-
Multicast for Everyone Else: It’s finally here!Lenny
Giuliano
Andrew Gallo
-
What is Multicast for Everyone Else (MFEE)?
• Multicast ubiquitously available for EVERYONE (not just those
in this room)!• Not just a hope for a distant future, but works
today!
2
-
Why Multicast?
• First, some simple facts:• HD Bitrate: 4-8 Mbps • 4K Bitrate:
35-45 Mbps • 8K Bitrate: 80-100 Mbps• VR Bitrate: 500Mbps-5.2
Gbps!!!
• Akamai Traffic Record (Dec 2018): 72 Tbps• Akamai estimated to
deliver 15-30% of total web traffic• 72Tbps / 40Mbps = 1.8m
simultaneous 4k viewers to set new traffic record
3
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/105/materials/slides-105-mops-mops-taxonomy-of-issues
-
#179/207 “The Resident”: 1.848m
* Source: Jake Holland, Akamai
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/105/materials/slides-105-mops-mops-taxonomy-of-issues
-
Can Brute Force Unicast (BFU) Keep Up??
• TV Audience of average NFL game: ~15M• 15M viewers @ 40Mbps =
600Tbps!!
• TV Audience of other major events:• Super Bowl 100m• 2015
Cricket World Cup (India played): 200-300m• 2018 FIFA World Cup
Finals: 500m
• “Cord Cutting” Evolution- live, linear TV is the last
frontier• YouTubeTV, SlingTV, HuluTV, etc
• Live, linear TV is not dead yet!
5
-
What’s old is new: Live streaming is Trending
• Brand Transparency and Authenticity: due to spontaneous and
un-editable nature, live streams are perceived as more authentic
and drive greater emotional engagement than on-demand
• Viewers spend 8X longer with live video than on-demand (5.1
minutes for on-demand vs. 42.8 minutes for live video content)
• 67% of live video viewers are more likely to make a purchase•
>50% of marketing professionals said they have seen the best ROI
from live video than
any other social media platform• Live video is outpacing the
growth of other types of online video, with a 113% increase
in ad growth yearly
6
https://50wheel.com/the-top-video-live-streaming-statistics-to-know-in-2018/https://50wheel.com/the-top-video-live-streaming-statistics-to-know-in-2018/http://www.mediative.com/2018-digital-trends-10-live-streaming-video/https://admarketing.yahoo.net/rs/118-OEW-181/images/Yahoo_The%2520Live%2520Video%2520Opportunity_2016.pdf
-
• Any argument for/against IPv6 applies just as well to Internet
Mcast• It’s not needed: NAT, CDN• It is needed: v4 address
exhaustion, inefficiency of duplicated video streams
• Both suffer the “all or nothing” problem• Both require new
protocols/extensions of old ones• Both born in the 90s, struggled
through adolescence, un/underemployed as
young adults• Both require faith in the unseen• Both do
accomplish little on their own, but enable big things
Internet Mcast and IPv6: Technological Cousins
-
Conclusion: Live linear video is here to stay
• … but, IP (unicast) is not well suited to multi-destination
traffic• IP Multicast was created 2+ decades ago to solve this
problem• So, what went wrong?
8
-
In the beginning, there was unicast…$$$$!!!
-
…then came Multicast
-
But, there was a problem with multicast…Internet
Mcast-enabledMcast-enabled
Mcast-enabled Unicast-only
Unicast-onlyUnicast-only
Unicast-only
Unicast-only
• The “All or Nothing” problem
-
What to do? CDNs!• Content Delivery Networks became popular•
Almost as good as multicast, and it just works!
-
Comparison: Unicast, CDN and Multicast
Audience
Cost
Unicast
Multicast
CDN
• Cost (audience) for the Content Provider• CDNs don’t eliminate
the BFU problem, they just distribute it
-
So What’s New?• Internet Multicast has been around since the
90’s and hasn’t gained much traction, so
why will this time be different?
• ASM Deprecation- SSM-only, eliminates most of the complexity
of multicast• draft-ietf-mboned-deprecate-interdomain at IESG now,
soon to be RFC• BCP already applied in I2
• Automatic Multicast Tunneling (RFC7450)• Addresses fundamental
“all or nothing” problem of multicast• Tunneling is fashionable-
“Overlay Networking” is cool now!
-
AMT- How it works
Mcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
Mcast Traffic
Mcast Join
UDP-IGMP Request
•Gateway (client) uses Anycastto discover nearest
relay.•UDP-encapped IGMP report is sent to relay at the edge of the
mcast network.
Relay
GW
-
AMT – Unicast Edge NetworkMcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
Mcast Traffic
Mcast Join
UDP-IGMP Request
Mcast join is sent by relay on behalf of the unicast
receiver.
Relay
GW
-
Mcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
AMT – Unicast Edge NetworkMcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
Mcast Traffic
Mcast Join
UDP-IGMP Request
Mcast stream is replicated and encapped in UDP to the unicast
receiver.
UDP Ucast Stream
Relay
GW
-
Mcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
AMT – Unicast Edge NetworkMcast Enabled ISP
Unicast-Only Network
Content Owner
Mcast Enabled Local Provider
Mcast Traffic
Mcast Join
UDP-IGMP Request
UDP Ucast Stream
Buy a bigger pipe, or enable multicast, or both?(AMT is a
stopover, not a destination)
RelayGW
GWGW
-
Steps for World DominationMFEE in 5 steps:• Step 1: AMT
Relays
• 1st Relay deployed at TJHS by William Zhang for senior
project• Two more relays deployed at GWU
• Step 2: AMT GW implementations• Wanted in-browser
implementation, but not possible today (*)• GW implemented in VLC
by Natalie Landsberg/Wayne Brassem, available in 4.0.0
• Step 3: Portal for mContent• William wrote script to find all
active sources (non-beacons) on I2 Looking Glass (found 119 sources
> 5pps) • Andrew created VLC Playlist from script
• Step 4: Off-Net Sourcing• Simple way for end users to add live
multicast content to the MBone• Successfully demo’d with iPhone
(ping) at IETF Singapore using LISP; working on camera video…
• Step 5: ???19
Profit!!
-
MFEE Architecture: Putting it all togetherInternet
MBONE (I2)
Mcast Source
Relay
Off-net Receiver
Off-net Source LISP ETR
AMT
LISP
RelayRelay
Native Receiver
-
How to get involved
Lots more to be done:• In-browser implementation (kicked off at
IETF)• Portal- curation script to populate “TV Guide” of
active streams• Add more relays• Off-Net Sourcing- need help
getting phone camera
to transmit multicast packets• Grad students wanted!• Content,
content, content!• Tshirts available…• See me at the Juniper booth
(or bar) if interested
21
Multicast
-
Why Internet2?
• The MBONE is synonymous with Internet2• Is there are larger
multicast network around?• One that has lots of inter-domain
traffic?
• Internet2 is both a testbed and production network.• AMT is a
production-ready technology, but needs exposure
• We’re a community that likes to try new things the commercial
guys wont play with
• AMT democratizes and decentralizes content sourcing, something
the internet sorely needs in 2020
22
-
Wanna play?• STEP 1: Download version of VLC with AMT
Integration
(any nightly build after 11/11/19)•
https://nightlies.videolan.org/
• STEP 2: See details for usage• See README at
https://github.com/Juniper/amt-vlc
• STEP 3: Open some streams:
23
Content URL
Big Buck Bunny amt://[email protected]
Elephant's Dream amt://[email protected]
Sintel amt://[email protected]
NASA amt://[email protected]
Science content from GMU amt://[email protected]
(your content here) Please share interesting multicast
sources
https://nightlies.videolan.org/https://github.com/Juniper/amt-vlc
-
Acknowledgements and Further Reading• Pete Morasca (TJHS)•
William Zhang (TJHS, UVa)• Natalie Landsberg/Wayne Brassem
(Juniper)• Dino Farinacci (lispers.net)• References
Natalie/Wayne’s VLC with AMT GW
buildhttps://github.com/Juniper/amt-vlc
William’s Senior Project
Docshttps://github.com/willzhang05/senior-research
Curation
Resultshttps://github.com/willzhang05/senior-research/blob/master/logs/results.txt
• Lots more technical details to cover• Join the team at
mttg.slack.com, send us email to join ([email protected],
[email protected])
https://github.com/Juniper/amt-vlchttps://github.com/willzhang05/senior-researchhttps://github.com/willzhang05/senior-research/blob/master/logs/results.txt
