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Medieval cademy of merica
Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de Vilamajor (Catalonia): A
Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060Author(s): Anscari M. MundóSource:
Speculum, Vol. 49, No. 2 (Apr., 1974), pp. 238-257Published by:
Medieval Academy of AmericaStable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2856042 .
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
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DOMAINS AND
RIGHTS
OF
SANT PERE
DE
VILAMAJOR
CATALONIA):
A POLYPTYCH
OF c. 950 AND c. 1060*
BY
ANSCARI M. MUND6
THEcurious
ocument
o
be presentederewas called o
my ttentionn 1958
by mygoodfriend
osep
M.
Pons
Guri,
who
t that ime ntendedo
prepare
transcription.ith
xcessive
modesty,
e askedme to
revise
is
work
nd,
at
the ame ime, o provide study hatwould
lace
he ext n tshistoric
etting
and make
known
ts
mportance.
he document
s
preserved
n
theArxiuHis-
toric
Museu
FidelFita at
Arenys
e
Mar
(pr.Barcelona).'
On first lance, his engthytrip fcoarse,
ard,brown-tintedarchment,
measuring
23
mm.
X94/99 mm.,
eemsto
have
an
unusual
form or
medieval
Catalan
document.
t
bears
writing
n both
sides; yet,
as
we shall
see,
it
cannot
be
described
s
an
opisthograph,
n
diplomatic erms, ecause
the two
faceswere
inscribed t differentimes nd for omewhat
iverse
purposes.
n
reality,what
we have is
a kindof
summary
olyptych: hat s, a list of
properties
f
Sant Pere
de
Vilamajor, ndicating
he
donors nd
the locations
of
their
benefactions,
ol-
lowed, on
the other
ide, by
the
notationof rents hat were paid in the parish.
This polyptych
f
Vilamajor
is
one of the very rare
examples
of
its kind in
Catalonia from he periodbefore he appearance of capbreus nd
registers f
rents.
t
deserves, herefore,fuller tudy han can be
offered ere; yet t seems
preferable
irst
o
publish t, thereby nabling pecialists o
use
it in
new workon
toponomy,
uman
nomenclature, conomic
problems nd
philology n general.
The second
part,notably,will be found o containwords
nd even brief hrases
in
the Catalan language.
The
writing n the parchments in threedifferentands.
That of the first ide
has a
more
rchaic
ppearance
han
the
two
on
the reverse.
aleographically,
he
former and can be dated
about the middleof
the tenth
entury,
with
certain
margin
f error. he
two
hands of
the
verso seem ater.One of these s
very
ex-
pert fairly ursive,
with etters ound to
one another
,
a form f handwrit-
ing
that occurs
throughout
he
eleventh
entury. he other
hand, however,
t
seems preferable
o
date toward the
middle of the
eleventh century again
with considerable
margin
f
doubt.
These conclusions
educed from
he
etter-
ing will be
confirmed
y
other
particularities f the texts,
s we shall soon see.
For the
transcription,
n
addition to the
work of Sr Pons,
I
have resorted o
ultraviolet
quipment
o
decipher
ome
words,
or
even
whole
lines,
that were
*
This articlewas
first
istributed,
n
Catalan, in the mimeographed
ircularNo. 9 ofthe Archivo
Historicoy Museo Fidel Fita (Areyns e Mar, June, 961),pp. 48-67.
[Tr. by T. N. Bisson.]
The
following
bbreviations re
employed:A.C.A.
=
Arxiude la Corona
d'Arag6; A.C.B.
=
Arxiu
de la Catedral de Barcelona; A.H.C.B. -=Arxiu ist6ricde la
Ciutat de
Barcelona.
1 Adventitious ollections. rom the
manse "El Vilar"
of
Sant
Andreu de la Castanya. Gift of
Sr Salvador Xirau. No.
1.
28
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Domains
and
Rights f
Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor 239
effaced y
abrasion or
by moisture. or
practical
purposes,
he
texts re
wholly
legible.
Brackets re
employed
n the
transcription
o
indicate he
restitutionf
etters
entirely ost; parentheseshave been reservedfor abbreviated
etters n cases
where heir xtension
eems
open
to
question.
Lettersundermarked
ith
point
(as
in
"sun")
are more
or ess doubtful.All
the
corrections
n the reeto re
in
the
first and and have
been
ncorporated
n
the
text,
with
ppropriate ndication
n
the
apparatus.
The
lineshave
been
numbered
n
two
series,
orresponding
o
the
recto and the
verso,
which
will
be specified
ereafter
s
R1, 2,
15, etc.; V10, 11,
25, etc.
Transcription
(Reclo)
Hic
estbreue
equisicionis
uod ego
prenotatoroigioeuita e[c] t qui sum ue
cesor omum
ancti
etri ui
est itus n
Vila
uocitaMagore e
omnem
uum
laudem: uod
5
conceseruntstorum
iros
ui
fueruntd
sua
dedicacioned est
terras
ineas
ui sun
t
in sua
paroquia el
n
eius
ermines.
In
primis oncesit
redicto
iro
Ouasio
modiata i.
de uinea n
Brugarias:
10
iustauineade
Sullo
usta
pso
rego:
t ina
re
J.
usta inare
e
Arbitriot Tedmundo
ad
proprio: t
concesit eniofredoineale
i.
inBrugarias: tconcesit rgelainarei.
iusta
inare e
Petrasio: t
concesit
uilara
15
ne
et
Girolmus
t
Asfredat Joanne
imul
in
unum
ampum ostrum
uod abemus
n
Agilareusta
terra e
Odsinda:
t
concesit
uimara
emodiata
.i.
de uinea n
Brugariasusta
uineade Viada
rio:
et concesit
iadero t Seniofred
resbiterecia i.
de
20 terra d
Pugo
de
Russo usta erra
e
Centurio:
t
sor
te una
de
uinea n
Brugariasusta
ego: t
coni
cesit
ldesindo
orte
i. de
uinea
n
Brugarias
iusta
uineade
Florsindo:t concesit ruidrio
linarei. iusta inare eAgad(e)femina:t concesit
25
Atuino orte
i.
d[e]
uinea
ustauinea
de Abes:
et concesit
auardo ex
i. de terra
n
Tresmunto
iusta
terra e
Viadario:
t concesit eniuldo
or
te
i. de
uinea
n
Brugarias
usta
uineade
Ato:
et
concesit
staldo t Ansulfo:
ecia i. de terra n
Subi
30
rad(e)s: usta erra e
Goma:
tconcesit etrasioina
re
J.
usta
rego t pecias iij.
de terra
d ipsogurgo:
et
concesitMNocione
rto i.
antedomum uum:
et
concesit
rmegild(e)
resbiterecia
i. de terra t uinea
iustauineade
Eroigio: t
concesit
uadamirina
35 re i. iusta erra e Oriol: tconcesiteniulfomodiata
.i.
de
terra
ustaValle
Serena: t
concesit genio e
[ci]a
i.
de teirran
Palacio usta erra
e
Viadario: t con
cesit
Guistrulfo
ua
greditaten
campo ui est usta
terra
e
Geiribertoel
de
Sesgudo: t concesit
unigildo
e
20
Centurlo,he added
bove.25
d[e],
alonewithout
ark f bbreviation.
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240
Domains and
Rights
f
Sant Pere
de
Vilamajor
40 cia .i. de
terra
ui
fuitde Abes:
et
pecia .i.
de uinea
in
Bruga
rias iusta
uinea de
Ouasio:
et concesit
Exemeno semodia
ta .i. de uinea in
Brugarias
usta
uinea de
Asisemun
d(e)o:
et concesit
riuonso casa .i. cum
pso
orto
nVila
Mago
re
iusta
suo
domum: et
concesit eniuldo
pecia
.i.
de terra
45 inTresmunto usta terrade Fruilo: et concesitSeuis
cre
modiata i.
de uinea in
Brugarias usta
uinea
le
Ansefred:
t concesit
Ermegodo:
semodiata i.
de ui
nea in
Brugarias
usta
uinea de Viadario:
et con
cesit
Admir
modiata i.
de
uinea in
Brugarias usta
50
uinea
de
Trasrego:
et
concesitGomesindo
modiata
i
de terra n
Cannas
iusta Ouasio
in
ermo: et
concesit
Pri
cio
femina: t filio
meo
Argemundo t
Joanne
fexa
i. de
terra
usta
terra
de
Ambruco:
et
concesitSentemiro
i
nare i.
iusta linare
de Joanne:
t concesitBaldomir
55
semodiata
i. de
uinea in
Cauallar
et semodiata
i.
de
terra usta terra le Atila. et concesitAdaulfo emodia
ta .i. de
uinea
et
alia
terra
uo(l abebat
in
Parietes
u.sta
uinea de
Viadario:
et
concesitDodado
et Petras[i]o
terra
quod
abebant
iusta
terra
de Belser
prope psorio:
60
et concesit
Seniofredomodiata
i.
de
uinea in
Bruga
rias
iusta
ipsa ruuira: et
concesit
Argemiro
t
Ar
gela et
Atmir
modiata
i. de
terra usta
terrade Abes
et de
Ouasio: et
concesitAlardo
pecia .i. de
terra n
Mon
telios
prope
casa
de
Traserigo:
et
concesitOriol
et
Uuima
65o
ra et Seniofred
t Saburido fexa
i.
de
terra
n
Montelios
ad
ipsos casales:
et
concesitBonesindo
pecia
.i.
de terra
////del:
de Eldeiiir iusta terra le Trasuado: et con
cesitAheila
pecia
.i. (le uinea in
Kauallar
iusta
uinea
Baldmir: et
concesit
Reccosinldo ecia .i.
[de]
70
uinea
in
Kauallar
prope
uinea
de
predicto
domumSancti
Petri: et
concesit
Blradila ecia .i.
de
terraprope uinea
de
Bonesinido: t
concesit
Susanna
seinodiata i. de
uinea
iusta
uinea de
Stauulo:
et concesit
Adaulfoet
Gotmiro
mo
diata
.i.
(le
uinea qui
est in
Kauallar:
et
concesit
Centurio
75 pecia
.i.
de
linar
qui est
iusta
ipsa riba. Et est
prenomina
tum
alau(de
de
predicto
domuiin
ancti
Petri
quod ego
preno
tato
Eroigio1uita adquisireuolueroquod ego nonteneo n
mea
potestate
nec
ego scio
ubi est.
set pre
cor
iios
plures uiros
qui
uienietis d
(lomum
Sancti
Petri
80
si
s(un)t
d(e) mater
cl[e]sia
et uos scitis
utbi
unt
ipsos
alaudes
mihi
p(re)notarefaciatis: et si
oc non
facietis
et
ipsuin
alaude
occultatumn
enetis
psos qui oc fece
runt
nazema sunt
et sunt
extraneos
le
i
num
sancta
Eclesi[a]
escomunicati
el
anazematida
85
[tli
usque
in
sempiternumt cum
alios
xpi(sti)anos non
debebant
nulla
societatem
bere in
nullurm
empus.
-40
terra,nitial
first ritten.
-
42-43
Asisemund
e)o,
he
clearly ears
line
of
bbreviation
doubtlessymistake.53
Ambruco,
irst ritten
mbruci,
henpparentlyorrected.54
Baldomir,
final
n
superscript.59
quod, ritten
d,thenitial
by
orrection.
67The
acuna
overs or 5
erasedetters
peUing
name ?)
ending
vith
el.,
yrobablynerror
orrected
hereafter
n a new tart.
Trasuado,he nitial
correctedfrom
. 74
uinea,
he
addedbove.
76
alaude,
inal
changedfrom
a.
-
79-80The nd
f
petri
nd
tart
fnextine re
doubtful.
ossibly
et-ri
t
[.?]d,
but his
eading
seems
ven
more
oubtful.
83
extraneos,
pparentlyirst
rritten
xtranesi,lumsily
orrected.-
86
tempus,
orrededfrom
empo,
ith
final
above.
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Domains and
Rtghts
f Sanit
ere
de
Vilantajor
241
(Verso)
Senfred e
Vlilarara
migera .
de
ordeo et
migera
de
frumiient
Bonel
migera de
frument. o
nefilio
lia.
Remundo.
alia. Gui
5
lelm
cleVilarara
q(uarte)ra
ordei
et
quartera
frumenit.ela
quartera
dc
for.
Mir
Senfred
migera de
ordeo.
et
alia
de
fruiment
ui;na
ra
migera .
de
frumnent.
10
Sendre(d
e
Brugheres
lia.
lod
f ed
quartera .
ordei et
medlia
e
faue
Sendred
Caiididi.
quartera
.
ordei et
pu
iera
de
faues.
GuileilnSendred
m(e)da
quartera
frumneit.,
oan
de Trila
quartera
15 infra roinent t ordeo.Saburido
quartera de
fruimenit.
uner
quartera
de
ord(eo)
Sa(n)la
meda
quartera.
Joan
Gru(n) quartera
de frument. ndrea
quartera
. Maier
quartera
.
Reinundo
Sainar'el
migera
.
20
de
ordeo:
Trudeards
migera
de
ord(e)o
alia
de
fru(ment)
de
frument+Cbixul
e
Villarara
quartera de
for.
Richel
mulier
le Ainad
quartera
.
infra
r. et
for.
Sunnerfaber
quartera
.
Remun
25
dus
sacer.
quartera.j.
de
for.et alia de
or.
Gerberga
migera . de frumeint.t migera . de ordeo
Guifredus
uiio
de
Russo.
quartera
j.]
de
for.
(le Villa
inagore
ad
ipsa
canno
30
nica
Seniofredus e
Villarara.
s(ester)s.
v.
de
uino.
Mi
tro
mi(r)
Sa(n)la
em(in)a.j.
Guadamir
Saburid
m(edia)
em(in)a.
Sendredus ionel.
eniina
.
Bernard
Fedan
m(edia)
em(ina)
Dela
faber
m(edia) emiima.ouan
Trilia
alia.
Gui
35
lielmusGualdramir
lia.
Guilielmus
Alard
alia. Bonel emina.ErmemirRibalta
emina.
Bo(n)nuicioFrexainedla
lia
et
quartera.j.
de
pesus.
Miro
Boio.
m(edia)
emina
et ii
t(er)canes
de
faues.Alarictis
m(edia) emina.
et
m(edia)
40
pu(nera)
de
milio.Suniario
Guadamir
m(edia)
emina
Andreo
Esteuan.
emina.
Salamon.
m(edia) e
1
Senfred,
pparently
ewritten.-migera
,
written
ver
nother
ord
rossed
ut. 2
migera,
lso
over
an
erased
ord,
ossibly
fa.j.
3, 6,
7, 9,the
was
rased.5
etc.
uartera
lways
ritten
fa. 10
Iodfred,he is
doubtful. 15
ordeo,
rased. 16,
17
qfa ,
seems
ewrittenU
three
imes.
18
Maier, hemseemsffacedy stain. - 19Samarel,he verylearlynder
diacriticalccent.20
d(e)
ord(e)o nd
21alia
de
fru(nment),
dded
n
the econd
and,
whichorgot
o
ancel e
frument
n.
line
2.
.-22
Chixul
e
. ., to
nd fverso
ddedn
second
and. 27 i
erased. 31
Thev.
erased
and
doubtfiu.
31-32Mi
[rol,oubtful;
pparently
epeated
n
following
ine,
hen
ancelUed.
32
emina,
enerally
bbreviated
iEia. 34,
35,37alia,
erased.
36,37, 41,43
em(in)a
rased.
38
Boio,
followed
y ,
erased,
n
erroneous
eginningf
mina.
38-39 i t2
anes,
videntlyn
abbreviation
f
er,
uperscript;
terganes.
40
milio,
rased,
omewhat
oubtful.
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9242
Domains
and
Rights
f
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor
mina.
Radulf
m(edia) mina.Gaucefredus
ruge
ra.
emina.
aimundus
rm(e)mir
emina].
u
lielm
Guitard(us)
(ester)s i. Sendredus
e
Bruge
45
res.
(ester)s
i]*
uifredus
e
Pug
de Russo
m(edia)
mimna
Guilielmoernardmna i.Geribert
de
Villararamina.i.
emundus rasuer
m(e)da quartera
de for. t
m(e)daquartera
e
faues.Geribert
e
Vil
larara
uarterai. de for.
t
alia
de
or.Ber
50
nard
Geribert.
uartera
i. de for t alia
de
or.
et
c.
43
[eminal,
rased, oubtful.
44
ff.VI.
rased,
he
numeral
oubtful.
45
ff.i.
lso
erased,
he
doubt-
ful.
m(edia)
m(in)a
rased
nd
doubtful.
47
m(e)da,
dded
between
ines.
48
et
m(e)da,
oubt-
ful.
-
51. et
c(etera),
ollowed
y
a
long,waving
ine. n
the
remaining
lanle
f
the
parchment,
ome
pen
marks
re
visible
of
s.
xi?): "In
ne,
hic
est
bre,
n
ne."
We
begin
by
studying
he
first
ide,
the recto.
From
the
first
nd
last
lines
of
this
curious
ext
may
be
deduced the
motives nd the
occasion
of
ts
writing.
t
has
to do
with
determination
f the
allods
that
had
been
given
to
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor
on
the
day
of ts
consecration;
he
request
occurs
ome
years
fter he
consecration.
n
acts
of
dedication
f this
period
for
xample,
n those
of
the
neighboring arishes
f
L'Ametlla
and
La
Roca
del
Valles the
properties
ith
which
heir
hurches
were
endowed
on
such solemn
ccasions
werenoted
one
by
one. t
is
permissible
o
imaginewhat had
happened
t
Vilamajor:
through egli-
genceor for ther easons, he act ofdedication. ad beenmisplaced
nd, with t,
the exact ist
of
properties
ith
heir
onors
nd
locations.
rvigi,
who
-
calling
himself
levita"
-must
have
been a
cleric,
represents
imself s
"succesor."
This
appears to mean
that
he
had
just
succeeded
the
rector f
the
parish
who
had
held
office
t
the
time of
the
dedication.
For
reasons
unknown
perhaps
because
of the
advanced
age of the
fornmer
ector
the
church's
roperties
ad
been
dispersed.
Having
decided
to
reconstructts
patrimony,
rvigi
convoked
the
men
of the
village and
asked
them to
declare
their
knowledge
f
the
lands
owned
by
the
church.
He
managed
patiently o
obtain
the
present
ist,
which,
however,we infer,s not complete
not,
at least, in Ervigi's judgment.He
warns
those
present
hat if
they
know of
other
llods,
they
should
speak
up at
once
under
pain
of
anathema.
It
may
be
supposed hat
some
of the
old
donors
were
present
n
the
assembly
convoked
by
Ervigi,for n
repeating
heir
grants f
ands,they
peak in
the
first
person
nd
the
present;
hus, the
brothers r
associates
Girolmus,
Asfreda ndl
Joan
speak
of
"our
field hat
we
have at
Aguilar"
R14-17),
and the
ady
"Pricio
femina
t
filio
meo
Argemundo t
Ioanne"
(R52).
Others,
owever,
may
already
have
died:
consider
Adaulf
R56-57),
Dodat
and.Petrasi
R58-59),
ofwhom
t
is
said in
pasttense
that
they
had
held the
mentioned
roperties.
hese
exceptional
formulas ontrastwiththe drierone, repeatedconstantly: et
concesit
.
. et
concesit. .
.
"
The
expressions
ego
prenotato
Eroigio"
(R1-92) nd
"predictoviro
Ovasio"
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Domains
and
Rights
f
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor 243
(R8), if not
owing
o the
stylistic
hortcomings
f the
writer
who must
have
been
Ervigi
himself
, may
mean
that the
nquiry
ad
been
conducted
y
these
two,
the
one as
ecclesiastical
uthority,
he
other
as the
most
important ivil
personage fthevillage.The initialphrasesform linkbetween
heoralrequest
presented
uring
he
assembly
f the
villagers
nd
the
drafting
f the
ist.
If it is
relatively asy
to
deduce that this
document
must be
put
some fifteen
to
twenty
ears
fter
he dedication
f
the
church
f
Vilamajor,
o
allow time
for
the
vicissitudes
ndicated,
t is
not
so
simple
to
determinewhen
the
dedication
itself ook
place.
Of
this
factno
notice eemsto
have
been
preserved ther han
the
presentparchment.
The
documentation
f
Vilamajorhas been
dispersed.
Some
pieces
of
the
tenth
century one
of
984)
and
of the eleventh
o
sixteenth
centuries,
which are
preserved
n
the
parish
archive,
were
copied in
part by
MossenJosephMas at theendofthe astcentury. is notes,which
haveused,
are now in
the Arxiu
Historic
of
the
City
of
Barcelona. Some
other
mportant
documents
eferring
o
Vilamajor
may be found
cattered n
the
cartularies
f
Sant
Cugat2
and
the
cathedral
of
Barcelona,3
s well
as
in
the
Liber
feudorum
maior
f
our
count-kings4nd
the
parchments
n
the
Arxiude
la Corona
d'Arago.5
Directly
r
indirectly,
aken n
comparisonwith
vidence n
the
same
cartularies
and
archives
pertaining
o
neighboring
illages of the Alt
Valles, these
texts
enable
us
to
learn
something bout the
very
early
history f
Sant
Pere de
Vila-
major.
Forexample, think hatsome ofthedonorsmentionedn our istcan be
iden-
tifiedwithknown
ontemporaries,
hichwill
permit
s
to
determine
he
approxi-
mate date
of
the
dedication. t
is
also
possible
to
locate on
a
map the
landed
patrimony
f Sant Pere
and
to
get
some
dea of ts
considerable
xtent;
hiswill
also
disclose
he
antiquity
f
many
place
names still
existing oday.
The
donors
numbered bout
fifty,
ot
counting
ome
repeated
names,
lthough
names
repeated
may
not
alwaysbe those
of
the same
person:
for
xample,Adaulf
(R56 and
73),
Atmir
R49
and
692),
rgela R13 and
61),
etc.
Some of the
dona-
tionsformed
roups,
erhaps
of
families,
hich
was
certainly
he
case with
Prici
and
her ons
R51-592);
r
of
co-proprietors
r
associates n theexploitationf he
lands.
Altogether
ome
twenty
ineyards
were ceded. The
majority
f these
twelve
in
all)
were
at
Brugueres.
Of
the
district
f
this
old
villa,
ndependent
ntilthe
fourteenth
entury, nly
the name
has
survived;
t
must
have been
located be-
tween ca'n
Bruguera5a
nd the
valley
of
Bruguer
or
of Les
Brugueres,
west of
2
Cartulario
e
"Sant
Cugat"
del
Valles, ed.
Mn.
Jose
Rius
Serra,
3
vols.
(Barcelona,
1945-1947).
3
"Libri
Antiquitatum," reserved
n
the A.C.B.,
inventoried y
Mn.
JosepMas, Note8
ist6rique8
del bi8bat e
Barcelona,
x-x
(Barcelona,
1914-1915).
4
Ed. F. X.
Miquel Rosell, 2
vols.
(Barcelona,
1945-1947).
6
See FedericoUdina Martorell, l archivo ondaldeBarcelona en
108
8'glo8
IX-X.
Estudio critico
de
susfondo8
(Barcelona,1951).
5 [It has
seemed
advisable to
retain
this Catalan
expression,
meaning
here
"Bruguera's place,"
and
referringenerally
o
isolated
homesteads.
Translator's
note.]
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8/25
244
Domains
and Rights
f
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor
Vilamajor.6
Other
vineyards
were
at
El
Cavallar,
to be
identified,
ccording
o
later documents,
with
the
mountain
of
Sant
Elies,
toward
c'an
Nadal,
to
the
north
of
Vilamajor.
Also
offered
o
Sant
Pere
were
seven
flax
fields
Catalan:
llinars).
The factsthatfourofthemadjoinedotherfields fflaxand
thattheir
location
is
not
specified
uggest
that
they
all
lay
to the
south
of
Vilamajor,
toward
the
district
f
Llinars,
which
derived
ts
name
from
he
plant
in
whose
cultivation
t
had
specialized
n
Antiquity;
ndeed,
one
ofthe
fields
was
"iusta
ipsa
riba" (R75),
very
ikely
a'n
Riba
de
Vilarasa,
an
old
manse
at
kilometer
481
on
the
road
from
linars
to
Vilamajor.
Also
amounting
o twenty
were
the
modiates,
terraces
nd
pieces
of
land,
probably
dry
arable,
that
weregranted.
These
were
very scattered,
xtending
beyond
he
limits
f
Vilamajor.
So,
for
xample,
t
Parets,
"in
Parietes"
(R57);
at Palautordera, in Palacio" (R37); at Cardedeu"in Montelios"
(R63-65), a
place
that
has disappeared
ut
has
probably
eft
ts trace
n
the
name
of
a
manse,
ca
n Pere Munteis,
two
km.
north
of
Cardedeu.
The
other
pieces
of
land
were
within
he
parish:
at
Canyes,
"in
Cannas" (R51),
a
name
borne
by
the
upper
part
ofthe stream
f
Vilamajor,
where
we find
a'n
Parera
de
Canyes
about
four
km.
north
oward
he
mountain;
t Vallserena,
in valle
serena"
(R36),
a
stream
running
arallel
to
the east
of
that
of
Vilamajor;
at
Tremunt,
in
Tresmunto"
(R26
and
45),
east
of Vilamajor
some
two
km. from
Vilanova
there
s
ca'n
Tremunt;
t Puig
de
Ros,
"ad
pugo
de
russo"
(R20),
which
hould
be
identified
witha hill above the streamof Vallserenato the
southeastofVilamajor;and
finally
in Subirades
iusta
terra
de
Goma" (R29-30),
not
now
identified,
ut
probably
lso within
he
district
fthe
"terra
de
Goma"
corresponded
ith
hat
which
documents
of
the
twelfth
nd
thirteenth
enturies
all
Vilagoma,
the
present
Vilanova
de Vilamajor.7
A
field
given
by
four
persons
one
of them
s
called
Wilarane
was
located
"in Agilare"
(R16);
it
should perhaps
be
sought
n the northeast,
oward
the
limit
f
the districts
f Vilamajor
nd
Palautordera
near
the
stream
f
Traveria,
where
he
old
manse
of Guilera which
might
s well
have
its name
from
Wilara=
Guilara as fromAg(u)ilare=(A)guilera)was situated.Yet another
mportant
field R38-39)
forwhich
no location
s given
must
be
added;
also
an
orchard
iven
by
Moixo
(R32);
and finally
house
with garden
attached,
the
only
donation
which
s clearly
tated
to lie
within
he limits
of
Vilamajor
it
was
probably
within
he
parish
nd certainly
ear
the house
of the donor,
Erivons
R43).
Besides
the
names
of
he
donors,
hedocument
ndicates
considerable
umber
of
other
ersons
wning
ands
adjoining
hose
offered
o Sant
Pere.
The
aifronta-
tions
are
not
given
completely,
nly
the name
of the best
known
neighboring
6
In
speaking
here
of
Vilamajor,
always
refer
o the
old nucleus
of
habitation
ormed
bout
the
church f Sant Pere. To identifyopographic ames and locate them,
have used themaps ofthe
Instituto
Geogrfidco
Catastral
and those
of
EditorialAlpina
of
Granollers,
ogether
with
ome
his-
torical
notes
on the families
f
Vilamajor
made
at the end
ofthe
nineteenth entury
y
Mn.
Joan
de
Soler
Zavarell
de
Gallada;
and
I have
made
personal
nquiries
n the area.
7
On the
name
Goma,
or
Gom&,
ee
below,
p.
257.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
13/25
Domains and
Rights f Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
245
proprietor. uxtaposing
he names
of some
of
thesewith
others,
we
can get
some
idea how the
and
of
the
Alt
Valles
was
apportioned
mong
omenotable
proprie-
tors,whose activity
we can observeby
means of other, ated documents.
The chief f thesegreat andholders,r at least theone
ofmostelevated social
status,
eems to have been Ovasi.
It is
he who headed the ist
of
donors,
witha
vineyard
nd
a flax
ield;
ut in addition
he is cited s
proprietor
t Llinars
?),
at
Brugueres
nd at
Canyes (R8-12,
50-51 and 61-63).
I
think t practically ertain
that he can be
identified
iththe
Ovasi who,
n
June
939
together
withhis
wife
Osiana, gave
his
lord,
the count
Sunyer,
ome
houses
with
ands, vineyards
nd
woods
n the
territory
f the castle
of
Castellar,reserving
he
usufruct
orhim-
self.8
n the
other
hand,
n 955 the
count
Mir6,
on of
Sunyer, ave the
ownership
ofthis llod
of
Castellarto
Sant Cugat del Valles, on condition hat
the usufruct
be reserved or he sons and daughters fOvasi and Osiana,9 o that
it appears
that
these
two
grand
ords were then dead. Because Ovasi
is
spoken
of as alive
in
the
polyptych
f
Vilamajor,
t is
permissible
o
conclude
that
our document
was
written efore
55.
As
proprietor,
iader
(the
name
survives n the
Valles
for example, at
Cardedeu)
was
perhaps
even wealthier han
Ovasi.
He
not
onlygave
land and a
vineyard
near the canal of
Brugueres
nd at
Puig
de Ros
(R19-21),
in these
places ointly
with he
priest eniofred,pparently
relative;but he
is also men-
tioned
s owner
f
other
ands
at
Brugueres R17,
19, 47-48), at Tremunt R29-
27), at Palau (R36-37: presently alautorderaor perhapsPalou),
and at Parets
(R56-58).
Another
personage
of
importance
was Adaulf who, besides having
vineyards
t
Cavallar
(R73-74, together
ith
Gotmir),
eld
others
t Parets next
to
those
of Viader
(R56-58).
Viader and
Adaulfwere
of the
same generation
s
Ovasi if,
s I think
robable,
he
ndirect vidence
f
them
hat
have
been able
to
collect
n
contemporary
ocuments efers
o these
same
two persons.
Viader
died before
988,
when his heirs
held
properties
t
La
Roca
del
Valles.10
The
identity
f this Viader becomes
almost certainwhen we
reflect
hat
La Roca
bordered
n
Palou,
to the
west,
nd with
Parets,
where
he
nquiry
f
Vilamajor
tellsus he held ands.Moreover, t Palou in975 the heirsof
hisneighbor daulf
also
held
properties
eside the ands
of Sant
Pere,"'
whichmusthave
been
those
given
to
Vilamajor. Comparing
he
affrontations
ndicated
by
this
document
f
the
year 975,
it
appears
that the Adaulfwho offered
ands to Vilamajor for ts
dedication
had
also offeredome to
Sant
Genis de
I'Ametlla n
932.12
As I
have
already
remarked,
t is
probable
that Adaulf
was
dead not
only
n
975, which s
clear,
but
already
at the time of
Ervigi's nquiry.
A
final
very likely
identifications
that
of
"Pricio
femina"
and her sons
Argemund
nd Joan
R51-52),
who
gave
Sant
Pere
some
arable and next to the
S
Rius, Cartulario e"Sant Cugat,"
,
no. 17.
9
Ibid., ,
no. 38.
10
Ibid.,
,
no. 215.
11
Mas, Rdbrica
del8Libri
Antiquitatum, (Notes
hi8rtiquer,
x),
no. 57.
12
Udina,
El archivo
ondal, p.
252-253
(no. 103).
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246
Domains and
Rights f Saint ere de
Vilamajor
COLL
FOSRMIC
9
\
~~~~~~~(Co'n
adoal)
-
-\>(Ca'n Parera de
Conyes)
Agilare ?
Brugarlas
km
A < 5 ila
Mazgore r
*Ca
n
Ribalta
.
?
Frexaneda
k-
Tresmunto
(Ca'n Tremunt)
\
Ambruco t \(VaGoma
?
I
(Co
N'Ambr6s)
\
Riba
de
Vilarsas?)
Ribalta
IPugo
de
Russo
ailarara
)1 1
\
,
f(CanGol)
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iaet/<
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-Linar
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OLD CATALONIA
(12 km SWaof (7 km S of
0 25 Km
Cardedeu)
Cordedeu)
0g
;;
I
(
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erede
imajor
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d
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alluded to In texts
Baclna
Agilare ?
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doubtful
0
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Approximate zone ofresettLernent
I
,
I
878
-a950
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Domains
and Rights f
Sant
Pere de Vilamajor
247
lands
of
Ambrug
from
his
name
can be derived
that
of ca
N'Ambr6s,
outh-
west of Vilamajor,
by
the torrent f
Alfou),with the
Preciosa
whose sons are
mentioned
n the
affrontations
f an important
roperty
fVilamajor
n975.13
More doubtful re the identificationsf Arvidri Rll) who,with
Tetmund,
held a flaxfield
besideanother
belonging
o Ovasi; and
Petrasi
(R13-14, 30-31,
58-59), an important
roprietor
ho gaveSant
Pere a flax
ield nd four ieces
of
land,
one
ointly
withDodat.
The latter
s possiblyhe
who witnessed
donation
of
property
t
Llinars
by the
former"Arvidrio,"
wife
of Ulido) and her
sons to
Sant Cugat
in 954.14
The certain
facts
gathered
o far,
which synchronize
erfectly,
ermitus to
date
toward
950 the
inquiry
n the
property
f Vilamajor
made by Ervigi
and
the redaction
fthe text hat concerns
s. We recallthat
Ovasi, mentioned
n the
latter s living, ied shortly efore 55. The consecrationf the
churchhas to be
placed
some fifteen
o
twenty
years earlier, s
we have
said: toward 930-935;
the
dispersion
fthe
patrimony
musthave
taken some time,but Ervigi's
request
cannot
have
been
delayed beyond
the lifetimes
f many of the donors,
omeof
whom,
n
fact,
were
present
nd
remembered eryprecisely
he
ands withtheir
specialized
rops,
heir ocations nd their
neighborhoods.
Now
knowing
with some
precision
when the
reconstruction
f the parish of
Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
took
place,
we
can
place
the
facts n their
historical
on-
text.
The name
"Villa Maiore"
(in
the
oldest known
documents
t was written
"VillaMagore,"doubtless hroughhedefective
epresentationfthesound"j")
13
Mas, Rdbrica
dels Libri
Antiquitatum,
(Noteshistoriques,
x),
no. 57.
14
Rius,
Cartulario
e
"Sant
Cugat," ,
no.
17.
Place-Names:
Equivalents
n Modern
Catalan
Agilare
....................
possibly
he manse
Guilera?
Ambruco
.....................
ca
N'Ambros
Brugarias.................... ca'n Bruguera,Bruguer, es
Brugueres
Cannas
....................
Canyes,
a'n
Parera de
Canyes
Frexaneda ............
........
Freixeneda
K[Cjauallar
....................
...
Mt. Sant
Elies,
near
ca'n
Nadal
Linare[s]
..........
.........
Llinars
Montelios ...........
........
ca'n
Pere Munteis
Palacio .........
..........
Palautordera
Parietes
...................
Parets
Pugo
de
Russo
...................
Puig
de Ros
Riba
...................
Riba de Vilarasa?
Ribalta
.........
..........
ca'n
Ribalta
Subirades ustaterrade Goma ......... Vilalgoma? today
Vilanova de
Vilamajor)
Tresmunto
...................
ca'n Tremunt
Valle serena
...........
........
Vallserena
Vila
magore
...............
....
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor
Vilarara
............................
Vilarasa
(or
ca'n
Gol)
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
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9248 Domains
and Rights
f Sant Pere de Vilamajor
indicates probably
Roman
origin;
his
s
corroborated y
archeological inds n
the vicinity. ut
it is hard to
see this
designation
eflectedn
the
perimeter
f
the
village
which,
n the tenth entury,
was more or less comparable
o that of
the
neighboring arishes nd villages.
The
church f
Vilamajor lready xisted
n the ninth entury,
f he
nterpreta-
tion
ofthe ittle unerarytone
for
he priestOrila s correct.15
his octogenarian
cleric
who
died in
872 must have experienced
he
first econquest nd
resettle-
ment
of the
country.
The
Valles,
at any rate, would already
have
been rein-
habited.
It was
necessary
o establish churches
o provide
for parish service.
Especially mportant
was the restoration
f
the
greatmonastery f
Sant Cugat,
perhaps
ven
before
he
time
of
Guifred
el Pelos" [the
Hairy]
(d.
897). But the
written
vidence
of
this
first
eriod
s
very
carce. t seems clear
that
the death
ofthegreatcountof Barcelona nconflictgainstthe Moors
in897,followed y
intermittent
aids from leida againstthe hinterlands
f
Barcelona,
resulted n
a
seriousdepopulation
f
almost all the
Valles.
This
state
of
affairs
annot
have
lasted
more han a few
years.
The new
resettlement,einforcing
he former opu-
lation,
ccurred
uring
he
first
hirty ears
of
the
tenth entury, s is shownby
the
surviving
ocumentation.
ome
notable
men took the lead.
In
fact,
the
brothers,
ounts Guifred
I
Borrell
897-911)
and
Sunyer
911-947;
d.
950)
were
the civildirectors
f
the
enterprise,
econdedby
the
bishop
Teodoric
ofBarcelona
(c. 904-937)
and
the
abbot
Donadeu
of
Sant
Cugat (before
04
-
after 17), as
the chief hurchmen
nvolved.By
their
ide,
however,was a group
of vassals
active
and fortunate
n the
recovery
f ands and castles ntrusted othem. ome
of
these
men
we
have
alreadymet
at
work n the
Alt Valles
and takingpart in
the dedication
f
Vilamajor.Such great
festivals,
t once religious
nd civil, eem
to
have occurred
epeatedly.
hey consisted
not only
n
the consecration
f the
rebuilt
hurch ut
also in its territorialndowment, nd
often n
the
official e-
limitation
f
ts civil
extent. ome testimonies
fthese
occasions,
ariously
ocu-
mented,
have
survived,
whether ecause
those
present
nscribed
heir
names n
the
stone
of the consecrated ltar"6
r
because,
in
more
solemn
manner,
cts
in
juridical
formwere
written
n
parchment.
The church fVilamajormusthave suffered uch ntheby-ways f the
ninth
and
tenth
enturies.
ne
gets
the
mpression
hat the old Vil.la
Major must
have
been
almostdeserted
y
the
dispersion
f ts
nhabitants,
mostofwhomwere
not
to return.
his
may
be deduced
not
only
from he
inquiry
f
Ervigi,
which
we
have
discussed,
n
which eems
to
be
mentioned
ut
a
single
llod
or
land of
ts
possessions
rior
o the recent
edication
R70, 71),17
ut
also
from n
important
document
relating
o
Palautordera, neighboring
arish
east
of
Vilamajor.
A
15
See
photograph,
or
xample,
n A. Gallardo,
Del
Mogent
l Pla
de a
Calma (Barcelona,
1938),
p. 69.While Gallardoand othershave attributedn age of 90 to the
priest, he nscriptionertainly
reads "Lxxx."
16
See, for xample,
studyby J.
Ainaud,
L'abat
Donadeu de Sant
Cugat,
restaurador
'esglesies,"
Analecta
Montserratensia,x
(1962; =Miscelltnea
Albareda,
), 9239-244.
17
Yet possibly
hiswas
one ofthe vineyards
iven
on
that same occasion.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
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Domains and Rights f Sant
Pere de Vilamajor
9249
man named Trasvad
(Ervigi's nquiry, believe,
refers o him n R67), had
ac-
quired
all the
upper valley of the
Tordera,from
he
summit
f Coll Formic
to
the gates
of
Sant Celoni,
fromCount
Sunyer nd his wife
Ermengarda,
who in
turnheld it by paternal nheritance; n the year908 he sold it
for2000 sous to
Count
Guifred
I
Borrell.18 ow in
reviewing ome of the
affrontations
ommon
with Vilamajor,
he text makes no
mention f
that large village or its
district,
thusproving learly,
t seemsto me,
that t was still bandoned
at that date. By
contrast,
n the sale
of
the "Vila RiffA,,"
o the southwest,
made by some
persons
to the count
Sunyer
n 941,19Brugueres nd
Vilamajor are
now mentioned s
aifrontationso the north
nd east,
proving n this case what
the dedication nd
resultant
elimination
f the parish of Sant
Pere had already accomplished.
imagine
hat
t was in the
years
910-930 that
the resettlement
ccurred.
eaving
aside the activity, n this sense important orall theValles,
evidentfrom he
documentation
f
Sant Cugat and
the
cathedral of Barcelona,
we shall only
mention ere two other
ontemporary
edicationswhichcan
illuminate he cir-
cumstances
urroundinghat of
Vilamajor.
These concern ant Sadurni de
la Roca
and Sant Genis de l'Ametlla,20
oth
churches
edicated
on 4
July932.
The correspondences
close, with
only one
notabledifference
n favor
of Vilamajor:
whereas
t La Roca were present
25
proprietors
ho made twenty onations
f
ands, nd at L'Ametlla fourteen
ho
made only
welve
donations,
t Vilamajor
more han fifty
ttended nd made as
manyvotive offeringsf ands.The intervention,nthe two
formeredications,
of the abbess
Emma de Sant Joan,
daughter
f Guifred he Hairy and
sister f
Count Sunyer,
as been
noted
as
a
curious
act.
t
is not clear
why
he
is
the one
who,
n
the
two
cases,
offers he liturgical obes,
ornaments nd
books required
for arishes
pparently nderno other
cclesiastical
r civil urisdictionhan
that
of the
bishop
Teoderic and the parishioners,
ossibly ubject
to a
vicar
of the
count
of
Barcelona.
I
ventureto propose a hypothesis,
owever,
hat
would
furnish
he sufficienteason:
did
not
the
new settlers
f
the
Alt
Valles
come
from
the
valley
ofSant Joan and from
Vallfogona?
n
that
case,
these
were
he
former
subjects
of
Emma;
they would have responded
o the appeal
of
her
brother
Sunyer,perhapsalso of their sisterQuixol,who,after
omeyearsofreligious
life,was interred
n 945 at Santa Maria del
Cami
de
la
Garriga,
not
far from
L'Ametlla.
This
hypothesis
inds
upport
n what our best recent
historians
ave
said
21
namely,
hat the environs f
Sant Joanwereoverpopulated
or
he
period;
at the end
of
a
generation,
he
excessive lement
f
the
population
could well
have been
displaced
toward
the Valles
where here
was a
shortage
f
people
to
18
Rius,
Cartulario
e
"Sant
Cugat,"
,
no.
3.
19
bid.,
no.
20.
20
Udina,
El archivoondal,nos. 102,
103; cf.
also pp.
xix-xx.
21
See Ramon d'Abadal i de Vinyals, ls primersomtes atalanw,d ed.
(Barcelona,1965), pp. 103-
110,and
113-114,
note 72, by
J.
Rubio
i Lois;
also
A. Badia i
Margarit,
L'acte de
reconnaissance
e
propriete
u monastere
e Sant Joan
de les
Abadesses en
913)
et son mportance
our 'onomastique
catalane,"
Actes tmemoires u V.
Congras
nternational
e sciences
nomastiques,
(Salamanca,
1958),
357-375.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
18/25
250
Domains
and
Rights
f Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
effect
he renewal f agriculture.n fact,rereading
he two acts of
932,
we may
guess
that the abbess Emma
had some
moral nvolvement ith
he parishioners
ofLa Roca
and L'Ametlla: Teoderic
onsecrated hose
hurches
ob
deprecacione
religiosissimamemmone bbatissa, eu etparroquitanosoc[i i]llius
ommanen-
tibus."22
he same can be inferred
rom he fact
that the two
documentswere
preserved
or
enturies
n the archives
f Sant Joan de les
Abadesses.
I suspect
that
the former
ubjects
ofEmma also settled t Vilamajor.
f
so,
this
would
help
to
explain
why a collection
f rare names
that
appear
in
the
immense
ist of nhabitants f
the
valley
of Sant Joan
n
913,
and in diverse
exts
ofVallfogona
fthe same time, eappears
n the no less various
istofthededica-
tion of Vilamajor
some twenty ears ater.Pending
furthertudy,however,
his
aspect
of the threedocuments
n
question
cannot
go beyondthe statement
f
a
possiblehypothesis or heprovenance f the new settlers n
thistriangle fthe
Alt Valles
formed
y L'Ametlla,
La Roca and
Vilamajor,
nclosedbetween
he
river f Tenes,
the
Congost
nd
the
Mogent.
To understand
he
exact
significance
f the reverse ide
of the
parchment
we
are studying, leap
of
morethan
a
hundred
years
s
necessary.
n
fact,
s
was
said
at the outset,
he two
hands discernible
n
the
writing
n this side
can both
be attributed
o the eleventh
entury.
Another
mportant
bservation
ikewise
supports
his dating: whereas
n the first
art
of the document ll
the
personal
namesare presented ingly, characteristicn keepingwiththe
practiceof the
first alf
of the tenthcentury,
he
verso,
by contrast, epresents
omethirty f
the
fifty ersons
herementioned
s
bearing
double name,whether y
addition
of the
father'sname
or of a toponym
r even of
a surnameor office
hat dis-
tinguishes
hem;only he other
wentytillbear a
singlename.
This new custom,
here so clearlydemonstrated,
rings s
well nto the
eleventh entury.
We shall
see hereafterwho these personages
were
and when they ived.
For a
moment,
however, et us consider
ow
thesenew ists
re
presented
nd whatthey
ontain.
From the ettering
nd from
he recoveries here ecorded,
he following
ivisions
canbe established: hefirst and,whichwehaveseen to be expert
lthough are-
less and cursive,
wrote continuously
own to line
V9292. notherhand,
more
rounded
nd deliberate, ompleted
nd
corrected his first ist,
fromV920 o 27;
then
t added a new
ist,with
ts own title,
whichgoes fromV28 to 51.
It should
be
noted,however, hatfrom
hemiddle
f ineV47 to V51, this
ame second
hand
has
added, ike an
appendix,
o the istwritten
n
the
first and.
As
will
have appeared
simply rom eading
ur
parchment, n this second
ide
were recorded he
obligations
n kind that the inhabitants
f
Vilamajorpaid to
the
church f Sant
Pere. On
careful xamination f
these ists n comparison
with
themost mportant nes on therecto, ome nterestingactsresult.The
first ist
of
the
verso
plus the
short ppendixofthe
secondrefer
o the dues paid
in barley
and
grain
or wheat. Those twenty-odd
ands modiates, erraces
nd
dryplots
-
that
were offered
o the parish toward
930-935 were producing,
fter
more
"
A.C.A., erg.
Seniofredo, 4
(Udina, El archivo
ondal,
o. 1OQ,. 248).
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
19/25
Domains
and
Rights f
Sant
Pere
de
Vilamajor
251
than a
century,
ome
184
quarters
of barley and about 32 quartersof grain.8
Vegetables
re mentioned
n the
two
lists
and certainly n rather
feeblepropor-
tion: of
beans,
2
half-quarters nd
1
punyera a large handful), nd another
measure whichperhapsmust be interpreted s 92
erganes
(?,
V38-39); also
1
quarter
f
peas
and
a
half-punyera
f
millet.These
amounts
robably orrespond,
more
or
less,
to
the
two
vegetable gardens
nd
perhapsto the two
fields hat
Sant Pere
received
t
the time of tsdedication.
The second list
is
reserved lmost
entirely
or
dues
in
wine.
Altogether
he
canonry f
Vilamajor
received 2 sestars nd 16
eminas fwine,measures ifficult
to definewhen
t
is
remembered hat their
apacities
have varied
greatly
n the
different
egions
f Catalonia
during
past centuries;
n
any
case these amounts
must have
been
considerable. he
whole
obligationmust have arisenfrom
he
twenty ineyards wnedby thechurch orovera hundredyears.One
mayask
what
had
become
of
those seven flaxfields
iven
to
Sant Pere
on the same occa-
sion.
Apparently
he
property
ad been
systematized uring he
previous
cen-
tury.
As
happened
with other
cclesiastical
nstitutions,
he
dispersion
f
lands
impededtheir upervision
nd renderedmore
difficult
he collection f
annual
revenues. rom then on
an
effort as
made to concentrate oldings,whichwas
accomplished
hrough xchanges
or
neighboringands. t wouldnot be surprising
if the flaxfieldshad been
exchanged orother,nearer ields, f
ndeedtheywere
in
the area of
Llinars,
or
else that
their
rophad been changed.But problems f
thissortmustbe reserved or pecialistsnthehistory fagriculture.
or can we
forget
hat
other ands weredoubtless
given
to
Sant Pere during he latertenth
and
eleventh
centuries,
he
produce
of
which augmented he
dues
of
the
lists
under
tudy,
nd
compensated
or
osses
resulting
rom
iminishingeturns,
is-
persion
r
sale
of the
original ands.
The
constant
hange
n
the
effective alue
of the dues
is
curiously eflected
n
the
two
lists. n
some cases it seems that
the
obligation
was
increased, assing
from
uarters
o
migeras VI
and
92),
r
by
adding
other dues
(V920-921)
nd
by the
accession
of
new
partners
r tenants
(appendix of the second
hand, V920-927nd
47-51);
in
others, y contrast,
he
amount seems to have decreased V47): from quarter o a
half-quarter,fthis
is
not
a
scribal rror
romptly orrected.
n
any case,
numerous
uantities
were
subsequently rased, doubtless because the dues had been
changed,
and this
happened
during
he
lifetimes
f
the
personsmentioned.
The
inventory
nd
identification
f the personswho satisfied he obligations
to Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
n this econd
period
lso hold
much nterest.
ifty-six
names
appear;
but since
at least
six
of
them
re
repeated, heyrepresent
n
fact
some
fifty ifferentersons.We shall
see if t is possible o group ome
ofthem
n
families, o
localize
theirmanses and
to find therdocuments
hat enable
us to
characterize
hemand
to
establish
heir hronology recisely.
The only familialgroup clearly vident n this second part of our
text is the
married
ouple Riquel and Amat (V9Z3). uckilyforus, these spouses
are
known
from
nother
ocument, f 922March 1052,by which hey ell a
propertyocated
23
Convertingmigeres
herementioned n a
ratio of
2
quarteres ach, the quartera
eing
the
most
usual
measure.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
20/25
9252
Domains
and
Rights f
Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
at
the
mountain
Cavallar
de
Vilamajor.24
We
must
suppose that the
list
of
dues
is
subsequent o
1052, since
t
appears
to
refer o the
husband
only
s a
means
of
identifyinghe
widow
Riquel;
otherwise
he
dues w'ould
have
been
charged
o
Amat.
If
we
concentrate
pon
the
second
names
of
some of
the
tenants,
imiting
ur-
selves
to
cases
where
hese
names
were
personal
nd
correspondedo
the
father's
name,
we
shall
be
able to
distinguish
ome
other
families.
Thus, Saburid
(V5)
must
be the
father
f
Guadamir
aburid
V32); Bonell
(twice
mentioned,
3
and
36)
mustbe
thatof
Sendred
Bonell
(V33);
Sanla
(V17)
that of
Mir Sanla
(V32);
Geribertde
Vilarara
(also
twice
mentioned,
V46-47,
48-49)
that of
Bernard
Geribert
who follows
im
n
the
ist,
V49-50). In none of
these
nstances an
the
relationship
e
confirmed;
ut the
coincidence f
names n
a small
villagemakes
itprobable.
It
appears
that
an
important
ucleus of
settlement ad formed
t
Vilarara
(or,
ccording o
later
exts,
Vilarasa,
name
suggestive f n
old
villagehitherto
completely
ninhabited
r
abandoned).
Besides
Geribert
nd
Bernat ust
cited
(near ca'n
Gol
was
formerlyhe
manse
Gelabert), the
list
includes a
Guillem
(V4-5) and a
Quixol
(Chixul,
V22) with the
name of
that
village
distinctly
patronymic.
ilarara was
located
southeast
of
Vilamajor,
extending o
Llinars,
where
he streams
f
Vilamajor
nd
Vallserena
lowed
ogether. he lord
of
that
region
was
Seniofred r
Senfred
e
Vilarara. Our
text
twice cites
him
(VI
and
31), heheadsboth ists;thesefacts
lonesufficientlyarkhissocialstatus. n a
document f
1093,25
he
donation
f a
manse
n
Vilarara
by
a lady
Trudgarda
o
the
see
of
Barcelona
and to
its
provost
Oleguer
the
future
ishop-saint),
enfred
is
said
explicitly o
have
been its
feudal
ord;
moreover, is
wife,
Ermetruit,s
mentioned.
A
Guadald
Seniofred, f
whom
his
same
text
of
1093 speaks
as
ifhe
were
now
dead,
must
have
been
their
on;
and it
was
undoubtedly e
who
left
his
name
nca'n
Gol
(Gual,
Guadald)
of
Vilarasa.
There
survives
vidence f
the
will
of
Ermetruit,
lthough
he date
is
unfortunately
acking.26
he will
makes
no
mention
f
her
husband
Seniofred,
who
must
already
have
died;
on
the
other
handitreferso another ftheir
ons,MirSeniofred,rSenfred,whoappears n
the
first
ist of
dues
(V7).
Mir
Seniofred
was
already
married n 1043,27
so
it is
natural
hat he
figures
s
a
renter
ndependent f his
father, he ord
ofVilarara.
Also
known
re
facts
nd
names of
another
notable
family
ited
n the
list of
obligations:
hat of
the
Samarell.The
Trudgarda
mentioned
mong the
tenants
of
Sant
Pere
(V20-22)
died
in
February
1089.28
he
was
the daughter
f Tras.
gonga,
f
t is
indeed
to
herthat
a
text of
1065
refers.29
n that
year
one Bonfill
24A.C.B.,
Diversorum erg.
A.
1917,
ccording
o
the
extract
f
Mn.
Mas
in
A.H.C.B.
26
Mas,
Rdbrica
dels
Libri
Antiquitatum,
I
(Notes
historiquea,), no.
1117.
'"
A.H.C.B., copyofMn. Mas of parchmentromheparish rchive
fVilamajor.
"
A.C.B.,
Diversorum
erg.
B.
1287,
extract f
Mn. Mas
in
A.H.C.B.
28
Mas,
Ribrica
dels
Libri
Antiquitatum,
I
(Notes
hist8riques,),
no.
1070; she
is
clearly
not
the
lady
of
the
same
name we
saw
making
donation n
1093.
29
Ibid.,
no.
808;
I
use a
copy by
Mn.
Mas
more
extensive
han
that
he
printed
n
the
RtUnica,
where
Trudgarda s
not
mentioned.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
21/25
Domains
and
Rights
f
Sant
Pere de
Vilamajor
953
Seniofred
possibly
mentioned n the
list,
V3-4)
bequeathed
to her
some
vine-
yards
and lands
so that she
would
provide
for
lamp at
Sant
Pere,
doubtless f
Vilamajor. incesheappearsalone, tmay be supposed hat shehad
attainedher
majority; ut
she must
have
been
married
oon
afterward o
Ermengol
amarell.
The latter
oon died,
n
September 076,
whenhe
made his
will.30
rom
this
and
other
documents,3" e
find hat
Ermengol
amarell,
Trudgarda and
their
ons
Pere
Ermengol
nd
Bernat,the
latter
till
smallboy,
held
large
estates n
the
Valles,
notably
the
allod of
Vilalba de
Cardedeu
and that of
Malenyanes.
We
know
three
other
brothers
f
Ermengol,
namelyArnau
Samarell in
1075,32
g
Samarell
n 1084
and Ramon
Samarell n the
same
year.33
he
latter
s the one
mentionedn
the ist
ofdues
of
Vilamajor
V19),
immediately
receding
is future
sister-in-law,
rudgarda.
Some other enantsof Sant Pere areknown romsolated
exts,whichhelpto
establishthe
date of our
list more
exactly.
Guillem
Sendred
was
executorof
Ermetruit'swill,
before1076.
A
Guadald
Bonnuci34
ho
appears in
the text of
1084
already
cited,
ogether
with
Ug
and
Ramon
Samarell,
ouldhave
been the
son
of
the
Bonnuci
Frexaneda who
paid dues
(V37).
I would
even
venture,
n
concluding
his
glimpse of the
neighborhood
f
eleventh-century
ilamajor,
o
connect wo or
three
ther
persons
whose
names
figure
n
the
lists
of
obligations.
We
have
already
seen
that in 1043
Mir
Senio-
fred,
on of
Senfred
de
Vilarara and
already
married,
old
some lands
of
Les
Bu-mes fthemountCavallar to a
certainArnauBonhome;Arnauwilledthem
to
Bonfill;
nd the
latter,dying
n
1065,
ceded
them
to
Trudgarda,
s
already
stated.
Now
this Bonfill
was also
the son of
Senfred
e
Vilarara
and
Ermetruit.
Among
he notesof
Mn.
Mas there
s an
extract
pparently
rom
parchment
f
the cathedral
of
Barcelona,
dated
5
February
1057, by
which
Bonfill
oniscle
(the
surname
hould be
corrected:
onifred)
eceived
n
pledge
from
Marti and
Gerberga
ome
lands
at
Les
Bu-mes
e
Cavallar,
the
same
place
where
he held
the others
manating
rom is
supposed
brother,
Mir
Seniofred.35
he
Gerberga,
landed
ady
ord
nd
alone,
who
paid
dues to
Sant Pere
(V25),
must
be the
widow
ofthisMarti,who,forhispart,was todie soonafter 057.
Now
recollecting
he
facts
ust
set
forth,
we can
deduce
that the
lists
of
the
parchment
f
Vilamajor
were
ertainly
omposed
fter 052
after
Riquel
lost her
husband
Amat)
and
probably
fter
1057
(if
Gerbergamay
be
identified s we
have
just
suggested).
They
were
certainly
one well
before
1076
(Seniofred e
Vilarara was
already
dead when his
widow
Ermetruit
ied before
1076);
and
probably
lso before
065,
whenBonfill
onifred
made a
bequest
to
Trudgarda,
30
bid., no.
947. See
also
A.C.B., "Libri
Antiquitatum,"
II, fo.
61
(no.
171).
31
Mas,
RkTricadels
Libri
Antiquitatum,
i
(Noteshistariques,), no. 925 (of 1075); no. 966 (of
1078).
B2 Ibid.,
no. 925,
together
with
Ermengol nd
Trudgarda.
33
Extract
mong
papers of Mn.
Mas,
without
ndication f
source.
34
his cognomen
s doubtful
n.the
rapid copy
of
Mn. Mas.
35
A.H.C.B.,
papers ofMn. Mas.
See
also
A.C.A.,
Generalitat, erg. 9,
reference
o
"Bonifili
oni-
fredi"
n
a text of
1065.
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8/20/2019 Mundó (Anscari M.)_Domains and Rights of Sant Pere de
Vilamajor (Catalonia). a Polyptych of c. 950 and c. 1060 …
22/25
254
Domains
and Rights
f Sant Pere
de
Vilamajor
still
unmarried.
n sum,
the lists
were
made possibly
between
1057 and
1065,
or certainly
fter
052
and well before
076,to
be most
precise.
The
title
nserted
etween
he two
series
of
dues
"de
Vila magore
d
ipsa
cannonica" indicates hat therewas morethanone priest t Sant Pere
and
that
theyformed
what
was
then
called a "canonry,"
group
of clerics
iving
n
common.
n fact,
the
priests
of Vilamajor
are
mentioned
n the plural
in
