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MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
Howard Gardner
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
What is intelligence?
Capacity to learn and the
ability to apply that learning
Usually reported as intelligence
quotient
What is intelligence?
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?
-Binet, Simon dan Terman
Emotional Quotient (EQ)?
-Goleman
Multiple Intelligence (MI)?
- Gardner
WRONG CONCEPTS ABOUT INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence is fixed
Each individual has only one type of intelligence
WHAT IS THEMULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY? Each individual has at least eight
(nine) intelligences at different developmental levels
The different intelligences function together in a complex manner
Intelligence can be developed and changes throughout life
THE NINE INTELLIGENCES
1. Linguistic 2. Logical-mathematical 3. Visual Spatial 4. Bodily-kinesthetic 5. Musical 6. Interpersonal 7. Intrapersonal 8. Naturalis 9. Spiritual
Linguistic
Spatial
Rhythm
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Mathematical
+-
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
18 2
3
45
6
7
Kinesthetic
Spiritual
9
Linguistic
Expresses itself in words, both written & oral, & in auditory skills.
Can learn by listening. Like to read, write & speak, & like to play with
words.
Logical-Mathematical
Includes scientific ability. Often called as ‘critical thinking’. Like to do things with data; they see patterns
and relationships. Like to solve math problems & play strategy
games. Tend to use graphic organisers both to please
themselves & to present their information to others.
Highly valued in our technological society.
Visual Spatial
Tend to think in pictures & learn best from visual presentations such as movies, pictures, videos & demonstrations using models & props.
Like to draw, paint or sculpt their ideas & often represent moods & feelings through art.
Good at reading maps & diagrams, & enjoy solving mazes & putting together jigsaw puzzles.
Often experienced & expressed through daydreaming, imagining & pretending.
Kinesthetic
Process information through the sensations they feel in their bodies.
They like to move around, act things out & touch the people they are talking to.
Good at both small & large muscle skills & enjoy physical activities & sports of all kinds.
Prefer to communicate information by demonstration or modeling.
Express emotion & mood through dance.
Musical
Sensitive to sounds, environmental as well as musical. Often sing, whistle or hum while engaging in other
activities. Love to listen to music; may collect CDs & tapes, often
play an instrument. Sing on key & can remember & vocally reproduce
melodies. Move rhythmically in time to activity or make up
rhythms & songs to help them remember facts & other information.
Interpersonal
Enjoys friends & social activities of all kinds & is reluctant to be alone.
Enjoy working in groups, learn while interacting & cooperating, & often serve as mediators in case of disputes, both in a school situation & at home.
Cooperative learning strategy could have been designed just for them.
Intrapersonal
Shown through a deep awareness of inner feelings.
Allows people to understand themselves, their abilities & their options.
Independent & self-directed & have strong opinions on controversial subjects.
Great sense of self-confidence & enjoy working on their own projects & just being alone.
Naturalist
Focuses on individual’s ability “to recognize & discriminate among flora & fauna & other things in the world like clouds & rocks.
Spiritual
The capacity to raise and reflect on philosophical questions about life, death, and ultimate realities.
existential intelligence, moral intelligence The aptitude to reflect on fundamental
questions of existence.
Observation of pupils when studying
Activities pupils like to do during free time
Achievement records and reports
Intelligence profiles of pupils
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCEImplications in education
1. Helps students obtain skills for new millennium
2. Form understanding of student motivation
3. Helps teacher understand influences on students’ intelligence
4. Set up schools that accept and appreciate the different intelligences among students
How can you incorporate multiple intelligences in the
teaching and learning process?
Teaching & learning strategies
Cooperative Collaborative Contextual Project-based Problem based Use of ICT Inquiry & discovery
Questions that can help when preparing lessons
VERBAL-LINGUISTIC
How can I use verbal and written language?
LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL
How can I use numbers. calculations, classification, critical thinking?
VISUAL-SPATIAL
How can I use teaching aids that use visualization, art, color and graphic organizers?
MUSIC
How can I use music, sounds, rhythmic elements and melody?
Questions that can help when preparing lessons
KINESTHETIC
How can I incorporate movement and hands on activities?
INTERPERSONAL
How can I involve pupils in group work, peer sharing?
INTRAPERSONAL
How can I encourage pupils to do self introspection about their feelings/
NATURALIS
How can I bring nature into the classroom or take pupils out into natural environment?
Ways multiple intelligences can be incorporated in the classroom
1. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE STATIONS Each station has
certain elements E.g. Naturalist station
can have flora and fauns
The stations can be created using themes or intelligences in rotation if space not enough
EXAMPLE:
Intrapersonal Station
Station away from noise and disturbance
Pupils can be give ear plugs so its quiet and they can read, write, think and do self reflection
2. CLASSROOM DECORATIONS
Decorate classroom with information that can be appreciated by each intelligence
E.g. Verbal linguistic pupils can prepare posters about famous authors
E.g. Logical mathematical
Models of shapes and formulas
Examples of money from different countries
+-
3. FIELD TRIPS
Taking pupils out for trips to different places to observe and understand different intelligences
E.g. Music trip
Taking pupils to listen to Philharmonic Orchestra
Taking pupils to recording studios to see how radio programs are produced.
4. CLASSROOM RESOURCES
For each subject many resources can be integrated into lesson to increase pupil
interest
CLASSROOM RESOURCES
KINESTHETIC Balls Umbrella Building Kits Stop watch Rattan Hoops Robotic Kits
INTERPERSONAL Biographies Role play cards Board games Birthday charts
How to evaluate?
Projects and products
Performance, presentation and demonstration
Video recording, photographs, CD
How to evaluate?
Problem solving and experiments
Reports, folios, portfolios and exhibition
Observation in intelligence stations
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
We are all able to know the world through language, logical mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things and an understanding of ourselves and others. Individuals differ in the strength of these intelligences
Howard Gardner, 1991
Homework
Identify a science activity you would do with children. Discuss how you can teach the same concepts using different multiple intelligences.