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Municipal Waste as a Viable FuelMunicipal Waste as a Viable Fuel
Dr Robert EdenDr Robert Eden
Technical Director Technical Director
PT NOEIPT NOEI
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
1. GALFAD - An Integrated Waste Disposal Concept
2. Anaerobic digestion3. Landfill gas utilisation4. Thermal waste treatment
GALFAD
GALFAD
An integrated waste management system
GALFAD
GA – Gasification (pyrolysis)
LF – LandFill gas
AD – Anaerobic digestion
MSW PATHWAY OPTIONS
GALFAD
• Separation• Wet- waste to anaerobic digestion• Dry-waste to pyrolysis• Bio-solids to compost• Biogas and syngas to electricity
SEPARATION
SEPARATION
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process for converting organic materials into a combustible gas
It normally takes place in a wet environment and in the absence of any air
Organic materials are broken down to produce methane and carbon dioxide
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
LANDFILL GAS UTILISATION
Puchong LFS -Malaysia
Xing Feng LFS - China
Landfill gas power station
Fuel skids
PYROLYSIS / GASIFICATION
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
WASTE
materials recovery
compacting air lock
steam
cyclonicseparator
particulates >10 microns
bottom ash
1250°C
air
Fuel(warm-up
only)
bypassdamper
Boiler
Turbine
Heat
Electricity
Bag Filter
DeNOxCatalyst
Stack
carbon recycling
Feed Preparation
Pyrolysis Gasification OxidationEnergy
RecoveryFlue GasClean Up
air
Ammonia
SodiumBicarbonate
Condenser
Waste Feed
Pyrolysis Tubes
Pyrolysis & Gasification
Thermal Oxidation
Waste Heat Boiler
EmissionsAbatement
General layout of an MT2 unit
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
mg/Nm3
11% 02@ 273K & 101.3kPa
EU Directive
Limits s: spot / d:daily ½ hour
Compact Power
Particulates 10 (d) 30 0.2
VOC’s as carbon 10 (d) 20 Trace
NO (NO + NO2) 200 (d) 400 <37
HCl 10 (d) 60 2
HF 1 (d) 4 <0.1
SO2 50 (d) 200 < 2.5
CO 50 (d) 150 Trace
Cd & Tl 0.05 (s) 0.006
Mercury 0.05 (s) 0.006
Pb Cr Cu Mn Ni As Sb Co V Sn 0.5 (s) 0.006
Dioxins TEQ ng/Nm3 0.1 (s) <0.003
N2O 30 (d) Trace
NH3 10 (d) 20 < 1
Typical results for clinical, pharmaceutical and other wastes
ACCEPTABLE WASTE TYPES
refuse derived fuel (RDF)
clinical waste
municipal solid waste(MSW)
dried sludge
shredded tyres
commercial waste
SummarySummary
• Every site is unique• Of critical importance is the specific waste composition and in particular the moisture content• 100 tonnes per day of feedstock (typically 175 tonnes per day of waste) will generate 2.5 MW of power
GALFAD