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MULTI- BAND STACKED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

Ishan Budhiraja, Mohammad Aftab Alam Khan, Mehwash Farooqui and Manoj Kumar Pal

Abstract— A microstrip antenna is well suited for wireless application due to their low weight, low volume, and low sensitivity to

manufacturing tolerances. In the recent years, communication system often requires multiband antennas to avoid the use of different

antennas. In this paper, multiband characteristic of two layers stacked different shapes geometries (Circle, Pentagon, Hexagon, Octagon)

microstrip patch antenna is experimentally studied. It is a probe feed antenna for impedance matching with 50Ω coaxial cable. This antenna

works well in the frequency range from 0-10GHz.The variations in the shapes likes circle, pentagon, hexagon and octagon of the stacked

microstrip patch antenna have been analyzed, and it is found multi resonance with decreasing lower resonance frequency with changes in

its shape. The return loss, directivity and gain have been measured with the help of IE3D Zealand software.

Index Terms—Multiband antenna, Returns loss, Directivity, Gain, Wireless applications

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1 INTRODUCTION

he demand for application of microstrip antenna in various communication systems has been increasing rapidly due to its lightweight, low cost, small size, ease of integration

with other microwave [1–4]. Due to that microstrip patch antenna gained in popularity and become a major research topic in both theoretically and experimentally. However one of main disadvantages of micro-strip antenna is their narrow band width. It is well known that the multilayer structure is useful method to improve these problems. The researcher have investigated their basic characteristics and extensive efforts have also been developed to design of electromagnetically coupled two layer elliptical microstrip stacked antenna [5], stacked square patch antenna for Bluetooth application [6] and analysis of stacked microstrip rectangular microstrip antenna [7]. Several methods have been presented in the last years to improve it, s such as: thicker substrate [8] reactive matching network [9], and stacked patches [10–12]. As the single-layer patch antennas do not perform well when high dielectric constant materials are used It has been reported that a combination of high dielectric constant and low dielectric constant laminates, referred to as hi–lo configurations, can yield similar impedance bandwidths and radiation performance to that of a conventional stacked patch. Unlike cases where a single layer case using a high dielectric constant substrate where the surface wave efficiency is poor, the HI–LO stacked patch has very high surface wave efficiency across the impedance bandwidth. This somewhat startling revelation opens up a new avenue in the area of integration research. Hi–lo stacked patches have several salient features that are useful for integration with MMICs and OEICs: (1) good bandwidth can be achieved; (2) minimum back radiation is present

because of the ground plane; (3) they are relatively simple to design; (4) low cross-polarization levels are radiated, indicating that good quality CP can easily be generated. So it quite clear that the bandwidth can also be improved by stacking a parasitic patch on the fed patch [13-16].Therefore in this present paper, we observed on an electromagnetically stacked rectangular microstrip antenna with number of parasitic elements. By using two stacked patches of different shapes. Experimental work is carried out to study the effect of stacking on various parameters of antenna.

2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The microstrip antenna can take any shapes. It may be circle,

pentagon, hexagon, and octagon .The proposed microstrip

stacked antenna consists of five patches and designed for

10GHz frequency. The patches are designed separately for

different shapes like circle, pentagon, hexagon and octagon.

They are stacked in the manner as shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1. Variation in patch shape for dual stacked antenna geometry

T

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Dept. of ECE, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut Uttar Pradesh, India College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of

Dammam, Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of

Dammam, Saudi Arabia. JTO, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

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The lower patch is parasitic and the outer patch is coaxial feed,

the outer patch is parasitic and the outer patch is coaxial feed

and both the inner and outer patch is parasitic and the outer

patch is feed. All the designed patches have been stacked one

over the driven patch.

Fig.2. 3-Dimensional Geometry of stacked antenna for hexagon

Fig.3. Cross section view of antenna

3 DESIGN PARAMETERS

The various design parameters of the antenna areare as

follows: TABLE 1

DESIGNING SPECIFICATION OF ANNULAR RING MICROSTRIP

ANTENNA

The table has the values of Return Loss for different frequency points,from the table values it is quite clear that the antenna suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM/UMTS(1.9GHz&2.1GHz), WiFiandIEEE802.11std.(3.6GHz) for WLAN and Wi-Max and for ISM band(2.4/5.8 GHz). This shows that the proposed antenna has wide application range for commercial application.

4 SIMULATED RESULTS

The simulated results shows the graph between important parameters such as directivity, gain and efficiency w.r.t the frequency. Fig. 3. shows the curve drawn in between directivity and frequency and it is noticeable that average value of directivity stands at 5 dBi and approaches upto 13 dBi as max for antenna design having octagonal in shape.

Fig.3. Antenna Directivity Comparison curve with variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black) and Octagon (red) Similarly the other parameter such as gain is compared for all the design geometries of proposed antenna having variation in

Thickness of the dielectric substrate (h1=h2) 1.6 mm

Relative permittivity of the Dielectric substrate 2 4.5

Relative permittivity of the Dielectric substrate 1 2.2

Radius of upper patch (Driven Patch) 12.5 mm

Radius of lower patch(Parasitic Patch) 25.0 mm

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their geometrical shapes shown in Fig.4. The average value of gain is 5 dBi and on some frequency points it approaches upto 9.0 dBi. The value of gain for patch antenna as it is known remain found low, yet the gain of proposed antenna attains satisfactory value. Antenna efficiency w.r.t frequency variation curve is shown in Fig.5. It is clearly shown that the antenna

efficiency approaches upto 60% value in its respective frequency domain. Since all the four geometries of proposed antenna at variation in its geometrical shapes for multiband stacked antenna are analyzed on IE3D simulation software and in this regard a combined comparative graph is drawn in Fig.6 and its details are provided in tabular format in Table 2.

z

Fig.4. Antenna Gain vs. Frequency Comparison curve with variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black), Octagon(red)

Fig.5. Antenna Efficiency vs. Frequency Comparison curve: with, variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black) and Octagon(red)

Fig.6. Comparision curve (simulated) of S11(dB) for all the geometries of

dual arrowhead slotted antenna for variation in flair angle

Moreover from above discussion it is also noticeable that the proposed antenna pursues significant directivity from 5 dBi to 13 dBi (Fig.3) for wide range of frequency. Similarly Fig.4 depicts the curve of total gain vs. Frequency plot, as from the curve it is noteworthy that total gain approaches upto 9 dB values. The other important antenna parameters are efficiency of proposed antenna geometry from Fig.5 the curve illustrates antenna efficiency vs. frequency and from the curve it is notable that the antenna efficiency approaches 60% in this frequency range. The above values are quite promising for a good antenna design and the proposed antenna are well suited for wireless applications.

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TABLE 2

COMPARISON OF RETURN LOSS FOR ANTENNA HAVING VARIATION IN

SHAPES (CIRCLE, PENTAGON, HEXAGON AND OCTAGON)

Circular Pentagon Hexagon Octagon

Freq.

(GHz)

S11

(dB)

Freq.

(GHz)

S11

(dB)

Freq.

(GHz)

S11

(dB)

Freq.

(GHz)

S11

(dB)

8.69 -13.2 2.93 -9.6 2.88 -19.0 2.70 -18.9

9.12 -13.3 5.64 -18.7 3.72 -14.3 3.85 -12.2

9.60 -11.6 5.94 -19.6 5.11 -13.0 7.04 -14.0

7.38 -18.6 6.24 -10.5 8.12 -20.4

8.61 -17.7 8.52 -27.9 9.25 -22.5

9.10 -30.9 9.27 -10.0 9.39 -12.0

10.00 -23.0 9.50 -21.0 10.0 -22.5

9.81 -10.0

5 CONCLUSION

A multi band stacked microstrip antenna for wireless application has been proposed, constructed, and tested using Zeland software. The proposed antennas have simple geometry whose performances are studied by variation in their geometrical shapes (Circle, Penta, Hexa, and Octa). As the proposed antenna design provides adoptability of various frequencies ranging from 2.7 GHz upto 9.6 GHz and provides characteristics such as 75% radiation efficiency and highly permissible gain upto 9.0 dB directivity upto 13 dBi. These promising characteristic are found higher than earlier design traditional wireless antennas. The proposed antenna has good directional-radiation characteristics. Furthermore, this antenna has many advantages such as easy fabrication, low cost and compact in size. Therefore, it is found quite suitable for wireless/WLAN/ applications.

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Ishan Budhiraja did his B.Tech and M.Tech in Electronics and Communication form Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India and Mahrishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India in 2008 and 2012, respectively. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. Mohammad Aftab Alam Khan received his B.Tech (Electronics and Communication) from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India in 2005 and M.Tech (Electronics and Telecommunication) from J.R.N Rajisthan Vidyapeeth University, Rajasthan, India in 2009. He has worked as Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. He is currently working in College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. His research interest includes Wireless communication, Microstrip Antenna designing and Image Processing. Mehwash Farooqui did his B.Tech (Electronics and Communication) from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India in 2005 and M.Tech (Communication Engineering) from Shobhit University, Meerut with Gold medal in 2011. She has worked as Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. She is currently working in College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Her research area of interest is Digital Communication, Antenna Designing. Manoj kumar pal is correctly working as Junior Telecom Engineer, Meerut, India. He had worked as Assistant Professor at M.I.E.T Meerut. He is pursuing his Ph.D work in Fractal antenna design. He has published two textbooks on Digital electronics and automatic control system and many research papers on microstrip patch antenna design and biomedical signal processing.