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

Page | 173

Figure 33. Resource Map of Barangay New Busuanga

Page | 174

Figure 34. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

Page | 175

Figure 35. Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga

Page | 176

Figure 36. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga

Page | 177

Figure 37 Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan

Page | 178

Figure 38. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan

Page | 179

Figure 39. Resource Map of Barangay Quezon

Page | 180

Figure 40. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Quezon

Page | 181

Figure 41. Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada

Page | 182

Figure 42. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada

Page | 183

Figure 43. Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion

Page | 184

Figure 44. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion

Figure 45. Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro

Page | 185

Figure 46. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro

Page | 186

Figure 47. Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael

Page | 187

Figure 48. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael

Page | 188

Figure 49. Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino

Page | 189

Figure 50. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino

Page | 190

ANNEX E: OUTPUT OF THE PARTICIPATORY ECAN PLANNING WORKSHOP

Table 67. Action Planning Matrix

ACTION AREA TIMEFRAME LEAD AND SUPPPORT

ORGANIZATIONS REMARKS

Core Zone

Pressure 1: Illegal logging

and wildlife poaching

(upland)

Cheey, Bogtong

Action 1: Establish/

Organize Bantay-gubat per

barangay and create

MENRO

Municipal wide

On-going and

expected to be

executed on the

first semester of first

year for Bantay

Gubat

LGU

ECAN Board

DENR

Remark: Establishment of

bantay-gubat has already started

in Barangay Cheey and Bogtong

(Late 2015). An upgrade in the

communication and monitoring

system will also be considered,

as well as their training and

reinforcement.

Action 2: Reforestation

(Tree planting)

Next year (on going) ECAN Board

Action 3 : Alternative

Livelihood

LGU, NGO, POs Remark: Potential livelihood

sources such as handicraft

making, and dugong key chain

making were identified yet

conduct of alternative livelihood

needs assessment is also desired.

Action 4: training for

enforcement

To be established on

2017

LGU

Action 5: Establishment of

Forest Protected Area

(FPA) in ECAN Map

ECAN Board, LGU

Remarks: Panlaitan: Quarrying

Sand and gravel in Aplaya

Pressure 2: Dugong and

Pawikan bycatch

All barangays

except

concepcion,

Page | 191

sagrada,

bogtong,

Action1: Dugong Protected

Management Zones

Using Rapid Assessment

Score Cards

To be started by 2017

C3 This process will be done by

ranking score (activities) as

threat in the local population

Action2: IECs on dugong

conservation and nesting

site conservation

C3, NGO

Action 3:IECs on nesting

site conservation and

forging of conservation

agreements with resort

owners

LGU, NGO, C3, Resort

owners for management ( Ex:

North Cay)

Resort owners are responsible

for the management of turle

nesting sites and dugong

conservation sites

Pressure 3: Unsustainable


(kaingin)

Buluang, Old

Busuanga, San

rafaael, New

Busuanga, San

Isidro

Action 1: Conduct IECs

For forest management

Municipal wide

2016 LGU, NGO, PCSD

Action 2: Alternative

livelihood

2016/2017 LGU, NGO Potential livelihood sources

such as handicraft making were

identified yet conduct of

alternative livelihood needs

assessment is also desired.

Action 3: Strict

Implementation of policies:

EO 23, PD 705

As soon as possible LGU, DENR, DAR, ECAN

Board, PNP, Barangay

Pressure 4 : Harvesting of

corals

All barangays

concerned

Page | 192

Action 1: Strict

Implementation of RA

10654 by the ECAN Board

Municipal Wide

2017

LGU, DENR, ECAN Board

Action 2: Establishment of

PCSD office or PCSD

representative based in

Busuanga Surveillance and

Monitoring Team)

PCSD, LGU Remarks: The establishment of

a PCSD office in the

municipality will help the

establishment of a surveillance

and monitoring team on the

harvesting of corals.

Action 3: Provide

Alternative livelihood

LGU Remark: Conduct of alternative

livelihood needs assessment

Buffer Zone: Restricted Use Zone

Pressure 1: Timber

Poaching and Kaingin

Farming

Action 1:Provide alternative

sources of livelihood

(handicrafts, mat weaving,

food processing)

DENR, DA, NGO, DSWD

Action 2: Stricter

implementation of PD 705

with the establishment of

incentive and reward system

DENR, ECAN Board, PNP,

Barangay

Action 3: Organize annual

tree festival together with

reforestation programs and

activities

DENR, LGU

Action 4: Increase budget

for programs concerned

with the protection and

conservation of forest

LGU, DENR

Pressure 2: Wildlife

Poaching

Action 1:Strengthen

implementation of policies

DENR, PCSD, ECAN Board

Page | 193

regarding wildlife (Wildlife

Resources and Conservation

and Protection Act, RA

9147)

Action 2: Conduct IEC

campaigns in the protection

of wildlife

ECAN Board, PCSD,

Barangay

Action 3: Provide

alternative livelihoods to

local communities engaged

in hunting wildlife for food

and trade

DOLE, DTI, DENR, DA,

LGU, DSWD

Action 4: Establish a

wildlife protection unit and

rescue center

PCSD, DENR, LGU

Buffer Zone: Controlled Use Zone

Pressure 1:Mountain

Quarry without permit

Pressure 1:Mountain

Quarry without permit

Action 1: Proper

communication between

LGU and private companies

regarding permitting

PCSD, LGU

Action 2: Review and

update of fees, charges, and

requirements

Pressure 2: Wildlife

Poaching

Action 1:Strengthen

implementation of policies

regarding wildlife (Wildlife

Resources and Conservation

and Protection Act, RA

9147)

DENR, PCSD, ECAN Board

Page | 194

Action 2: Conduct IEC

campaigns in the protection

of wildlife

ECAN Board, PCSD,

Barangay

Action 3: Provide

alternative livelihoods to

local communities engaged

in hunting wildlife for food

and trade

DOLE, DTI, DENR, DA,

LGU, DSWD

Action 4: Establish a

wildlife protection unit and

rescue center

PCSD, DENR, LGU

Buffer Zone: Traditional Use Zone

Pressure 1: Illegal Fishing

Action 1: Stricter

implementation of laws (RA

10654)

BFAR, LGU, PNP Maritime,

PCSD, Barangays

Action 2: Establish law

enforcement team (barangay

counterpart)

Action 3: Designate more

people to work for the

protection of MPAs as well

as the creation of MPA

Management Board

Action 4: IEC Campaigns

on trade of live fish

Action 5: Active

involvement of local fishers

organization

Pressure 2: Increase

interest in agricultural

research

Page | 195

Action 1: Provision of

funds for research

PCCAARD-DOST

Action 2: Coordinate and

request agricultural

institutions to conduct and

provide funding for

agricultural researches in

traditional zones

PhilRice, UPLB, IRRI, DA,

ATI

Pressure 3: Lack of

Irrigation System

Action 1: Provide stable

irrigation systems

(infrastructure

development); repair

damaged irrigation canals

and construct new irrigation

facilities for irrigable upland

areas

NIA, DA, BSWM

Action 2: Tap other sources

of water (watersheds) in

order to improve capacities

of irrigation facilities

Action 3: Develop public

and private partnership for

small and large scale

irrigation

Multiple Use Zone

Pressure 1: Absence Of

Secondary Health Care

Facilities (Hospital, to

cater to municipality and

visiting tourists)

Page | 196

Action 1: Immediate

construction of multi-storey

building within the

municipal complex to serve

as hospital with integrated

Municipal Health Office,

complete with equipment,

medicine supplies

Municipal Wide

Action 2:Creation of

plantilla positions for

additional health personnel

for primary and secondary

health care facilities (MHO

and hospital)

Pressure 2: Rampant

Gravel and Sand

Extraction

Action 1: Strict monitoring

of areas for gravel and sand

extraction

Salvacion, Old

Busuanga, San

Rafael, Sto.

Nino, New

Busuanga,

Quezon

Action 2: Regular follow up

of PRMB personnel for the

gravel and sand area where

gravel sand extraction

happens

Inconsistent visit of PRMB in

areas of concern

Action 3: Strict

implementation of

environmental laws related

to quarrying such as mining

LGU, DENR, ECAN Board,

PCSD, Provincial

government

Page | 197

act, PCSD AO 6, provincial

ordinance

Pressure 3: Cutting of

Mangroves

Action 1: Provide

Alternative Livelihood

(Cash for Work)

Salvacion,

Calauit,

Bogtong,

Sagrada,

Old Busuanga

Action 2: Continue NGO

initiatives (to monitor the

area)

Action 3: Strict

Implementation of PSCD

AO 11and RA 10654 (Esp.

apprehension to Law

Breakers)

LGU, PCSD, ECAN Board,

FARMC, DENR

Tribal Ancestral Zone

Driver 1: No clear

boundaries

(Land ownership)

Panlaitan,

Maglalambay,

Calauit

Action1: Update land use

plan of LGU (CLUP) by

including all plans like

ADSDPP

Municipal Wide

2017

LGU, ECAN

Action2: Review plans and

harmonize laws

LGU

Page | 198

Action 3: Conduct meetings

with LGU and other

agencies

LGU, IPs

Action 4: IEC of NCIP

(barangay and municipal

level) on IPRA law

NCIP, LGU and IPs

Driver 2: Need for IP

center

Place center in

Salvacion

Action 1: Constant support

from LGU for maintenance

of centers to be established

Brgy. Panlaitan

Concepcion

2017

NGO, LGU

Action 2: Report system of

current status of projects

IPs

Driver 3: Cave

preservation

Malajon, Buluang

(Elet Island), Calauit

Action 1: Regular meetings,

IECs, and assistance from

LGU

LGU, NGO

Driver 4: Need for Fund

for CADT

Action: Strengthen

partnership with NGO

Areas without

funding:

Concepcion

(depelenged)-

already filed,

Cheey

(lakdayan) ,

New Busuanga,

LGU, NGO

Page | 199

The actions were further grouped into strategies which are shown in Tables 67. This was done in order to see the

corresponding actions in addressing the pressures present in each zone. Also, it is better to see the actions as a strategy-based plan

for it will aid in an easier implementation mechanism. The results of the planning workshop were further refined and presented in

ECAN Management Program in Chapter 7 of this plan.

Table 68. Strategies in addressing the threats to sustainable development

Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones

1. Alternative Livelihood Support

a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching

b. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin)

c. Timber Poaching

d. Cutting of Mangroves

e. Harvesting of corals

a. Core

b. Buffer

(Restricted)

c. Buffer

(Controlled)

d. Multiple Use

2. Information, Education, Communication

Campaign

- Dugong conservation

- Turtle’s nesting site conservation

- Forest management

a. Dugong and Pawikan bycatch

b. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin)

a. Core

Panlaitan, San

Isidro, Buluang

(organized by

ELAC),

Sagrada, San

Rafael.

Calauit- issued

last 2009

Page | 200


- Protection of wildlife

-

- Campaigns on trade of live fish

- Cave Preservation

- NCIP (barangay and municipal level) on

IPRA law

c. Illegal Fishing

d. Damaging of Caves

b. Buffer

(Restricted)

c. Buffer

(Controlled)

d. Buffer

(Traditional)

e. Tribal

3. Establishment of Organizations/Capacity

Building

a. Bantay-gubat per barangay

b. Create MENRO

c. Law enforcement team

d. Establishment of PCSD office or PCSD

representative based in Busuanga

e. Training for enforcement

f. Active involvement of local fishers

organization

g. Bantay-Dagat

a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching (upland)

b. Wildlife Poaching

c. Illegal Fishing

d. Need for Fund for CADT

e. Absence Of Secondary Health Care Facilities

(Hospital, to cater to municipality and visiting

tourists)

a. Core

b. Buffer

(Restricted)

c. Buffer

(Controlled)

d. Buffer

(Traditional)

e. Tribal

f. Multiple Use

Page | 201


h. Strengthen partnership with NGO

i. Creation of plantilla positions for

additional health personnel for primary

and secondary health care facilities

(MHO and hospital)

4. Strengthen implementation of laws

a. PD 705 with the establishment of

incentive and reward system

b. Wildlife Resources and Conservation

and Protection Act, RA 9147

c. RA 10654

d. Laws on Quarrying

a. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin)

b. Cutting of Mangroves

c. Wildlife Poaching

d. Harvesting of corals

e. Illegal Fishing

f. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction

a. Core

b. Buffer

(Restricted)

c. Buffer

(Controlled)

d. Buffer

(Traditional)

e. Multiple Use

5. Preservation and Conservation

a. Reforestation

b. Establishment of Forest Protected Area

(FPA) in ECAN Map

c. Dugong Protected Management Zones

Using Rapid Assessment Score Cards

a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching (upland)

b. Dugong and Pawikan bycatch

c. Wildlife Poaching

a. Core

b. Buffer

(Restricted)

Page | 202


d. Establishment or Rescue Center

e. Designate more people to work for the

protection of MPAs

f. Formulation of tree festival together with

reforestation programs and activities

g. Increase budget for programs concerned


forest

h. Continue NGO initiatives

d. Illegal Fishing

e. Timber Poaching and Kaingin Farming

c. Buffer

(Controlled)

d. Buffer

(Traditional)

6. Monitoring and Surveillance

a. Establishment of PCSD office or PCSD

representative based in Busuanga

b. Areas for gravel and sand extraction

c. Report system of current status of

projects

d. Continue NGO initiatives

a. Harvesting of corals

b. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction

c. Need for IP center

a. Core

b. Multiple

c. Tribal

7. Proper Communication

a. Between LGU and private companies

b. Regular follow up of PRMB personnel

for the gravel and sand area where gravel

sand extraction happens

c. Conduct meetings with LGU and other

agencies

a. Mountain Quarry without permit

b. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction

c. No clear boundaries

(Land ownership)

a. Buffer(Controlle

d)

b. Multiple Use

c. Tribal

Page | 203


d. Constant support from LGU for

maintenance of centers

d. Need for IP center

Reviewing and Updating of Plans and

Requirements for Permits

e. Fees, charges, and requirements for

quarry

f. Land use plan of LGU (CLUP) by

including all plans like ADSDPP

Mountain Quarry without permit

No clear boundaries

(Land ownership)

Buffer (Controlled) ,

Tribal

8. Prioritization and Request for

Sustainable Funding

a. Provide funds for research

b. Coordinate and request - agricultural

institutions to conduct and provide

funding for agricultural researches in

traditional zones

a. Increase interest in agricultural research

a. Buffer

(Traditional)

9. Infrastructure Development

a. Repair damaged irrigation canals and



b. Tap other sources of water in order to


c. Immediate construction of multi-storey

building within the municipal complex

to serve as hospital with integrated

Municipal Health Office, complete with

equipment, medicine supplies

a. Lack of Irrigation System

b.

c. Absence Of Secondary Health Care Facilities

(Hospital, to cater to municipality and visiting

tourists)

a. Buffer

(Traditional)

b. Multiple Use

c. Multiple Use

Page | 204

REFERENCES

Bernert, et al. 2014.Impact Assessment of Climate Change of Coral Reefs in

Busuanga, Palawan. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved from

http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/conferences/dlsu_research_congress/2014/_pdf/proc

eedings/SEEIV-036-FT.pdf

Capistrano, R. (2010). Indigenous Peoples, Their Livelihoods And Fishery Rights In

CanadaAnd The Philippines: Paradoxes, Perspectives And Lessons Learned.

New York: Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Offic of Legal

Affairs, United Nations.

Cariño, J. (2005). Indigenous peoples’ right to free, prior, informed consent:

reflections on concepts and practice. Arizona Journal of International and

Comparative Law 31 , p. 31.

Charnov, B. & Montana, P. (1993). Management: A Streamlined Course for Students

and Business People. Ney York: Barron's Business Review Series. pp. 155-

169

Conservation Intenational Philippines.(2016). Palawan Biodiversity Corridor.The

Philippines' last biodiversity frontier. Retrieved from

http://www.conservation.org/global/philippines/where/palawan/Pages/palaw

an_biodiversit y_corridor.aspx

Dalusung- Rodriguez, M. (2015). Roxas Pride Campaign: Envoironmental and Social

Marketing Strategy Towards Behavioral Change for Sustainable Fisheries at

Caramay Marine Protected Area (MPA) and Adjacent MPAs in Roxas,

Palawan. Our Palawan, 1. Retrieved from

http://pcsd.gov.ph/OurPalawanJournal/OUR%20PALAWAN.pdf

Elvin E. Edonga. (2015). Municipal Requlatory Ordinance No.17, (Series of 2015)

ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality

2006. Puerto Princesa City, Palawan: Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development.

Fauna Survey Report for Busuanga Municipality 2006. Puerto Princesa City,

Palawan: Palawan Council for Sustainable Development.

Flora Survey Report for Busuanga Municipality 2006. Puero Princesa City, Palawan:

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development.

Fuentes, R., et al. n.d. The Role of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Reserves in

Climate Change Adaptation: Experience from Palawan Biosphere Reserve in

the Philippines. Philipines: PCSD. Retrieved from

http://www.pkp.pcsd.gov.ph/ourpalawan/OUR%20PALAWAN%205.pdf

Page | 205

Municipal Accountant Office.(n.d.).Consolidated Quarterly Report on Government

Projects, Programs or Activities for the 4th Quarter, CY 2015. Busuanga,

Palawan.

Municipal Accountant Office.(n.d.). Report of SEF Utilization For the Quarter Ended

December 31, 2015. Busuanga, Palawan

Municipal Accountant Office.(n.d.).Report on Utilization of Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management Fund As of the Quarter Ended December 31, 2015.

Busuanga, Palawan.

Municipal Budget Office.(n.d.).Statement of Financial Performance- GF For the

Year Ended December 31, 2015. Busuanga, Palawan.

Municipal Planning Development Office.(n.d.).Local Development Investment Plan

CY 2015-2020. Busuanga, Palawan

Municipal Planning Development Office.(2015). Local Poverty Reduction Action

Plan for FY 2015.Busuanga, Palawan

Municipal Planning Development Office.(n.d.). 20% Development Fund Utilization

Report As of Deember 31, 2015 4th Quarter 2015

Office of the Sangguniang Bayan.(2013). Busuanga Tourism Code of 2013.

Office of the Secretary to the Sanggunian.(n.d.).Resolution/ Ordinances enacted/

passed by the Sangguniang Bayan 2013 (January to December 2013).

Busuanga, Palawan



Busuanga, Palawan



Busuanga, Palawan

Lopez, D and Poonian C. 2016. Small-Scale Mariculture: A Potentially Significant

Threat to Dugongs (Dugong dugon) Through Incidental Entanglement.

Palawan, Philippines. Retrieved from

http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/attachments/article/1407/AM%2042

.1%20Poonia n_Lopez%20et%20al.pdf

Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan (2014). Community Based Monitoring System.

Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan (2014).Socio-Economic Profile.

Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan (2014).Municipal Profile.

Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Busuanga Palawan (2014). Field Health

Service Iformation System.

Busuanga Municipal Police Station, Busuanga, Palawan.

Page | 206

Municipal Fire Prevention Office, Busuanga, Palawan.

Municipal Planning and Development Office, Busuanga, Palawan.

National Economic Development Authority.(2014). Philippine Development Plan

2011-2016 MIDTERM UPDATE With Revalidated Results Matrices.

http://www.neda.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2014/08/NEDA-PDP-2011-

2016-MidtermUpdate+Errata2.pdf

Naughton, L. (2007). Collaborative Land Use Planning: Zoning for Conservation and

Development in Protected Areas. Tenure Brief, 4. Retrieved from

http://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&rct=j&q=problems

%20in%20

multiple%20use%20zones%20philippines&ved=0ahUKEwjJk_Wzo6nLAh

UFmJQKHa9

mAE8QFgghMAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelson.wisc.edu%2Fltc%

2Fdocs%2F! ltcbrief4-

oning_protected_areas.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGwRi1p9yyIJe4YVfhkPsZR8Cur

BQ

Official Gazette (n.d).List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines. Retrieved from

http://www.gov.ph/lists/world- heritage-sites-in-the-philippines/

Palawan Council for Sustaiable Development.(n.d). PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 05-

250. http://pcsd.gov.ph/resolutions/resolutions/sep/res05-250.htm

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development.(n.d.).Sep Law.REPUBLIC ACT

7611. Retrieved from http://pcsd.gov.ph/sep_law/ra7611.htm

Palawan Coucil for Sustainable Development Staff.(n.d.).Manual of Operations.

Retrieved from

http://pcsd.gov.ph/Transparency%20Seal/Manual%20of%20Operations%20

working%20d ocument%20(1).pdf

Roberts, T., & Rose, R. (2011).Our Sustainability Commitment. Oregon: Good

Company.

Sandalo, R., & Baltazar, T. (1997).The Palawan Biosphere Reserve. Palawan: South-

South Cooperation Programme for Environmentally Sound Socio-Economic

Development in the Humid Tropics.

Documents

Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan ... PLANS AND POLICIES FOR 2016/07. Bus… · Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan ... the ecological profile