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Multimedia Project
byKateryna Mogan
Kelsey McConkeyBrooke BennettJulie Pessagno
Ethical Issues for Safety and
Security
Social Networking
• Networks- "social places, where people discover frienships, discuss ideas, find others who share unusual interests, argue... play games and fall in love" (Lynch 1)
• Potential employers can view Facebook or My Space websites to make a finil hiring judgment without violating federal law!
• Once personal information is posted on Facebook or My Sapce, the information is availible to public (Potter, 2008)
Acceptable Use Policies • Different websites have different Use Policies
• Most include statement that prohibits "disruptive,
frivolous, illegal, and obscene communications, along with any form of harassement" (Lynch, 1994)
• Most networks produce written statements
outlining what sort of traffic they permit (Lynch, 1994)
• To avoid misunderstanding, people must learn
what is acceptable to do on each (Lynch, 1994)
Netiquette• Definition: "on-line civility, is a matter of common
sense and of remebering the context behaviour (Lynch, 1994)
• do not waste other people's time• do not take up network space with unnecessary files• write clearly, try to spell correctly and use app. grammar• use expressive symbols to clarify meaing• do not SHOUT needlessly• sign mesages and include email to avoid confusion• avoid personal attact ot complains that ar known as
flaming
Cyberbullying
• Cyberbullying is done virtually and cannot physically hurt anybody, but consequences are rather serious
Types of Cyberbullying
• the vengeful angel• the power hungry or revenge of the nerds• the mean girls• the inadvertant cyerbully
Most of them do not think of themselves as cyberbullies but do it anyway
Student Data
Student are the largest groups of people to use the internet, this creates safety issues regarding student data.
"The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is a Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records" (Family Education).
The law applies to all schools that recieve fund under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education.
Student dataHowever, FERPA allows schools to disclose those records, without consent when:• School officials with legitimate educational interest;• Other schools to which a student is transferring; • Specified officials for audit or evaluation purposes; • Appropriate parties in connection with financial aid to a student; • Organizations conducting certain studies for or on behalf of the
school; • Accrediting organizations; • To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena; • Appropriate officials in cases of health and safety emergencies;
and • State and local authorities, within a juvenile justice system,
pursuant to specific State law.(Family Education)
Internet Privacy
• “Privacy is a status wherein an individual can work on his/ her information in seclusion, resulting in a selective revelation of one’s identity and information” (Ethical Issues).
• Privacy to some can mean remaining unidentified
while using the internet, while to others it can be related to the security aspect of the individual and / or the information that they are looking at / putting in.
• Most people though would agree that unauthorized
access to any internet data is not desire.
Internet Privacy
This comes into play with...• social networking sites, email facilities and the
browsing of many of websites• On-line shopping beginning up the ethical issue of
having personal banking and address information. They in turn are not allowed distribute this information to others.
• Issues also arise within email facilities and whether a third party should be allowed store and read emails. (Ethical Issues).
Internet Privacy Podcast
Internet Privacy Podcast
Guidelines for Teachers
• Teach your students to flter information they post on their personal websites, or simply do not post things that are potentially embarassing or dameging.
• Teach you studetns the importance of understanding and following the Acceptable Use Policies of each of the website they use to avoid misunderstanding
• Make sure your students know and follow the rules of Netiquette while using Interent at school and at home
• Cyberbullying is dengerous! Make sure that as a teacher you address each case individually and lecture students not to participate and report cuyberbullying
Digital Divide
Digital Divide
-The Digital Divide..."the gap between those who had access to new information technology, and those who did not" (Jackson).-Factors: Race, Gender, Socio-economic, & Teacher Bias-Race & Gender have a large affect on the intensity and information technology used by children today. African American males were the least intense users of the computer and internet, and African American females were the most intense users. Males, regardless of what race, used mostly video games and females used mostly cell phones.
Digital Divide, con't
-"The Digital Divide affects low socio-economic groups in particular. According to previous research done and survey results of the ELOST project, socio-economic factors-especially age and level of education-play a role in determining whether a person is a internet user or non-user" (Innovation).-Depending on income of individual, technology is simply not available to them.-Teacher Bias relating to The Digital Divide has to do with teachers not using computers at all with their students because they know some don't have home access to one so they seclude technology from their students' learning.
Resource Equity
- while more than 98% of American schools are computers, there are many students that still do not get equal technological resource use. - This inequality includes:
lack of literacy skillsaccess to information and communication
softwareaccess to culturally relevant contentability to creat and share digial contentaccess to educators who know how to use
the digital tools
Resource Equity, con't
- Due to fear of resource inequality, teachers refrain from assigning technology based homework - Computer refurbishment is one attempt to provide all schools with computers and internet access - The digital divide is not limited to internet use, but encompasses digital software, digital cameras, and all other forms of digital technology.
Digital Divide Graph
Guidelines for Teachers
- Teachers can use classtime to work on the computers to ensure all students have equal opportunity to use the internet or computer programs as well as have the teacher on hand for any assisstance needed.- Teachers can give options for projects. This was students that do not have certain technologies can still complete the project.-Teachers could have one day of instruction on how to use the technology in the classroom, that way all students, no matter race or gender would understand how to use the technology.
Legal Use of Digital Media
Copyright
Copyright “is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of ‘original works of authorship’ including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, architectural
and certain other intellectual works” (Copyright).
CopyrightFor the most part almost everything on the internet is protected by these laws. • Copyrights apply to: • “links • original text • graphics • audio • video • html, vrml, other unique markup language sequences • List of Web sites compiled by an individual or organization • and all other unique elements that make up the original nature of
the material” (Copyright).
Fair Use
Fair Use “is the right to use copyrighted material without permission or payment under some circumstances- especially when the cultural or social benefits of the use are predominant” (Fair Use). Fair use gives educators the right to quote copyrighted material without having to pay or ask for permission.
Fair Use
The fair use code is outlined in Best Practices in Fair Use for Media Literacy Education. It provides a guide that identifies the five principles that are acceptable practices for the fair uses of copyrighted material.1.”Employing copyrighted material in media literacy lessons2. Employing copyrighted material in preparing curriculum materials3. Sharing media literacy curriculum materials4. Students use copyrighted materials in their own academic and creative work5. Developing audiences for student work” (Fair Use).
Creative Commons
- non-profit organization aimed at opening opportunities to share creative work - gives some leeway to copyright laws; allows for adaptations of work - a license that offers a way to use copyrighted work while still protecting the rights of original creator.
Creative Commons, con't
- license allows the adaptation, distribution, and performance of work. - all adapted work must depict original creator's name and the original title. - no changes may damage or degrade original author's reputation. - all copyright notices must be kept intact.
Guidelines for Teachers
- Teachers can use the Creative Commons license to make digital story books using music and pictures created by others as long as the rules of the license are followed.- Teachers need consult Copyright laws to insure that their use of material will not be considered plagiarism.- Teachers should check material to see if it could be used under fair use. This will allow educators the right to quote copyrighted material without having to pay or ask for permission.
Works Cited
-Aerschot, L.V., & Rodousakis, N. (2008). The link between socio-economic background and Internet use: barriers faced by low socio-economic status groups and possible solutions. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 317-351. Doi: 10.1080/13511610802576927"Copyright and the Internet." Mason academic research system (mason.gmu.edu). 28 Apr. 2009 http://mason.gmu.edu/~montecin/copyright-internet.htm. CreativeCommons.org. License. Accessed: April 27, 2009. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. Ethical Issues of Internet Privacy." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent life on the Web. 27 Apr. 2009. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ethical-issues-of internet-privacy.html. "FairUse &Copyright--."Center for social Media at American University. 27 Apr.2009. http://www. centerforscial media.or.resources/fair_use/. "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)." U.S. Department of Education Home Page. 03 May 2009 http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html.
Works Cited, con't
Jackson, L.A., Zhao, Y., Kolenic, A., Fitzgerald, H.E., Harold, R., & Eye, A.V. (2008). Race, Gender, and Information Technology Use: The New Digital Divide. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11. Doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0157iste.Community Ning. Well, Digital Divide and Digital Equity Made Top News in ESchool News Are We On Again? December 30, 2008. Accessed: April 27, 2009. http://www.iste-community.org/forum/topics/well-digital-divide-and Lynch, M. (1994). Ethical Issues in Electronic Information Systems. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from Colorado University: http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/ethics/ethics.html Potter, L. (2008, February 22). Legal and ethical issues when employers check applicants' social networking sites. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from More with Les: http://lespotter001.wordpress.comTeacherTube.com. CBS MySpace Cyber Bullying Story. 15 April, 2009. Accessed: 28 April, 2009. http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=97073“The Digital Disconnect: A Recent Pew Study.” Learning & Leading with Technology. Vol. 31 Num. 4 December/January 2003-2004. Unavoidable Ethical Questions About Socail Networking. (2009). Retrieved April 26, 2009, from Santa Clara University: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications.html .
Works Cited, cont.
What methods work with different kinds of cyberbullies? (2009). Retrieved April 26, 2009, from STOP Cyberbullying: http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/educators.htmlWikipedia.com. Creative Commons. Updated: April 27, 2009. Accessed: April 27, 2009. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons
