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Multiple Sclerosis Lyme Disease
Historical Facts
“IULIU HATIEGANU” MEDICINE AND PHARMACY UNIVERSITY CLUJ NAPOCA
BIANCA SZABO M.D., Ph.D.
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HISTORY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Geoffrey Cervantes – multiple sclerosis, 2010
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Lidwina of Schiedam, Dutch patron Saint of Ice Skaters (1380 – 1433)
the first known patient dg. with multiple sclerosis
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Johannes Brugman's publication printed in Schiedam in 1498
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Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este (1794–1848)
"The Journal of a Disappointed Man“ - 1919 (1822-1846)
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Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
Wrote the first complete description of MS
and the changes in the brain which accompany it.
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1868 he made the first diagnosis of MS and the Clinico-Pathological definition stated by Dr. Jean Martin Charcot still holds today:
“ On Histological Sections, Multiple Sclerosis lesions contain Perivascular Inflammation and DeMyelination. Plaques occur anywhere within the White Matter of the Central Nervous System”.
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Sclerose en plaque: Charcot triad: 1. nystagmus 2. intention tremor 3. telegraphic (Scanning ) speech
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1878 Myelin was discovered by Biosketch of Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835-1922)
1878 "Lessons sur l'histologie du systme nerveux".
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1916 published a landmark paper on the histology of "disseminated sclerosis“ “Dawson’s fingers”
Dr. James Walker Dawson 1870-1927
described the inflammation and demyelinization after viewing brain cells of patients with MS through a microscope.
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1947 Columbia University research unusual protein in csf
1960 MS was an autoimmune disease
1970 steroids were used to treat attacks
1980 - 1990
MRI support
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promising clinical research in the form of stem cell treatments, which may be able to repair damaged myelin.
Recently
http://www.msfacts.org/
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Timeline of important events in the history of Lyme Disease
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1883 Alfred Buchwald (Germany) The first recorded case of Lyme Disease He described it as a degenerative skin disorder now known as ACA (acrodermatitis chronica atorphicans).
A skin rash indicative of the third or late stage of European Lyme borreliosis: atrophy the skin, polineuropathy
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Arvid Afzelius presents his research on expanding “ring like” lesion (erythema migrans) associated with what would
become known as Lyme Disease.
1909
Bull’s eye
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1922
Doctors describe large rash and nuerological type disease: •facial muscle paralysis (Bell's palsy), •disease of peripheral nerves (Peripheral Neuropathy), •meningitis, •including problems with: - memory, - mood or sleep, - speaking.
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1930 -1934
The disease is found to also cause
psychiatric problems: Confussion anxiety depression
Arthritic symptoms
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1975 Lyme, Connecticut.
Yale New Haven started a medical investigation
Polly Murray
Allen C. Steere professor of rheumatology at Harvard University and previously at Yale University
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Steere is credited with discovering and naming Lyme disease, and he published almost 200 scholarly articles on Lyme disease between 1977 and 2007.
first published about neurological and cardiac symptoms involved in his early studies of Lyme disease in 1977.
first published work about chronic manifestations of the disease in 1979.
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The syndrome first found in and around Lyme and Old Lyme, Connecticut came to be called "Lyme Arthritis" and later "Lyme Disease"
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1982
The etiological agent of the disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, IS discovered
spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, causative agent of Lyme disease. While only 0.2-0.3 micrometers wide, the cell length may exceed 15 to 20 micrometers.
Dr. Willy Burgdorfer
SEM image
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1983
oral and intravenous antibiotics begins and clinicians define the three stages of Lyme Disease.
• Stage 1: Early localized infection
(1 to 4 weeks)
• Stage 2: Early disseminated infection
(1 to 4 months)
• Stage 3: Late persistent infections
Treatment of Lyme disease
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1988 Lyme Disease Foundation (LDF) Founded.
PO Box 332 Tolland, CT 06084-0332 Phone: 860-870-0070 email: [email protected]
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [letter] AUTHORS: Fallon BA, Nields JA. SOURCE: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998 Summer;10(3):366-7 The association between tick-borne infections, Lyme borreliosis and autism spectrum disorders AUTHORS: Bransfield RC, Wulfman JS, Harvey WT, Usman AI SOURCE: Medical Hypotheses. 5 Nov 2007 Audiologic manifestations of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome AUTHORS: Shotland LI, Mastrioanni MA, Choo DL, Szymko-Bennett YM, Dally LG, Pikus AT, Sledjeski K, Marques A SOURCE: Ear Hear. 2003 Dec;24(6):508-17 Borrelia burgdorferi central nervous system infection presenting as an organic schizophrenialike disorder. AUTHORS: Hess A, Buchmann J, Zettl UK, Henschel S, Schlaefke D, Grau G, Benecke R. SOURCE: Biol Psychiatry 1999 Mar 15;45(6):795 Borrelia burgdorferi-seropositive chronic encephalomyelopathy: Lyme neuroborreliosis? An autopsied report. AUTHORS: Kobayashi K, Mizukoshi C, Aoki T, Muramori F, Hayashi M, Miyazu K, Koshino Y, Ohta M, Nakanishi I, Yamaguchi N. SOURCE: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1997 Nov-Dec;8(6):384-90. AUTHORS: Newberg A, Hassan A, Alavi A. SOURCE: Nucl Med Commun 2002 August;23(8):773-777 Chronic neurologic manifestations of erythema migrans borreliosis. AUTHORS: Ackermann R, Rehse-Kupper B, Gollmer E, Schmidt R. SOURCE: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;539:16-23. Co-existance of toxoplasmosis and neuroborreliosis - a case report. AUTHORS: Gustaw K, Beltowska K, Dlugosz E. SOURCE: Ann Agric Environ Med. 2005;12(2):305-8. Cognitive processing speed in Lyme disease. AUTHORS: Pollina DA, Sliwinski M, Squires NK, Krupp LB. SOURCE: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1999 Jan;12(1):72-8. Constipation Heralding Neuroborreliosis AUTHORS: Shamim A, Shamim S; Liss G; Nylen E; Pincus J; Yepes M. SOURCE: Arch Neurol. 2005;62:671-673. A Controlled Study of Cognitive Deficits in Children With Chronic Lyme Disease AUTHORS: Tager FA, Fallon BA, Keilp J, Rissenberg M, Jones CR, Liebowitz MR. SOURCE: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13:500-507, November 2001 FULL TEXT: http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/Tager.pdf Delirium and Lyme disease. AUTHORS: Caliendo MV, Kushon DJ, Helz JW. SOURCE: Psychosomatics. 1995 Jan-Feb;36(1):69-74. Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease with Special Reference to Psychiatric Practice. AUTHORS: Nields JA, Fallon BA. SOURCE: Directions in Psychiatry, 1998, 18: 209-228. Endogenous paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome caused by Borrelia encephalitis AUTHORS: Barnett W, Sigmund D, Roelcke U, Mundt C. SOURCE: Nervenarzt 1991 Jul;62(7):445-7 [German] Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of human ehrlichiosis in the United States, 1988.
References
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