MULTI-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY Antenna Co-Site … Mobile, Datang Mobile, Huawei, ZTE : Approved by / Date: ... -Support the FDD LTE co- site with 2 paths or 4paths -Dual-polar design for

next generation mobile networks

A Deliverable by the NGMN Alliance

MULTI-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGYAntenna Co-Site Solutions

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A Deliverable by the NGMN Alliance

MULTI-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY Antenna Co-Site Solutions

Version: 2.4 Final

Date: 31st August 2012

Document Type: Final Deliverable (approved)

Confidentiality Class: P - Public

Authorised Recipients: N/A Project: Multi Antenna Technology Editor / Submitter: Ma Xin, China Mobile Contributors: China Mobile, Datang Mobile, Huawei, ZTE Approved by / Date: Board – 31 August 2012

For all Confidential documents (CN, CL, CR): This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary to NGMN Ltd. The information may not be used, disclosed or reproduced without the prior written authorisation of NGMN Ltd., and those so authorised may only use this information for the purpose consistent with the authorisation. For Public documents (P): © 2012 Next Generation Mobile Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from NGMN Ltd.

The information contained in this document represents the current view held by NGMN Ltd. on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. This document is provided “as is” with no warranties whatsoever including any warranty of merchantability, non-infringement, or fitness for any particular purpose. All liability (including liability for infringement of any property rights) relating to the use of information in this document is disclaimed. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein. This document is distributed for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Readers should not design products based on this document.

NGMN P-MATE D1-COMPACT ANTENNA SOLUTIONS 2

Document Information

Editor in Charge Ma Xin(China Mobile)

Editing Team Yujiang Wu （Huawei）

Jianan Lee（ZTE）

Li Chuanjun（Datang Mobile）

Document status: FINAL

Version: 2.4

Date: August 31st, 2012

Abstract This deliverable is produced by the Next Generation Mobile Network Project MATE – Multi-ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY. This document provides the solutions of co-site antenna to reduce the antenna installation space and requirement for 2G/3G/4G. This deliverable will focus on the solutions on 2path and 8path co-site antenna. This document includes two main solutions: 2path antenna solutions which are based on the requirements of FDD/TDD/3G/GSM co-site;8path antenna solutions which are based on the requirements of FDD-TDD,TDD-TDD LTE and TDD LTE-3G co-site . The intention is to provide a specific, yet generic, description of co-site antenna features.


0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Co-site solution is a big issue for the operators’ network deployments. The document focuses on the co-site solutions from antenna side. Both 2 path solutions and 8 path solutions will be used in the future network when operators operate more than one generation of mobile telecommunication system. In fact most of them have both 2G and 3G network and will launch 4G soon and many of them have both TDD and FDD bands. The solutions in this document will be important references.


CONTENT

0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 5

2 BACKGROUND & REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 5

3 2 PATH ANTENNA CO-SITE SOLUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 BAND ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 ANTENNA KEY DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2.2 KEY PARAMETERS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Array layout ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

3.3 TDD/FDD CO-SITE SOLUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 10

4 8 PATH ANTENNA SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................................. 12

4.1 REQUIREMENT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 ANTENNA DESIGN: 65DEGREE ELEMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 14 4.3 ANTENNA DESIGN: ANTENNA INTEGRATED COMBINER ................................................................................................................ 18 4.4 ANTENNA DESIGN: INDEPENDENT RET ..................................................................................................................................... 19 4.5 TDD 3G/4G CO-SITE ............................................................................................................................................................ 19

4.5.1 Solutions ................................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.5.2 Simulation ................................................................................................................................................................. 21

4.6 TDD/FDD LTE CO-SITE ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 4.7 ANTENNA PRODUCTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 25

4.7.1 Side-by-side layout ................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.8 LAB TEST .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 4.9 KEY ANTENNA PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.10 TRIALS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 29

5 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 32


1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE The Multi-antenna Technology (MATE) project of NGMN, will share the information and experiences on antenna deployment and conclude some basic modes for reference for future 3G/LTE antenna deployment. The project will mainly focus on the multi antenna tech since it has been considered as the future trend for both TDD/FDD systems. This document provides the solutions of co-site antenna to reduce the difficulty of antenna deployment for information sharing. This deliverable will focus on the conclusion and summary of 2path/8path two basic co-site antenna modes from operators and vendors experience. . 2 BACKGROUND & REQUIREMENTS Operators will operate more and more networks including 2G/3G/4G. However, it is harder and harder to find enough antenna space for installation and deployment. Operators need new antenna solutions to co-site together to reduce the antenna amount and difficulty to deployment. Furthermore, a good solution will benefit all systems and also reduce the cost for maintenance. For the multi-antenna solutions considering the requirements from TDD/FDD LTE system, there are 2 main requirements: First, co-site requirement of 2-path antenna. 2-path antenna has been widely used in GSM/3G/FDD-LTE, also will be used in TD-LTE in some scenarios. The basic features including: -super wideband: cover 2G/3G/4G band -Dual-polar design -Cover the parameter requirements from 2G/3G/4G, such as PIM Second, co-site requirement of 8-path antenna. 8-path antenna has been widely used in 3 G/TD-LTE systems. We will also consider the future 4-path antenna application in FDD LTE. The basic features including: -Wideband: cover 3G/4G, and 2G in the future -Support the FDD LTE co-site with 2 paths or 4paths -Dual-polar design for both systems 3 2 PATH ANTENNA CO-SITE SOLUTIONS

3.1 BAND

In recent co-site solution is becoming more and more popular with the development of mobile communication. Implementation of co-site solution can be classified in three types roughly, which are dual/triple band combiner, same band combiner and multi-band antenna respectively. Because multi-band antenna can achieve independent RET easily, it becomes the mainstream. According to analysis of 3GPP band and deployment of existing network there are several common band combinations shown in Table 3.1. For example, combination 1 chooses the above 5 bands for co-site solution. Other combinations are achieved by deleting according band.

Table 3.1 Common band combination for co-site solution Common Bands 790-862 880-960 1710-1880 1920-2170 2490-2690 Combination1 √ √ √ √ √ Combination 2 √ √ √ √ Combination 3 √ √ Combination 4 √ √ Combination 5 √ √ Combination6 √ √ Combination 7 √ √ Combination 8 √ √


3.2 ANTENNA KEY DESIGN

3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

To achieve system performance several antenna requirements should be ensured 1. Independent RET 2. System isolation is more than 30dB 3. Better reliability 4. Moderate antenna size With the help of independent RET, co-site system can be optimized respectively. With the help of high system isolation interference between two systems can be suppressed in high power level. Reliability is a basic feature in antenna survival. The performance of all system will be impacted in the co-site solution when some part of the antenna works abnormally. Thereby co-site applications make antenna design facing more challenge not only in total size.

3.2.2 KEY PARAMETERS

Antenna for co-site solution should satisfy not only common antenna parameters requirements but also the requirements for co-site application . These paremeters are shown as below. 1. VSWR 2. Isolation (inter-ISO, intra-ISO) 3. PIM 4. Power-handling VSWR and ISO are key parameters for common antenna and will not be discussed here. Inter-ISO and PIM should be paid more attention, for example, in some bands combination PIM 2 should be considered other than PIM 3. PIM analysis is suggested to do before total design and measurement to ensure the antenna can operate normally in co-site application. For better understanding, analysis of PIM 3 ~ PIM 11 is shown as below. TX/RX band information should be collected first, which is listed in table 3.2

Table 3.2 Common band combination for TX/RX

Mode TX（MHz） RX（MHz）

Band 20 DD800 791 –821 832 –862

Band 8 E GSM900 925 - 960 880 - 915

Band 3 DSC1800 1 805 -1 880 1 710 - 1 785

Band 1 UMTS Band I 2 110 - 2 170 1 920 - 1 980

Band 7 FDD 2.6G 2620 –2690 2500 –2570

First, for 1710 MHz~2690 MHz wide-band antenna which combines UMTS band1, DCS 1800, FDD 2.6G PIMs for TX are listed as below

Table 3.3 PIM analysis for UMTS Band 1, DCS 1800 and FDD 2.6G DSC1800 UMTS Band I FDD 2.6G

Lower boundary

Higher boundary

Lower boundary

Higher boundary

Lower boundary

Higher boundary

TX 1805 1880 2110 2170 2620 2690 RX 1710 1785 1920 1980 2500 2570


PIM3 / 1730 1955 2050 2230 2550 2760 2700

PIM5 1710 1655 2030 1990 2290 2480 / 2700

PIM7 1710 1580 2105 1930 2350 2410 / 2700

PIM9 1710 1505 2180 1870 2410 2340 / 2700

PIM11

1710 1430 2255 1810 2470 2270 / 2700

For easy understanding, spectrum distribution of impact of PIM for RX are listed as below

Figure 3.1 Analysis of PIM generated by DCS 1800

(Note:magnitude of Y axis does not mean the PIM level.)

Figure 3.2 Analysis of PIM generated by UMTS 1

Figure 3.3 Analysis of PIM generated by 2.6G

RX of DCS1800 TX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G

PIM3 PIM5 PIM7 PIM9 PIM11

RX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I TX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G

RX of DCS1800 RX of UMTS Band I RX of FDD2.6G TX of FDD2.6G




From these figures we know that PIM generated by DCS 1800 begins to impact others from 3rd inter-modulation.,. Only PIM 7 should be measured for UMTS Band 1. As similar analysis only PIM 3 should be measured for Band VII. Generally magnitude of product of PIM 3 is much higher than that of PIM 7, thus only PIM 3 will be tested by most vendors. Secondly, for 790 MHz~960 0 MHZMHz wide-band antenna which combines DD 800 and E-GSM 900 PIMs for TX are listed as below.

Table 3.4 PIM analysis for DD800, E-GSM900 DD800 E-GSM900 Lower boundary Higher boundary Lower boundary Higher boundary

TX 792 822 925 960 RX 832 862 880 915

PIM3 762 790 852 890 995

960 PIM5 790 882 855 960 PIM7 790 912 820 960 PIM9 790 942 790 785 960

PIM11 790 972 960 790 750 960

Figure 3.4 and 3.5 show spectrum distribution of PIM for

Figure 3.4 Analysis of PIM from DD 800 to E-GSM 900

Figure 3.5 Analysis of PIM from E-GSM 900 to DD 800

From these figures we can see that PIM coming from DD 800 and E-GSM 900 all begin from 3rd inter modulation. PIM 3 and PIM 5 impact DD 800 and E-GSM 900. So higher order inter modulation should be added in measurement other than PIM 3. Normally only PIM 3 will be tested due to the higher magnitude than that of PIM 7.

TX of DD800 RX of DD800 RX of E-GSM900

RX of DD800 RX of E-GSM900 TX of E-GSM900




3.2.3 Array layout

To achieve desired system performance, array layout of antenna for co-site solution should be treated carefully. Side-by-side, Co-axial and Side-by-side with co-axial are usual choice. When compact size is most need, radiator element level sharing (RELS) is another good choice in array design.

Co-axial Side-by-side Side-by-side with co-axial

Figure 3.6 Array layout Co-axial layout is more suitable for the application where frequencies are far away from each other in spectrum. It can achieve good radiation pattern and realize compact size, but impact between low and high frequency unit is somewhat serious that good electrical specifications are difficult to achieve. Side-by-side layout can reduce impact between units, but direction of pattern and symmetry deteriorate for asymmetric reflector and width of total antenna is wider. Radiator element level sharing (RELS) is new solution, which is based on combiner（PCB or cavity designing） cascade with feeding network. The antenna size for this layout keeps the same, performance of different bands is similar, and downtilt angle optimization can be done independently). However, reliability of the antenna challenges more when a large number of combiners are arranged.


Figure 3.7 Sharing element layout

3.3 TDD/FDD CO-SITE SOLUTION

When bandwidth of antenna can cover TDD and FDD band at the same time, co-site solution can be applied. For a antenna array which bandwidth is 1.71G~2.69G, we can choose suitable band from Band 33 to Band 40 to combine with FDD band. Though PIM is not considered in TDD system, it should be key parameter in co-site solution because PIM from TDD may fall in the RX band of FDD. Using principle of section 3.2.2 PIM analysis can be done for Band 1/Band 40 and Band 7/Band 40. PIM 9 or PIM 3 of Band 40 should be considered in this condition. To demonstrate the architecture of this solution clearly, we analyse the combination of Band 7 and Band 40. This array can be designed to cover 2.3G~2.7G. Using the technique of sharing element mentioned in section 3.2.3, TDD/FDD co-site can be achieved. Figure 3.7 shows the architecture of this antenna array. Duplexers are set behind the antenna element. TDD and FDD paths use different feeding network. In this architecture PIM of element is a challenge because of the lack of analysis and improved technique. N connector is widely used in TDD system. When this connector is used in co-site solution, we suggest that plating or alloy treatment should be employed to improve PIM. Besides antenna PIM we should also pay the same attention to PIM in link.

Table 3.5 PIM for Band 1/Band 40 and Band 7/Bands 40

Mode TX（MHz） RX（MHz）

E-UTRA Band 1 UMTS Band 1 2110 –2170 1920 –1980

E-UTRA Band 7 2620 –2690 2500 –2570 E-UTRA Band 40

TD-SCDMA-E 2300 –2400 2300 –2400


Figure 3.8 Analysis of PIM from Band 40 to Band 1

Figure 3.9 Analysis of PIM from Band 40 to Band 7

Typical spec for a wideband antenna（2300-2700 MHz） including Band 40 and Band 7 Frequency range (MHz) 2300-2400 2500-2690

Polarization(°) ±45°

Tilt

Gain(±0.5dB)

0 5 10 0 5 10

17.3 17.2 16.8 17.4 17.3 17.0

3dB beamwidth

(horizontal) (±4°) 68 65

10dB beamwidth

(horizontal) (±10°)

(reference) 132 127

Variable Electrical Downtilt Range 0～10° 3dB Beamwidth

(vertical) 7.5°±0.5° 7°±0.5°

Front to back ratio, copolar

(180°±30°) (dB) >=26,Typ.30

Front to back ratio, cross-polar) (180°±30°) (dB) >=24,Typ.26

Sidelobe suppression for first sidelobe above

vertical (dB), Typ.

0 5 10 0 5 10

17 16 16 17 16 15

Sidelobe suppression（within 30°–150° sector >9dB

Typ. 12

RX of Band1 TX/RX of Band40

TX/RX of Band40 RX of Band7




above vertical）

Cross Pole Discrimination (dB) >=18dB @ 0度

Typ. 10dB @ 10dB Intermodulation (dBc) (2X20W Carriers) > ＝150dBc（PIM3）

Max. CW power per input (W) 250 (at 50 °C ambient temperature)

Isolation Between Ports (dB) >=30

VSWR <=1.4:1

Impedance(Ω) 50 Vertical Beam Squint Across Downtilt Range(°) <= 0.5

4 8 PATH ANTENNA SOLUTIONS The 4 columns 8 antenna elements dual polarized smart antenna is referred to 8 path smart antenna or dual polarized smart antenna. Dual polarized smart antenna technology is also termed as beamforming, exploits knowledge of channel information at transmitter. It utilizes the channel information to build the beamforming matrices as pre-filters at transmitter to achieve link gain and capacity gain. When evolving to TD-LTE, dual polarized smart antenna can be used to substantially to improve the TD-LTE system performance by leveraging the “spatial” characteristics of the wireless channel. Dual polarized smart antenna with the single-antenna port (port 5) can improve the power efficiency, and Dual polarized smart antenna with dual layer transmission (port 7 & port 8) can increase the effective date rate. So the dual polarized smart antenna is best choice for TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE. At the same time, when evolving to TD-LTE, many operators find it difficult to obtain new sites for TD-LTE base stations. Likewise, due to restrictions from authorities, zoning regulations, or concerns regarding RF exposure, it is often difficult to add antennas to existing sites. However, co-site solutions enable operators to reuse existing equipment. The co-site solutions is used to signify the sharing of equipment between different systems at a given site, for example, the antenna, system, power and battery backup system, transmission, cooling, and shelters. This article solely discusses the co-site of antenna system for TD-LTE and TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum, TD-SCDMA, TD-LTE and GSM, TD-LTE and TD-LTE-A.

4.1 REQUIREMENT

TD-LTE system is being rolled out in some global operators’ network. Furthermore, TD-LTE has raised a great interest to more and more operators in the world. TD-LTE networks have being or will being rolled out by operators who own GSM network or LTE FDD network simultaneously. It means that operators need co-site solutions for GSM 900/GSM1800, TD-SCDMA (1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz), TD-LTE (2500-2690 MHz)/ TD-LTE-A in network deployment. In the text that follows, we take an investigation in co-site solutions of antenna system for

- TD-LTE and TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum - TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA - TD-LTE and GSM - TD-LTE and FDD-LTE - TD-LTE and TDD-LTE-A

Depending on the requirements, there is a way of co-site antenna systems solution for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA. The simplest method is to share antenna for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA, replacing existing TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz dual-polarized smart antenna with 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690MHz dual-polarized smart antenna. China mobile received the 2500-2690 MHz spectrum for TD-LTE, which necessitated smart antenna co-site solutions for TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE. So, the China mobile developed 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690 MHz dual-polarized


smart antenna which is referred to smart antenna. The smart antenna can be used to share the TD-SCDMA with new TD-LTE system. Three co-site solutions of antenna system for TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA or TD-LTE/TD-LTE are

1. smart antenna sharing solution : smart antenna, filter combiner 2. smart antenna sharing solution: smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-

Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC) 3. smart antenna sharing solution : independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner

and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC) The solution 1 shares smart antenna by filter combiner. Figure 4.1 shows smart antenna sharing solution 1. In this solution, after replacing existing TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna with smart antenna, we should add filter combiner and TD-LTE RRU to existing sites. We can find it is difficult to add filter combiner and TD-LTE RRU to existing sites. In this case, in order to solve difficulty in the installation of filter combiner, we develop smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC). Existing TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna is replaced with smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC), this solution is called smart antenna sharing solution 2, and is shown as Figure 4.2. Since the antenna down-tilt angle and antenna direction is the same for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA system in smart antenna solution 1 and solution 2, the antenna down-tilt angle can’t be adjusted independently which will affects the cell planning. So the smart antenna sharing solution 3 is designed, and FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC) is used in smart antenna sharing solution 3, and is shown in Figure4.3.The down-tilt angle of TD-LTE and the down-tilt angle of TD-SCDMA can be adjusted independently from 2 degree to 12 degree. This three smart antenna sharing solutions are also be used in co-site solutions of antenna system for TD-LTE and TD-LTE with different frequency spectrum. For example, the frequency range of first TD-LTE system is 1880-1920/2010-2025, and the frequency range of another TD-LTE system is 2500-2690 MHz. The three type smart antenna will be introduced in the following section.

1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8

d

-

cal

filter combiner

FAD smart antenna

TD-LTE BBU

Power Cable Optical fiber

TD-SCDMA(or TD-LTE) BBU

TD-SCDMA(or TD-LTE) RRU

TD-LTE RRU

Figure 4.1 smart antenna sharing solution 1


d

-

filter combiner

FAD smart antenna Integrated with

filter combiner and (MCIC)

TD-LTE RRU

TD-LTE BBU




MCIC Interface

Multi-Coaxial Incorporative

Cable(MCIC)


-

FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner

and (MCIC)

TD-LTE RRU

TD-LTE BBU




MCIC Interface

Multi-Coaxial Incorporative

Cable(MCIC)

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

d

FC is filter combiner


So independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC) solution is an attractive choice for TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA co-site.

4.2 ANTENNA DESIGN: 65DEGREE ELEMENTS

Since the element beam width in 2500 – 2690 MHz frequency range is 65±15 degree, FAD smart antenna is referred to 65 degree element beam smart antenna. Figure 4-4 shows schematic diagram of 4 columns 8 antenna elements dual polarized smart antenna. The 4 columns 045± polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at a

distance of d . Antenna elements 1,2,3,4 are 045+ polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are 045− polarized.


1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8

d

cal

Figure 4.4 schematic diagram of 4 columns 8 antenna elements dual polarized smart antenna (such as FAD frequency smart antenna)

Currently for TD-SCDMA, the frequency range of dual-polarized smart antenna is 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz. So, its upper frequency Uf is 2025 MHz and its lower frequency Lf is 1880 MHz. The percentage of bandwidth is calculated

as follows:

( )

( ) %43.7%2/

100 bandwidth of percentage =+

−=

LU

LU

ffff

The column spacing for TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna at the range of 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz is designed as 75mm, so the column spacing Ld at lower frequency Lf is Lλ47.0 in wavelength, and its column

spacing Ud at upper frequency Uf is Uλ5062.0 in wavelength.

Since the column spacing is an significant parameter for design of the dual polarized smart antenna, and a percentage

of bandwidth %43.7 is very low percentage of bandwidth for dual polarized smart antenna design, so it is easy to design this column spacing for such a low percentage of bandwidth. But as the percentage of bandwidth increases, the design of column spacing will become difficult. For example, when the frequency range of FAD smart antenna is 1880-1920/2010-2025/2500-2690 MHz, its upper

frequency Uf is 2690 MHz and its lower frequency Lf is 1880 MHz. In this case, the percentage of bandwidth is calculated as follows:

( )

( ) %45.35%2/

100 bandwidth of percentage =+

−=

LU

LU

ffff

A percentage of bandwidth %45.35 is very wide bandwidth parameter. And it has a strong relationship with column spacing design. Typically, in multiple columns smart antenna application, the column spacing is approximately λ5.0

orfc5.0 . The choice of frequency f is very important to smart antenna performance. If we choose the Uff = ,

UUd λ5.0=

LLU

LL

LUL f

fcfdd λλλ 3494.05.0

===

So in this case, the column spacing Ld at lower frequency Lf is Lλ3494.0 in wavelength, when its column spacing

Ud at upper frequency Uf is Uλ5.0 in wavelength. Since column spacing of Lλ3494.0 will lead mutual coupling


between columns to increase and the increased mutual coupling will lead to element beam broadened, and then

eventually lead to element gain decreased. So the physical column spacing Ufc5.0 is not suitable.

When the physical column spacing of FAD smart antenna is designed as 75mm, the column spacing at lower frequency Lf in wavelength is Lλ47.0 , and its column spacing at upper frequency Uf in wavelength is Uλ6725.0 .

The physical column spacing of FAD smart antenna is same with the column spacing of TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz The performance of FAD smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz is close to performance of TD-SCDMA dual-polarized smart antenna in 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz. And the performance of FAD smart antenna in 2500-2690 MHz can meet the requirement of TD-LTE system. The detail performance parameters of FAD smart antenna are defined as:

Table 4.1 Parameters of FAD smart antenna (example)

Number Category Parameter Value

1 Frequency Parameter Freqency Range（MHz） 1880-1920（F）/2010-2025（A）

/2500-2690（D）

2 Structure Parameter

Path Number 8

2 Array Type linear array 3 Polarization Type ±45° 4 Column Number 4 5 Column Spacing（mm） 75 6

Circuit Parameter

Electrical downtilt （°） 6 7 Electrical downtilt Accuracy（°） ±1 8 Input impedance（ohm） 50 9 Antenna Port VSWR ≤1.5

10 Isolation between same polarization ports(dB) ≥25

11 Isolation between cross-polarization ports(dB) ≥28

12 Maximum input power （W） ≥50

13

Calibration Parameter

Transmission loss from antenna element port to calibration port (dB) -26±2

14 Difference in transmission coefficient

between any 2 antenna element port to calibration port in magnitude(dB)

≤0.5

15 Difference in transmission coefficient

between any 2 antenna element port to calibration port in phase(deg)

≤5

16 Calibraion port VSWR ≤1.5 17 Calibration port directional coupler (dB) ≥15

18 Active return loss

Active return loss of antenna element(Relative to 50 ohms

）（dB） ≤-10

19 Vertical beam

Vertical half-power beam width（°） ≥7/≥6.5/≥5

20 Upper side suppression(USLS)（dB）（dB） ≤-16

21 Lower Null Fill（dB）（dB） ≥-22 22 Element beam

Gain（dBi） ≥14.5/≥15/≥16.5

23 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） 100±15/90±15/65±15


24

Horizontal gain attenuation at ±60°（dB） -/-/-12±3

25 Horizontal FBR（dB）＞23

26 Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization ratio（on Axis）（dB） ≥15

27 Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization ratio（In range of ±60degree）（dB） ≥10

28

65 degree broadcast beam

Gain（dBi）[note 1] ≥14.5/≥15/≥15

29 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） 65±5

30 Horizontal gain attenuation at ±60°（dB） -12±3

31 Horizontal FBR（dB）＞28

32 Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization ratio（on Axis）（dB） ≥15

33 Horizontal pattern Cross-polarization ratio（In range of ±60degree）（dB） ≥10

34 Ripple in range of Horizontal half-power beam width（dB） ≤2

35 0 degree scan beam

Gain（dBi） ≥20.5/≥21/≥22.5

36 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） ≤30/≤28/≤25 37 Horizontal FBR（dB）＞28 38 Horizontal side lobe level（dB） ≤-12

39 Difference of right and left Horizontal side lobe level（dB）（dB） ≤2

40 Lightning protection Lightning protection DC Ground

41 Mechanical parameter

Connector Number 8 antenna connector + 1 calibration connector

42 Connector Type N-50K 43 Connector position Bottom

44 Mechanical adjustment

Mechanical tilt (°) 0~+10

45 Mounting hardware (mm) 50~115

note 1 including：+ power divider loss - power loss due to weight amplitude(dB)


4.3 ANTENNA DESIGN: ANTENNA INTEGRATED COMBINER

In order to solve the difficulty in the installation of filter combiner, we develop FAD smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC). And it is referred to FA/D combined smart antenna. Figure 4.5 shows the schematic diagram of FA/D combined smart antenna.

d

-

filter combiner

FAD smart antenna Integrated with

filter combiner and (MCIC)

MCIC Interface

Figure 4.5 schematic diagram of FAD smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner

and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC). One (1) filter combiner, and 4 MCIC interface are integrated to smart antenna. The physical column spacing of FA/D combined smart antenna is 75mm, and 4 columns 045± polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at

a distance of 75mm, Antenna elements 1,2,3,4 are 045+ polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are 045− polarized. Antenna 1-8 port and calibration port are connected to combined port of filter combiner.

filter combiner

MCIC Interface

FC FC FC FC FC FC FC FC

1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8cal

FC

Combined port

2 path filter combiner

5- coaxial MCIC for 2500-2690MHz

5- coaxial MCIC for 1880-1920/2010-

2025MHz


2025MHz


Figure 4.6 schematic diagram of filter combiner and MCIC interface

Figure 4-6 shows schematic diagram of filter combiner and MCIC interface. This filter combiner is composed of 9 two path filter combiner. Every little 2 path filter combiner has two filter branches connected to a common combined port. One filter branch is designed to 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz; another filter branch is designed to support the range of 2500-2690 MHz. The little 2 path filter combiner enables signals from each filter branch to be combined on the common combined port and avoid signals from one filter branch leaking into another filter branch. The little filter combiner also allows a combined signal that has been inserted the common combined port to be separated into its components on the separated filter branches. The general characteristics of filter combiners are low loss and excellent isolation between branches.


The MCIC interface is used in FA/D combined smart antenna design, 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz system. Meanwhile, another 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-LTE 2500-2690 MHz system.

4.4 ANTENNA DESIGN: INDEPENDENT RET

In order to solve the difficulty in cell planning for FA/D combined smart antenna , we develop FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna Integrated with filter combiner and Multi-Coaxial Incorporative Cable Interface (MCIC).which is referred to FA/D independent electrical tilt smart antenna. Figure 4.7 shows schematic diagram of FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna.

-

FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart

antenna Integrated with filter combiner and

(MCIC)

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

Phase

Shifter

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

FC

d

FC is 2 path filter combiner


2025MHz


2025MHz



Figure 4.7 schematic diagram of FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna

Integrated with filter combiner and MCIC The physical column spacing for FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna is 75mm, and 4 columns

045± polarized antennas are vertically oriented, and are spaced at a distance 75mm,.Antenna elements 1,2,3,4 are 045+ polarized, and antenna elements 5,6,7,8 are 045− polarized. Each polarized (-45 or +45) dipole is integrated

with 2 path filter combiner. Each polarized (-45 or +45) dipole is connected to the common combined port of 2 path filter combiner. The two filter branches of 2 path filter combiner are independent connect to the FA (1880-1920/2010-2025) phase shifter and D (2500-2690 MHz) phase shifter. The MCIC interface is used in FA/D independent Electrical Tilt smart antenna design, 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-SCDMA 1880-1920/2010-2025 MHz system, and they are connected to the FA phase shifter. Meanwhile, another 1 5- coaxial MCIC connector and 1 4-coaxial MCIC connector are designed for TD-LTE 2500-2690 MHz system, and they are connected to the D phase shifter.

4.5 TDD 3G/4G CO-SITE

In recent years, CMCC has been preparing to deploy a 4G TD-LTE network. There will be many challenges and opportunities to deploy 3G\4G co-site networks. In China, the TD-SCDMA network based on BMA antenna has arranged more than 13,700 pcs (estimated value), running for more than 2 years, and come out good results after stood on sun, wind, rain, salt spray, high and low temperature and other environmental challenges outside the field. These huge resources push CMCC to offer better antenna solutions to resolve this big challenge.


4.5.1 Solutions

For 3G\4G co-site deployment, TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA co-antenna should be required in most scenarios. However, it is not easy to find sufficient antenna resources for 4G deployment. Fortunately, there are many benefits to deploy 3G\4G co-location networks:

Co-location deployment is convenient for unified capacity and coverage planning.

Saves TCO (by sharing of site, peripherals, BBU, CN, etc).

Easy for engineering and maintenance

Easy for co-antenna as 3G TD-SCDMA also adopts 8-path antennas Before 4G deployment, 3G TD-SCDMA wireless networks have been built in A band (2010-2025 MHz) and F band (1880-1920 MHz). D band (2570-2620 MHz) TD-LTE is introduced for outdoor co-site deployment. Here are two solutions for TDD 3G/4G co- antenna: (1) One is FAD Antenna solution with a built-in combiner. In this solution, the combiner is built in the antenna. (2) The other is Band D RRU solution with a built-in combiner. In this solution, the combiner is out of the antenna, and built in the RRU. There are two kinds of TD-LTE co-antenna options, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 4.1 TD-LTE co-antenna options

Both solutions have pros and cons. In the early stage, we adopt the built-in RRU combiner solution. However, as the antenna technology becomes more and more mature, the built-in antenna combiner solution is more attractive and all of antenna vendors claim that they can fully support this technology. Due to easy maintenance, when one RRU is under maintenance, the services on other RRUs can still run normally without any interruption.


Table 4-1 Pros and Cons Between Two Co-antenna Solutions

Band D RRU With a

Built-in Combiner

FAD Antenna With a

Built-in combiner Comparison Conclusion

Volume/Weight

Volume: increases by

1.5L~2.5L;

Weight: increases 1.5-2.5

kg

Volume: increases by

1.5L~2.5L;

Weight: increases by

1.5~2.5 kg

Same

Cost Increases 400-500 RMB Increases 400-500 RMB Same

Reliability Little effect on BS reliability Little effect on BS reliability Same

Maintenance

High coupling;

Maintenance of Band D

RRUs will affect Band AF

RRUs.

Low coupling;

Maintenance of any RRU

will not affect others.

The second one makes

operation and maintenance

more convenient and

reduces downtime.

Product

Support

RRUs need to be tailored,

which goes against the

commonality of TD-LTE

products.

Supported by antenna

vendors;

No impact on TD-LTE

globalization

The second solution will not

impact TD-LTE

globalization.

In a word, we recommend the built-in antenna combiner solution.

4.5.2 Simulation

Many infrastructure vendors have carried out simulation tests in 3G/4G co-site scenarios, and the test results show good performance and compliance with the real field test. Our simulation is shown as follows. RSRP and CINR in one cell represent the coverage performance. That is, in one cell, we may receive different signal quality in different points. CINR will show different signal quality you may get from a near point to a far point according to the location of the base station. Throughput shows the capacity performance in one cell, including average spectral efficiency and edge spectral efficiency. As shown in the following tables, the performance including RSRP, CINR distribution shows that the results are quite normal and similar to the independent antenna simulation result. And the throughput with co-antenna solution is just around the normal average throughput value, with little affected. In a word, there is little difference in capacity and coverage performance whether co-antenna or non co-antenna solution is adopted.

Table 4-2 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result - RSRP


Value X < -110 20.81%

-110 <= X < -105 25.86% -105 <= X < -100 23.16% -100 <= X < -95 6.19%

-95 <= X << +INF 23.14%

Table 4-3 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result -CINR

Value -INF << X < -2 24.24%

-2 <= X < 0 24.13% 0 <= X < 5 37.40%

5 <= X < 10 11.94% 10 <= X < 15 1.35%

15 <= X << +INF 0.21%

Table 4-4 TDD 3G/4G Co-site Simulation Result -Throughput

LOAD=50% UL\DL Average Throughput (Mbps) Edge Throughput (Mbps)

DL 7.85106 0.455112 UL 2.40136 0.14072

Here are some co-antenna scenarios. Take TD-SCDMA/TD-LTE co-antenna for example. The results include 3 different scenarios:

(1) Optimized for TDS

(2) Optimized for TDL

(3) Trade-off between TDL and TDS There are some antenna parameters to be optimized for TD-LTE or TD-SCDMA coverage and capacity, including down tilt angle, transmit power, heights of antenna, etc.The results are shown in the following tables.

Table 4-5 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -CINR

Value Optimized for TD-L

Optimized for TD-S

Trade-off

-INF << X < -2 12.45% 15.39% 13.03% -2 <= X < 0 13.83% 17.21% 14.94% 0 <= X < 5 32.24% 34.98% 34.50% 5 <= X < 10 22.48% 20.55% 22.51% 10 <= X < 15 13.28% 8.75% 11.20% 15 <= X << +INF 5.72% 3.12% 3.82%


Table 4-6 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -RSRP

Value Optimized for TD-L

Optimized for TD-S

Trade-off

-INF << X < -110 23.43% 25.45% 24.64% -110 <= X < -105 14.41% 14.74% 15.34% -105 <= X < -100 12.81% 11.94% 12.47% -100 <= X < -95 8.37% 6.54% 6.49% -95 <= X << +INF 38.91% 39.19% 39.37%

Table 4-7 TDD 3G/4G Co-site in Different Scenarios -Throughput

DL SE DL DL ESE DL Edge Throughp

ut

UL SE UL UL ESE UL Edge Throughp

ut Optimized for TD-L 1.53974 16.62919 0.06182 0.66766 0.6769 5.415 0.02738 0.21904 Optimized for TD-S 0.97065 10.48302 0.0325 0.351 0.3314 2.651 0.01235 0.0988 compromised 1.43146 15.45977 0.05275 0.5697 0.60494 4.84 0.02238 0.17904

The tables above show CINR and RSRP values in different scenarios in the case of TDD 3G/4G Co-site. From the tables, we can find that when performance is optimized according to both TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA, a little bit of the performance of RSRP and CINR is compromised, not so good as that of the optimized according to only TD-LTE, but not much, just a little affected in coverage performance. From the throughput test results, we can see that both of DL\UL throughput is decreased for TD-LTE, but the performance decreased a little bit, which can be accepted. In summary, the co-antenna solution for 3G\4G is quite attractive to most operators, and we strongly recommand it.

4.6 TDD/FDD LTE CO-SITE

TDD/FDD co-site solution can reduce the cost of base station deployment, achieve smooth evolution of multi-system. It is a trend of future mobile communication. Though traditional base station antennas have developed maturely, antenna for co-site solution will still face many challenges, which come from combiner, PIM, independent RET, power handing control and so on. TDD/FDD working frequency bands should not be overlapped for co-site solution because it can make signal distortion. Frequency intervals for TDD and FDD are suggested to be large enough for the convenient of designing of combiner. Because working frequencies of TDD and FDD are different, there are more combinations of 3rd order intermodulation. More effect will be paid with the increasing of PIM level. Because diversity of TDD and FDD customers in the same sector is different, it is different for when and how to optimize the antenna. So co-site solution should provide independent RET. For the similar reason, power handling should be designed separately. There are three types of dual-polarized smart antenna for TDD/FDD co-site solution, which are shown as below. Solution 1 is path shared design, in which 2 paths of 8-path dual-polarized smart antenna of TDD at the side will be shared for FDD. There are two designs to share TDD path. One is to share the two polarization paths in the same column at the edge of antenna array, as shown in solution 1A. The other is to share two interleaved polarization paths of two adjacent columns, as shown in solution 1B. Solution 1B can be extended easily to share four paths of four columns, in each one interleaved polarization is selected. There should be noted that the radiation pattern control of the edge column faces more chandelles due to the effects of mutual coupling. Solution 2 is side-by-side design, in which one column of dual-polarized antenna will be added to the side of the TDD antenna. Relatively independent design can be implemented, comparing with solution 1. So good electrical specification can be achieve with moderate antenna size. Solution 2 is a good compromise between antenna size and


electrical specification. It should be noted that co-axial layout with large frequency interval, such as 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, is not suitable for this solution because wide dimension will increase conspicuously. Solution 3 is stacked design, in which dual band dual-polarized antenna for 800/900 MHz and 1800/2100 MHz will be added to the top of the TDD antenna. Because isolation of stacked layout in longitude dimension is better than that of side-by-side solution, implementation of solution 3 is the easiest among these solutions. But there is the least convenience for large size.

Solution 1A Solution 1B

Solution 2 Solution 3

Figure 4.9 Array layout of 8 path antenna for co-site solution i. Collusion

Solution 1A Solution 1B Solution 2 Solution 3 Frequency expedition

Easy, not support low band

Easy, not support low band

Easy, not recommend for low frequency

Easy

Electrical specification

difficult difficult moderate easy

Beam control hard hard Easy Easy Mutual coupling Great Great General Less Size Compact Compact Moderate Extraordinary long


4.7 ANTENNA PRODUCTS

4.7.1 Side-by-side layout

Here is datasheet of an example of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Figure 4.10 Port definition of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Table 4.9 Basic information of TD/GSM dual band antenna

Frequency (MHz) TD: 1880~1920/2010~2025/2300~2400 GSM: 824~960/1710~2170

Pre-set downtilt TD: 6° GSM: 0~15°/0~8° Polarization ±45° Number of units in column TD (2×4)+GSM(2×2) Distance of unit (mm) 65 Distance between adjacent ports (mm) ≥50 Range of mechanical downtilt -5°~+10° Size of antenna (mm) 1400×550×145 Size of package (mm) 1440×650×250 Weight of antenna (Kg) 22 Weight of Package (Kg) 4 Weight of antenna with package (Kg) 29 Here is datasheet of TD/GSM antenna

Figure 4.11 Port definition of TD/GSM antenna

Table 4.10 Basic information of TD/GSM antenna

Frequency (MHz) TD: 1880~1920/2010~2025/2300~2400 GSM: 1710~2170

Pre-set downtilt TD: 6° GSM: 2~12° Polarization ±45° Number of units in column TD (2×4)+GSM(2×1) Distance of unit (mm) 65 Distance between adjacent ports (mm) ≥50 Range of mechanical downtilt -5°~+10° Size of antenna (mm) 1400×550×145 Size of package (mm) 1440×650×250 Weight of antenna (Kg) 22


Weight of Package (Kg) 4 Weight of antenna with package (Kg) 29

4.8 LAB TEST

The Measurements of above antenna are listed as below. Table 4.11 to 4.13 is for TD/GSM dual band antenna, and Table 4.14 to 4.16 is for TD/GSM antenna.

Table 4.11 Isolation of TD antenna (dB) Same polarization Different polarization Iso (dB)

F (MHz) S12 S23 S34 S56 S67 S78 S15 S26 S37 S48 1880 -38.6 -42.9 -36.7 -47.8 -39.8 -52.5 -30.7 -32.2 -33.9 -36.8 1900 -42.5 -44 -42.4 -43.6 -38.4 -50.1 -29.3 -30.8 -30.0 -33.3 1920 -42.0 -46.7 -48.7 -44.3 -39.5 -44.1 -31.7 -32.5 -31.4 -33.1 2010 -42.7 -34.8 -42.5 -36.3 -42.4 -39.8 -30.8 -30.3 -28.8 -29.9 2018 -44.5 -35 -42 -36.9 -42.7 -39.5 -31.7 -30.2 -28.8 -29.5 2025 -47.2 -35.4 -41.5 -37.3 -43.4 -39.4 -37.9 -30.2 -28.6 -29.9 2300 -40.7 -47.8 -41.3 -50.0 -41.6 -45 -36.0 -33.2 -35.6 -34.4 2350 -43.3 -45.5 -43.5 -45.4 -49 -45.2 -30.9 -33.9 -32.3 -32.5 2400 -40.3 -47.7 -44.2 -45.6 -46.3 -42.8 -36.7 -38.7 -40.5 -36.8

Table 4.12 Isolation of GSM antenna

Downtilt (deg) Frequency (MHz) Iso (dB) T 0 824~960 -32.8 T 5 824~960 -32.0 T10 824~960 -33.6 T15 824~960 -39.2 T 0 1710~2170 -37.4 T 4 1710~2170 -32.8 T 8 1710~2170 -37.9

Table 4.13 Isolation of TD and GSM antenna for port 4 (dB)

Same polarization Different polarization Iso (dB)

F (MHz) 824~960 1710~2170 824~960 1710~2170 1880 36.7 38.4 35.9 36.8 1900 36.5 37.4 36.4 37.4 1920 36.1 37.3 36.7 39.1 2010 37.0 36.5 36.5 36.7 2018 37.1 37.2 36.9 38.3 2025 36.7 35.9 36.1 37.6 2300 36.6 39.1 35.7 35.9 2350 38.1 38.4 37.3 37.2 2400 38.5 38.8 38.1 37.1 824 36.9 / 37.4 / 892 38.0 / 37.1 / 960 37.7 / 36.9 / 1710 / 37.6 / 38.9 1940 / 36.8 / 37.5 2170 / 38.4 / 36.1


Table 4.14 Isolation of TD antenna (dB) Same polarization Different polarization Iso (dB)

F (MHz) S12 S23 S34 S56 S67 S78 S15 S26 S37 S48 1880 -38.6 -42.9 -36.7 -47.8 -39.8 -52.5 -30.7 -32.2 -33.9 -36.8 1900 -42.5 -44.0 -42.4 -43.6 -38.4 -50.1 -29.3 -30.8 -30.0 -33.3 1920 -42.0 -46.7 -48.7 -44.3 -39.5 -44.1 -31.7 -32.5 -31.4 -33.1 2010 -42.7 -34.8 -42.5 -36.3 -42.4 -39.8 -30.8 -30.3 -28.8 -29.9 2018 -44.5 -35.0 -42.0 -36.9 -42.7 -39.5 -31.7 -30.2 -28.8 -29.5 2025 -47.2 -35.4 -41.5 -37.3 -43.4 -39.4 -37.9 -30.2 -28.6 -29.9 2300 -40.8 -47.8 -41.3 -50.0 -41.6 -45.0 -36.00 -33.2 -35.6 -34.4 2350 -43.3 -45.5 -43.5 -45.4 -49 -45.2 -30.85 -33.9 -32.3 -32.5 2400 -40.3 -47.7 -44.2 -45.6 -46.3 -42.8 -36.71 -38.7 -40.5 -36.8

Table 4.15 Isolation of GSM antenna

Downtilt (deg) Frequency (MHz) Iso (dB) T 0 1710~2170 -31.4 T 4 1710~2170 -33.1 T 8 1710~2170 -30.2

Table 4.16 Isolation of TD and GSM antenna for port 4 (dB)

Same polarization Different polarization

Iso (dB)

F (MHz) 1710~2170 1710~2170 1880 39.4 37.8 1900 36.4 38.4 1920 38.3 39.1 2010 38.5 36.7 2018 37.2 39.3 2025 35.9 37.6 2300 38.1 36.9 2350 38.4 37.7 2400 38.8 37.6 1710 36.6 38.5 1940 36.8 38.5 2170 38.4 37.1

4.9 KEY ANTENNA PARAMETERS

The parameters of FA/D combined smart antenna are shown Table 4.17 as example. Table 4.17 Parameters of FA/D combined smart antenna

Number Category Parameter Value

1 Frequency Parameter Frequency Range（MHz） 1880-1920/2010-

2025 2500-2690

2 Structure Parameter

Path Number 8 8

2 Array Type linear array linear array 3 Polarization Type ±45° ±45° 4 Column Number 4 4 5 Column Spacing（mm） 75 75 6 Circuit

Parameter

Electrical downtilt （°） 6 6

7 Electrical downtilt Accuracy（°） ±1 ±1


8

Input impedance（ohm） 50 50 9 Antenna Port VSWR ≤1.5 ≤1.5

10 Isolation between same polarization ports(dB) ≥25 ≥25

11 Isolation between cross-polarization ports(dB) ≥28 ≥28

12 Maximum input power （W） ≥50 ≥50

13

Calibration Parameter

Transmission loss from antenna element port to

calibration port (dB) -26±2 -26±2

14

Difference in transmission coefficient between any 2 antenna element port to

calibration port in magnitude(dB)

≤0.5 ≤0.5

15

Difference in transmission coefficient between any 2 antenna element port to

calibration port in phase(deg)

≤5 ≤5

16 Calibraion port VSWR ≤1.5 ≤1.5

17 Calibration port directional coupler (dB) ≥15 ≥15

18 Active return loss

Active return loss of antenna element(Relative to 50 ohms

）（dB） ≤-10 ≤-10

19 Vertical beam

Vertical half-power beam width（°） ≥7/≥6.5 ≥5

20 Upper side suppression(USLS)（dB）（dB） ≤-16 ≤-16(2~7)

≤-14(8~12) 21 Lower Null Fill（dB）（dB） ≥-22 ≥-22 22

Element beam

Gain（dBi） ≥14/≥14.5 ≥16.5

23 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） 100±15/90±15 65±15

24 Horizontal gain attenuation at ±60°（dB） -/- -12±3

25 Horizontal FBR（dB）＞23 ＞23

26 Horizontal pattern Cross-

polarization ratio（on Axis）（dB）

≥15 ≥15


polarization ratio（In range of ±60degree）（dB）

≥10 ≥10

28 65 degree broadcast

beam

Gain（dBi）[note 1] ≥14/≥14.5 ≥16

29 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） 65±5 65±5

30 Horizontal gain attenuation at ±60°（dB） -12±3 -12±3



polarization ratio（on Axis）（dB）

≥15 ≥15



polarization ratio（In range of ±60degree）（dB）

≥10 ≥10

34 Ripple in range of Horizontal half-power beam width（dB） ≤2 ≤2

35

0 degree scan beam

Gain（dBi） ≥20/≥20.5 ≥21

36 Horizontal half-power beam width（°） ≤30/≤28 ≤25


38 Horizontal side lobe level（dB） ≤-12 ≤-12

39 Difference of right and left Horizontal side lobe level

（dB）（dB） ≤2 ≤2

40 Lightning protection Lightning protection DC Ground DC Ground

41 Mechanical parameter

Connector Number 2( 1 4- core and 1 5-core)

2( 1 4- core and 1 5-core)

42 Connector Type MCIC MCIC 43 Connector position Bottom Bottom 44 Filter combiner

Band suppression(dB) ≥32 ≥32

45 insertion loss(dB) ≤0.4/≤0.4 ≤0.5

46 Mechanical adjustment

Mechanical tilt (°) 0~+10

47 Mounting hardware (mm) 50~115 note 1 including：+ power divider loss - power loss due to weight amplitude(dB)

4.10 TRIALS

As co-antenna technology is implemented in 3G\4G co-site scenarios, we have carried out trials to demonstrate that co-antenna is a good choice with little performance loss. Furthermore, this technology brings many advantages such as less cost, easier installation, etc. Take the test project located in Tianhe District, Guangzhou in CMCC’s trial network by ZTE’s equipment as example. The test environment is characterized by dense population in CBDs with heavy traffic. The following figure shows the test route map.


Figure5. 4-4 Test Route Map

Before the test, we make assumptions and conditions. We take a contrast test between the co-antenna solutions and broadband independent-antenna solutions. Both base stations and antennas are installed under the same conditions to ensure our contrast test more meaningful. The test includes antennas of 61m high, down tilt angle of 6 degree, UL\DL ratio of 2:2. Under these conditions, we get the TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA performance results for two solutions. As shown in Figure 4.1 and 4.2, it is clear that the TD-LTE performance with the co-antenna solution is quite similar to that with the independent antenna solution. These performance parameters such as TD-LTE throughput, BLER, RSRP, SINR are taken into account. The results fully prove that there is little difference in performance whether the co-antenna solution or the non co-antenna solution is adopted. This co-antenna technology is highly recommended.

Figure 4.1 TD-LTE Test Result with Co-antenna Solution


Figure 4.2 TD-LTE Test Result With Independent Antenna Solution

Another field test result shows that with co-antenna solution, the existing TD-SCDMA wireless performance is not affected. These parameters including TD-S throughput, BLER, RSRP, SINR are quite the same.

Figure 4.3 TD-S Test Result with Co-antenna Solution


Figure 4.4 TD-S Test Result with Independent Antenna Solution

In conclusion, the trials test result shows that TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA performance with the co-antenna solution is quite similar to that with the independent antenna solution. 5 REFERENCES [1] MIMO and Smart Antennas for 3G and 4G Wireless Systems; Practical Aspects and Deployment Considerations; 3G Americas May 2010 [2] ITU-R, M.2134, Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s) [3] ITU-R, M.2135, Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT advanced. [4] 3GPP TS 36.213, v10.0.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures.

Documents

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