Municipal

Solid Waste

Management

International Center for

Environmental Audit &

Sustainable Development

Perspectives, Best

Practices & Case Study

Components of Municipal Solid Waste

Composition of waste

is an important factor

in developing any

intervention

Though the

composition of waste

varies geographically,

a large component of

Indian HH waste still

remains

Biodegradable

53%

8%

9%1%

1%

5%

4%

19%

Physical Composition of Indian Household waste

Biodegradables

Paper

Plastics/Rubber

Metal

Glass

Rags

Other

Inert

Rules pertaining to MSWM

Came into effect in the year 2000 through a Supreme Court intervention

The Rules, applicable to every Municipal authority, lay down guidelines for

effective waste management system in context to Indian scenario.

Municipal authority responsible for any infrastructure development for

collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of

municipal solid wastes.

Littering of municipal solid waste prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas

Door to Door Collection of waste from all commercial and domestic waste

generation points.

Collection vehicle shall be containerized

Proper waste collection schedule notified by Municipal authority

Rules pertaining to MSWM

Community awareness program for primary segregation of waste at source

Covered, hygienic facility for storage of waste

Color coding of storage facility

Biodegradable waste – Green Recyclable – White/Blue Inert - Black

Covered Vehicle to be used for Transportation of waste

Avoid Multiple Handling of waste

Suitable, low cost technologies, in context to waste component, to be adopted

for processing of waste

Biodegradable - Vermicomposting/aerobic Digestion

Recyclable – Pelletization

Inert – Scientific Landfilling

Waste processing site and Landfill shall be away from any habitation clusters

and shall be a no-development zone

All important measures for pollution abatement, as laid down, shall be strictly

complied with

Hierarchy of Waste Management System

Municipal Council Municipal Commissioner

Administration

Health

Finance

Town Planning

Revenue

Engineering

Standing Committee

Mayor/President Chairman

Municipal Secretary

Executive Powers

Funct

ional Cla

ssific

ation

Geographical

Classification

Zones

Circles

Wards

Chief Auditor

Policy Making

Municipal Corporation

Present Methodology

Municipal Corporation

Waste Collection &

Transportation

Landfill ManagementWaste Processing

Tendering Process

Private Agency Private Agency Private Agency

Problem in Design

Linear, Centralized Model

No Regulatory Mechanism

Stakeholders left unattended

Lack of Customization while designing the model

Zero Community Participation leads to

Lack of ownership in the waste producer

Lack of ownership in the workers

Disenchantment amongst all stakeholders

Problem in Implementation

Fault in Design leads to Fault in Implementation

Lack of technical expert => everyone becomes expert

Lack of technical expertise => huge financial losses

Lack of technical expertise => No coordination

WM still perceived as cleaning of area

Zero accountability of authorities and the implementing agency

Best Practices

Implementation on a larger scale

Model making

Overcoming the lacuna

Monitoring and evaluation

Implementation

Action plan for an area

Group discussion & brainstorming with experts

Identify the issues at local level

Process Flowchart

Household

Waste

Non-biodegradable

Recyclable Waste

Recycling

Inert Waste

Landfill

Biodegradable

Composting

Used for agriculture

and landscaping

Door to Door Collection

Open Body

Six Container Tricycle

Hydraulic Tipper

Closed Tipping Bodies with

two Compartments

Waste

Transportation

Street Sweeping

Two shifts

Workers with protective Gears

Skill training to workers

Women employment generated

Working in hygienic conditions

Using long handled brooms

Equipment with best ergonomic

designs

Minimum Occupational Hazards

Visible Sign Marks for IEC activities

Clear sign boards

Cooperation with Local MC

Sign boards about road sweeping

Proper Garbage Bins

Area based customization

Processing Technologies

Processing and Landfilling

Landfill SiteLandfill Site

Vermi Compost Plant Vermi Compost Plant

Before PPP After PPP

Processing and Landfilling