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Multi-Cultural Teaming. The Joys and Challenges of Teamwork. Biblical Basis for Multi-cultural teams. The Concept of the Body of Christ. The Early Apostolic Team (Paul’s teams) Our Future Destiny: Rev. 5:9-10 The universality of the gospel. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Multi-Cultural Teaming
The Joys and Challenges of Teamwork
Biblical Basis for Multi-cultural teams.
The Concept of the Body of Christ. The Early Apostolic Team (Paul’s teams) Our Future Destiny: Rev. 5:9-10 The universality of the gospel. The need for help with each of our cultural
bias. (bonwood)
World missions must be multicultural because the gospel is for everyone and the Great Commission is for all believers. But being an effective multicultural leader (team) is not easy, especially when false expectations and hidden assumptions exist about what it means to be a leader or follower (or team).
Plueddemann, James E. Leading Across Cultures p22.
Thesis:
“Anyone who aspires to lead a multicultural team must invest time and resources to learn who the people on the team are, what expectations they have about teamwork, and how those expectations create the potential of mistrust and conflict. Leaders must understand that individuals in stressful situations, despite their considerable cross cultural learning and experience regress to their default culture-habits, values, and patterns of interaction acquired in childhood.” (Lingenfelter,p.26)
Culture….no big deal! We are basically all the same…
How are a chicken and buffalo alike?
Value DimensionsDimension One Extreme Other ExtremeIdentity Collectivism IndividualismHierarchy Large Power Distance Small Power DistanceGender Femininity MasculinityTruth Strong Uncertainty
AvoidanceWeak Uncertainty Avoidance
Virtue Long-Term Orientation Short-Term Orientation
Hofstede, Peterson, Hofstede.Exploring Culture
Same Values- Different Terms
EqualityDirect
IndividualTaskRisk
HierarchyIndirectGroup
RelationshipCaution
Equality vs. HierarchyEquality
Be self- directedHave flexibility in rolesFreedom to challenge
those in powerMake exceptions, be
flexible, bend the rules
Treat men and women in basically the same way
Hierarchytake direction from
those aboveCertain roles= certain
behaviorRespect and not
challenge opinions of those who are in power
Enforce regulations Treat men and women
differently
Direct Style VS. IndirectDirect
Direct in speaking and less concerned about how it is said
Openly confront issuesStraightforward
communicationEngage in conflict when
necessarySay things clearly, not
leaving much open to interpretation
IndirectFocus on message and
how it is saidDiscreetly avoid difficult
or contentious issuesExpress concerns
tactfullyAvoid conflict if at all
possibleDiplomacyCount on listener to
interpret meaning
Individual vs. GroupIndividual
Take individual initiativeUse personal guidelines in
personal situationsFocus on themselvesJudge people based on
individual traitsMake decisions individuallyMove in and out of groups
as neededBe nonconformists when
necessary
GroupAct cooperatively- group
goalsStandardize guidelinesLoyalty to friends and
familyIdentity through groupTeam or group is before
the individualConform to social normsKeep group membership
for life
Task vs. RelationshipTask
People defined by what they do
Business first- relationships come later
Sacrifice leisure and family time for work
Get to know people superficially
Impersonal selection criteria
RelationshipPeople defined by who
they areEstablish rapport and
trust before businessHave personal
relationships with co-workers
People come before workUse largely personal
selection- family connections
Risk vs. CautionRisk
Decisions made quickly with little information
Focus on present and futureLess cautious in – “let’s get it
done”Change quickly without fear
of risksReady to try new or
innovative ways of doing things
Willing to change plans at last minute
Fewer rules and guidelines
CautionCollect information, then
make decisionFocus on the pastChange slowly and avoid
risksMore rules neededRefer to past precedents-
what worked and what did not
Stick to proven methods for solving problems
No last minute plansPeterson, Brooks. Cultural Intellilgence
“to work in harmony leaders (teams) in the global church must recognize and appreciate cultural differences in both external preferences and internal values.
The more cultural diversity on the team, the greater the possibility for misunderstanding and greater the need for patient, humble understanding about cultural expectations and preferences.
KEY
What are my own cultural assumptions about teaming and leadership?
What are my teammates cultural assumptions about teaming and leadership?
What biblical principles of teaming and leadership are universal and what are flexible.
Key Questions:
Thesis: “Even the most current traditions of leadership are culturally bound, and
when applied in cross-cultural and multicultural contexts, these
traditions become obstacles to effective ministry” (p.15)
Uncover your own unconscious cultural values.
Discover the cultural values of others through interaction and careful listening.
“Leaders in multicultural situations have the opportunity to explore Scripture from the perspective of the other culture.” p.65
Cultural values and Biblical Principles.
Found in Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business by Fons Tempenaars and Hampton Turner. Pp 157-178.
Metaphors of Cultural Expectations.
The Family Culture
Hierarchical and personal: Relationships are face to face. The company is a family with responsibility to take care of its employees. Employees are expected to be loyal and obedient. This is a high context culture; high value on collectivistic harmony; high power distance and high tolerance for ambiguity.
(Japan, France and Spain).
Family Culture
The Effel Tower Culture:
Hierarchical and bureaucratic. Narrow at the top and broad at the bottom. The leader doesn’t need to be personal. The role of the leader is more important than his personal qualities. Values efficiency and achievement of pre-determined goals. Decisions are logical and follow the rules. This culture is low context, individualistic and high power distance with a low tolerance for ambiguity. (German and Austrian companies).
Effel Tower Culture:
The Guided Missile Culture
Egalitarian and project oriented. Leaders are coordinators of experts. Members tend to be loyal to their profession rather than to each other or the company. When the task is completed they move on to another company. It is low context, individualistic, low power distance, low tolerance for ambiguity.
(U.S. and British companies).
The Guided Missile Culture
The Incubater Culture:
Based on the idea that organizations are secondary to the fulfillment of individuals.
Incubators for self-expression and self fulfillment. Personal and egalitarian. High context, low power distance, collectivistic. Examples of this would be high tech start ups, legal firms, medical practices, artistic groups. Leadership is achieved by skill, not ascribed. The best programmer, or doctor, or artist becomes the leader. There is a high tolerance for ambiguity. (Sweden).
Incubator Culture:
“Learning to lead in the multi-cultural context will be disconcerting.” (p.11- Plueddemann)
One may have a very successful style in his own culture and be entirely out of tune in a multicultural setting. Multi-cultural leadership calls for different skills and attitudes, withholding judgment and the awareness that familiar tunes are played differently.
See page 110
My strengths can be my greatest weakness, because I learn to be independent of those with whom I work. When I begin to see the church or my co-workers as slow learners, impediments to progress, or even as those who I should not bother, I am setting my self up for failure.
Arrogance is a very subtle temptation! At times we are blinded by how our own cultural history shapes how we do things and what our own expectations are.
Leadership is difficult! Leading in a multicultural context is even more difficult.
“We can not accomplish the work of the Kingdom of God unless we are willing to work together in the fellowship of a loving community and forgive as he has forgiven us.”
Col. 3:15 (p.25)
How can leaders help team members break the habits of their default culture?
What priority should a leader give to the creation of a covenant community in which team members commit first to one another as people of God and then to working together as one on the mission of God?
Big questions:
Theological Basis: I Peter 2:9-10 “But you are a chosen race, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. Once you were not a people, but now you are God’s people, once you had not received mercy but now you have received mercy.”
Building a Covenant Community (Lingenfelter)
A. We are people with a new identity: 1. we are chosen people. 2. We are people on a mission – to declare
the praises of him who called us out of darkness to light.
3. we are people “once without mercy who have received mercy”
B. We must commit together to practice this Covenant relationship.
The Biblical Foundation of Teaming
It is a “partnership with others through a ritual meal or ceremony witnessed by God, in which we agree together to live according to new standards of behavior founded in our relationship with God”(p. 75) and our calling as a people of God to proclaim Christ.
What does a Covenant mean.
1. Identity in Christ as God’s chosen people. 2. Presence of the Holy Spirit. 3. Love one another. 4. One Body serving in diversity. 5. One Body working together in unity. 6. Submitting to one another. 7. Speaking graciously. 8. Restoring mercifully. Lingenfelter, pp. 76-79
Foundational Principles
Plueddemann pp. 212-215
Work to build a culture of Grace