52
Taxonomy of the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) DISSERTATION PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF Muittv of ^fiilogopd? IN ZOOLOGY OF THE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH BY Md. Jamal Ahmad DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY AUGARH (INDIA) 1989

Muittv o ^fiilogopdf · 2018. 1. 4. · 3. 4. 5. ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES AGRICULTURAL IMEMATOLOGY GENETICS Date 7«12,1989 This is to certify thet '4r» '4dl»

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  • Taxonomy of the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera)

    DISSERTATION PRESENTED FOR THE DEGREE OF

    Muittv of ^fiilogopd? IN

    ZOOLOGY OF

    THE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH

    BY

    Md. Jamal Ahmad

    DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

    AUGARH (INDIA)

    1989

  • g^*^wir^

    DS1489

  • D E P A R T M E N T O F Z O O L O G Y ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

    ALIGARH—202 002, U.P. (INDIA)

    Phones : fUniversity : 285 LPublic : 5646

    Seel ions 1. 2. 3 . 4. 5.

    ENTOMOLOGY PARASITOLOGY ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES AGRICULTURAL IMEMATOLOGY GENETICS Date 7«12,1989

    This i s to certify thet '4r» '4dl» Janal Ahmad has eoflpisiaci his t%PhiI« work under mf st^>ervi«ian on a probiata entit led ** Ta^onoof of the fataily PteronalidM (Hfiaenoptera)*** This Is an original eontribtttlon and di&tinet addition to the existing knosirledge on the subject* Being satisfied with the quality «nd quantity of the worl̂ he i s permitted to submit i t for the a««ird at ?^Phil« degree in Zoology of the Aligarh '^slim ^hiversity, Aligarh*

    ( "t̂ 'Adam ' hafee ) fleader

  • CONTENTS

    Page

    I . ACKN0WLEDG£S1ENTS 1

    I I . INTRODUCTION 2

    I I I . MATERIAL AND METHOD 5

    IV. SUBFA !̂ILY MISCOGASTERINAB. 6

    Diagnosis • • • . . . » . 6

    Key t o Indian genera of M i s c o g a s t e r i n a e . . . . . 6

    1 . G^nus svirtmaiH Mallcer • • 12

    Key t o Indian spec ies of s v a t a a i s Walker,.

    based on females • • . . . • 12

    svataalM oarvula ThtMnaon 14

    Sv«taai« ygncltftYnra Faxooql & Menon 14

    SYg^arta frCTYJLcotntg «P«" ^̂ SYrtaaia ^aJLfrawia^ «ani le

    svattaaia ^enyiffornla waiker le SY?tayl.g d^gyn^uffa? Mani 17

    ^ ? ^ a a i g ?PH?rt9na4a Walker 19

    3 . Genus HaittCOBtCga Spinola 22

    telUgggfegfa ifflPftfligna4a Chls t l & s h a f e e . . . . 23

    4. Genus Haltigngtflrtnn ^ ^ o s 25 HaltiCQDterina aliaarhenaia sp.n 25

  • Ji

    Page

    5 . Genus SPtie^qaatflC S p l n o l a 28

    Key to Indian species of SPftgqJqartttr

    splnola* based on females* • •••••...• 29

    SDheolQaater steplcola Boucek 30

    gg^ig^Lqarter qjiflfrrata graham 30 SDheolQaater a l n o u l a r l a sD,n 31

    6 . Genus syntomopua Walker 34

    syntomoDua I n d a u a Thomson • • • 34

    7 . Genus J&jfeQfllXKtoia Masl 35

    SiOiQfllXiZSiUa Jaia&£ Maal 35

    V. LIST OF PIBROMALZD PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS,

    IN INDIA 37

    VI. REPBRENCES 39

  • - 1 -

    Z. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    The author i s g r e a t l y Indebted t o Or. S. Adam shafee#

    Department o£ Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univers i ty , Aligazii^

    f o r h i s most valuable guidance, and suggest ions* He i s

    a l s o thankful t o Prof. Mumtaz A» Khan, Chairman, Department

    of Zoology f o r providing necessary f a c i l i t i e s * Financial

    a s s i s t a n c e freyn Indian Council of Agrici i l tural Research,

    New Del hi > i s a l s o acknowledged* Thanks are a l s o due t o

    t h e lab co l l eagues Or* YUnus M.Khan, Dr* M* Khalid,

    Dr* M* Ytigat, Dr* (^ i l s t l , M*S.A*K, Miss Anis Fatima and

    Miss Shama Afros , for t h e i r invaluable helps and cooperation*

    Last ly»the author wishes t o thank h i s parents , uncle

    Dr. Najabat Husain and brother Akhlaq A!tmad f o r t h e i r extr»ae

    pat ionce and constant encouragement*

  • - 2 -

    I I INTRODUCTION

    Members of the fa/oLlY Ptezoiaalidae c o n s t i t u t e an

    economically important group of miczohymenopterous p a r a s i t e s .

    They are known t o p a r a s i t i s e var ious groups of i n s e c t p e s t s

    during t h e i r developmental s t a g e s . They Xeep the population

    of t h e i r re spec t ive host s p e c i e s under check i n iiature.

    Keeping i n v i e v the importance of t h e s e p a r a s i t e s i n bio~

    l o g i c a l control of i n s e c t p e s t s i t was decided t o carry out

    a plan of c o l l e c t i n g , rearing and i d e n t i f y i n g the paras i t e s

    upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l * This has n e c e s s i t a t e d t o v i s i t some

    of the important agr icu l tura l areas of the country. The

    survey y ie lded a good number of s p e c i e s representing various

    subfami l i e s of Pteromalidae. However, i n the present work,

    on ly s p e c i e s representing Miscogasterinae have been included.

    The family group name Mlscogasterldae was proposed

    by Walker (1833) . Porster (1856) named i t as MlscogastJndidae.

    Thomson (1878) demoted i t t o the rank of subtr ibe ftt)scogast->

    r ides under t h e t r i b e Pteromalina. Ashmead (1904) accepted

    t h e family s t a t u s of KLscogasteridae. Kurdyun^v (1913)

    divided the funnily Mlscogasteridae i n t o four subfamil ies*

    Edparinae, Xjelapinae, Miscogasterinae and Sphegigasterinae.

    Mani (1938) and Nikolskaya (1952) a l s o accepted the family

    s t a t u s of Mlscogasteridae. They discarded system of d iv id ing

    t h e family i n t o «ibf ami l i e s . Peck (1963) denoted the family

    Mlscogasteridae t o the rank of t r i b e Miscogasterini under

  • - 3 -

    t h e 8Ub£«Blly Sph,«9igasterinae of PteromaIi

    fami ly under Pteromalldae. However Graham (1969) divided I t

    I n t o e i g h t t r l b e s t Brachyacel ldlphaglnl , MLcradellnl,

    Mlscogaster in lr PLrenlnl« s p h e g l g a s t e r i n l , Termolamplnl,

    Trldynlnl and Trlgonoderlnl ,

    Boucc^ eSi aHi, (1978) l i s t e d 20 s p e c i e s z«presentlng

    16 g«3era of the sobf t fd ly . ttLacogasterlnae from India .

    Important contr ibut ions on the f a u n l s t i e s and taxonomy of

    t h e subfamily Mlscogasterinae from Oriental region made by

    e a r l i e r workers are as fo l l ows t Ahmad & Manl (1939*)« Ayyar^

    (1925*) , Ayyar & Manl (1937*)« Ayyar and Margabandhu (1934*) ,

    Bhatnagar (1951*) , Boucek (1973, 1978*) , Boucek ^^ j i . (1978*) ,

    Cameron (1891, 1906) , Crawford (1913) , Dutt & FercLere (1961*)«

    Farooql (1980*) , Parooql & Menon (1972*, 1973*) , Ferr lere

    (1930, 1931, 1939*) , Gahan (1919, 1925) , Howard (1896) , Manl

    (1938*. 1939*, 1941*, 1942*) , Manl sSk al* (1973*, 1974*) ,

    Masl (1924, 1927) , Naraynan s&. A I - (1957*) , Pruthl 6 Manl

    (1940*) , Rooml, sSt Sii* (1973) , Saraswat & Mukerjl, (1975*) ,

    Shaxma & Subba Rao (1958*) , Subba Rao (1973, 1981*), Yadav

    (1978*).

    The present work dea l s with the taxonomy of the sub-

    family Mlscogasterinae of the family Pteromalldae. Brief

    review on the supragenerlc c a t e g o r i e s as adopted by e a r l i e r

    * CDntrlbutlon from India .

  • - > 4 -

    workers I s d i s c u s s e d . Diagnosis and key t o Indian genera

    of Mlscogasterinae i s provided. Keys t o Indian s p e c i e s

    wherever necessary are g iven . The work i s based on 15

    s p e c i e s representing 7 genera of the subfamily Miscogaster! -

    nae. Three new s p e c i e s fHalt ieopterina aAAqartenata sp.n.«

    SDheaiaaater aipwlnrta sp.n.« SYflliaala lygflYlgornta sp.n.} are f u l l y described and i l l u s t r a t e d . One genus (Haltlcoot^rlna

    Erdos) and s i x s p e c i e s (Miscogaster hortens i s Walker*

    spheaiaa«ter alabrata Graham* SYHtOfflQWa iflgiaua Thomson*

    SYa^flala fflfiYrtoil^Sa Walker* SYatfaa^a saasH^ Thomson*

    svataaifl ^mBJCQnriia Walker) are reported f o r the f i r s t t ime

    from India . One s p e c i e s (Haltlcopfcera tffiphflienaJLg Chist i &

    Shafee) i s described* and one spec ie s fMlaacooaaf r hortenaia

    Walker) i s redescribed. Paras i te -host index i s a l s o provided.

    The present work i s supported by 66 i l l u s t r a t i d n s arranged

    i n seven p la tes*

    The types have been deposi ted i n Zoological Museum*

    Al igarh Muslim University* Aligarh* India .

  • - 5 -

    ZII MATERIAL AND METHOD

    Important agr i cu l tura l az^aa of Bihar* Madhya Pradesh,

    Orissa* Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh were v i s i t e d for c o l l e c -

    t i o n and rearing of P a r a s i t e s . Plant parts i n f e s t e d with

    host i n s e c t s were cut i / i to p i e c e s and placed i n g l a s s Jars

    (4** X 2'*)« The openings of Jars were covered with white

    paper held with rubber bands* The samples were d a i l y observed

    f o r «aerging paras i tes* Emerged p a r a s i t e s were c o l l e c t e d ami

    preserved i n 80X alcohol* A complete record of p lace , date ,

    $^a& of t^$t—plant and h o s t - i n s e c t was duly maintained*

    Paras i t e s were i d e n t i f i e d upto s p e c i f i c l e v e l under binocular

    a i^ miccoscope*

    Permanent s l i d e s were prepared t o enable de ta i l ed

    study of various parts o f t h e body* A normal process of

    dehydration was adopted and c l e a r i n g was done i n c love o i l *

    Specifoens were d i s s e c t e d i n c love o i l medium under the b ino -

    c u l a r with the help of f ine needles* Dissected parts were

    placed i n a drop of Canada balsam on raicroslides, or iented

    i n required p o s i t i o n s and were l a i d over by cover s l i p s .

    These were then kept i n thermostat f o r f i v e t o s i x days f o r

    complete drying* Diagrams of important s tructures were made

    with the help of Camera Ludda* Measurement of whole Insec t

    as wel l a s d i f f e r e n t s tructures was done with the help of

    ocu lar micrometer*

  • -6-

    IV. SUBFAMILY MISCOGASTERINAE Walker

    Diagnosiss Body strongly sclerotized with metall ic

    reflections# 1.5-3 nro i n lengths heacl tfider than long i n

    fac ia l viewi maxillacy anA labia l palpi 4-> and 3-se^pented

    respectlvelyi mandibles bidentate# trldentate or quadrldentate;

    antennae inserted s l i gh t ly below or above the lower leve l of

    eyes« 10-13 segraented, anel l i present; pronotxim sraallf iaeso

  • - 7 -

    3« Antemtae 11—segmented* with ox^ o r two anel l l# apical

    segment of antennal club without spines • • • • • • • •

    Qaat raneia tma Msstwood* 1833

    > Antwinae lO-segmented with one anellus* f i r s t and t h i r d

    funicle amgmwcxta ouch small* apical segm«:tt of antennal

    club with 3 spines gg'^«^

  • 8« Mesosciitum with parapaldal furzxxfs complete^ f ine or

    deeply ispressed • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9

    - Meaoscutum tdlth parapsidal furrows inconplete. • • • • 12

    9 . scutcdlun td.thoirt an c^long inpresslonf propodoum with

    or without nucha • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10

    «> Scutellun with an c^long impression before frenal gzoove/

    propodeum produced as a d i s t inc t nuchal basal abdooainal

    t erg l t e large Motoqlvptna Masi* 1917

    10. Mesoscutum with parapsidal £urrows deep throughout; basal

    abdominal t erg i t e varying i n s i z e • • • • • • • • • • • 1 1

    » Hesoscutian with parapsidal furzows f ine throughout} basal

    abdoBdiM. t e r g i t e largest • • P«ri>caratoaM« Ashmead, 1894

    11. Porewings with stigma much enlarged; pronotal co l lar

    rounded* never sharply carlnate; basal abdominal t erg i t e

    emarginate posteriorly • • . • • ^MLaaaaMmtmr walker, 1833

    -> Porewings with stigma normal; pronotal co l lar carinate;

    basal abdominal t e r g i t e straight posteriorly, • • • • • •

    walker, 1833

    12. Maxillary palpi and s t ipes of male swol l en pronotal

    co l lar Immargined; propodetun with a sharp medial carina

    • 13

    -> Maxillary palpi and st ipes of male normali pzopodeum same

    or differcmt. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 4

  • - 9 -

    13, Funicle 6-segmented v/ith 2 a n e l l i ; marginal vein about

    twice as long as stigmal vein and s l i g h t l y srnallGr than

    postmarginal vein; propodeum shiny smooth with prominent

    median car ina and p l icae ; pe t io le much longer than

    wide HalticQPtera Spinola, 1811

    - Funicle 5-segrnented, with 3 a n e l l i ; marginal vein longer

    than stigmal vein; propodeum d u l l , r e t i c u l a t e , with

    f a i n t l y indicated median car ina and pl icae i n d i s t i n c t ;

    abdominal pe t io le as long as wide, strongly widened

    basa l ly Halt icopter ina Srdos, 19 46

    14, Abdominal pe t io l e not widened ap ica l ly , . . . 15

    - Abdominal pe t io le widened ap ica l ly ; longer than broad;

    propodeu:n broadly convex between sp i r ac l e s , with sharp

    median and l a t e r a l car lnae , srnooth or nearly so; head not

    protuberant between t o r u l i ; forev/ings rroderately se tose . ,

    Thinodvtes Graham, 19 56

    15, Body not f l a t t ened ; an t e r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ;

    parapsidal furrows incomplete; second abc^ominal t e r g i t e

    as long as or longer than the basal t e r g i t e

    SfihaaJLaas.'̂ jL spinoia, le i i

    - Body moderately flattened; anterior margin of clypeus

    tridentate; parapsidal furrows nearly complete; second

    tergite of abdomen much shorter than the basal tergite

    , . Svntomopus U'alker, 1833

  • - 1 0 -

    scapf _mcdian ocellus

    U t f r J l octUus

    f»x*Miing

    mtsoscutum

    r ips ida l furrow ParaPside

    cercus

    .ovipositor

    Fig. 1. Miacoaaater hortensls Walker, $

  • - 1 1 -

    - f i r s t valvifer

    -second valvifer

    -outerpiate

    -third v a l v u l a

    -cercus

    podeme

    .Pfiallobase

    phallus deadus

    j—Paramere

    digi tus clasper

    P^allotrfme

    Fig. 2. Miscoqaster hortensls Walker

    A, Part of female external genitalia

    B. Male genitalia

  • - 1 2 -

    Genus Svstas ls Walker, 1834

    svg t^a l s Walker, 1834: 288, 296.

    Type-species: Svstas ls encvrtoldes Walker, by designation

    of Westwood, 1839: 70.

    Diagnosis: Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

    head wider than long in f ac i a l view; face f ine ly punctate;

    malar space shor te r than eye width; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi

    4- and S-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e ; antennae

    12-segraented with 2 ane l l i and 5 funicle segments; oronotum

    small , immargined; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrov/s complete;

    forewings with marginal, postmarginal and stigraal ve imwel l

    developed, space belov./ marginal vein bare with a row of h a i r s ;

    abdomen s e s s i l e , about as long as head and thorax together ,

    ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted; female gen i t a l i a (Fig. 3 a,J,w)

    with f i r s t va lv i f e r almost semicircular with basal and apical

    angles in one plane, base of second va lv i f e r much d i la ted and

    s t rongly bent .

    The genus i s known to contain seven species (including

    on-' new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s

    given below:

    Key to Indian species of sy s t a s i s Walker, based on females

    I . Pedicel about as long as basal two funicle segments t o g e t h e r . , , 2

    Pedicel d i s t i n c t l y shor ter than basal two funicle segments

    together 3

  • - 1 3 -

    2. Forowings (Fig. 3P) with posttnarginal vein longer than

    st igmal, more than one-half the length of marginal

    vein I , parvula ThuDmson

    Forewings (Fig, 3D) with txjstraarginal vein as lonq as

    s t igmal, s l i g h t l y l e s s than one-half the length of

    marginal vein 2. cenchrivora FarxDoqi u i^enon

    3 , Antennae long, scape more than th ree times as long as

    wide, pedicel usual ly longer than f i r s t funicle.' segnent .4

    - /mtennae (Fig. 3K) shor t , scape th ree times as long as

    wide, pedicel as long as f i r s t funicle

    segment 3 . b rev icomis sp, r..

    4. Pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than f i r s t funicle segiaent, . , 5

    - Pedicle much longer than f i r s t funicle segment

    4. da lbera iae :iani

    5, Forewings with apical half sparsely se tose , area between

    postmarginal - stigrnal veins and below stigmal vein bare ,

    marginal vein d i s t i n c t l y loss than t h r i c e the length of

    stigmal vein , 6

    - Forewings w;ith apical half including area between post -

    marginal-stigmal and beneath the stigmal vein densely

    setose,marginal vein about t h r i c e the length of stigmal

    vein 5. t e n u i c o m i s Ualker

  • - 1 4 -

    5 , Forewings wi th marginal ve in about t w i c e t h e l e n g t h of

    s t igmal v e i n , stigma rounded a p i c a l l y

    6 . dasv^neurae Mani

    ~ Forewings ( F i g , 31) wi th marginal ve in more than tw ice

    t h e l e n g t h of s t igmal v e i n , stignsa t inancate a p i c a l l y . .

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . oncv r to ide s Walker

    1 . S v g t a s i s parvu la Thomson (F ig . 3 n->^)

    s v s t a s i s parvula Thomson, 1876: 205.

    Sys t ag i s parvula Thomson; Graham, 1969: 263.

    Comments: This s p e c i e s i s report

  • -15-

    tridentate condition of mandible and presence of plicae on

    propodeum, in their illustrations (Parooqi Sc Menon, 1972;

    Figs. 5,7), The Aligarh material agrees in every respect

    with their illustrations.

    Material Examined: 2 ^, INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

    University campus by sweeping, 15.3,1988. Md. Jamal Ahmad,

    3, Svstasis brevicornis Sp.n. (Fig. 3K-L)

    Female.

    Head dark with m t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i ons , wider

    t aan long in fac ia l view; face f ine ly punctate; oco l l i brown,

    arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e , PQL three times grea ter than

    OOL; eyes bare ; clypeus edenta te ; maxillary and l ab i a l palpi

    4- and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles t r i d e n t a t e v^ith

    tv/o acute t e e t h and a t runca t ion . Antennae (Fig. 3K) dark

    brown except a n e l l i yellow and scape par t icoloured; scape

    th ree times longer than wide; pedicel s l i g h t l y longer than

    wide, s l i g h t l y sliorter than ane l l i and f i r s t funiclo segment

    toge ther ; funicle segments subequal in length, quadrate; club as long as preceding three funic ls segments togethor .

    Thorax dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , smooth;

    pronotal c o l l a r iminargined, pos t - sp i racu la r s c l e r i t e l a rge ;

    mesoscutum 1,7 times wider than long, parapsidal furrows

    complete; scutellum s l i g h t l y longer than wide; propodeum

  • - 3 6 -

    strongly r e t i c u l a t e with a median car ina , nucha and costula

    absent, c a l l u s bare . Porewinys (Fig. 3L) hyal ine, sparsely

    se tose , basal area naked; cos ta l c a l l sparsely se tose ; basal

    vein absent; postmarginal vein 1,5 times as long as stigsnal

    Vein and about half as long as marginal vein; trie space belov/

    marginal vein bare virith a rov; of seven h a i r s ; the space betv/een

    postmarginal-stigrnal veins bare , with two ha i r s only. Hind

    wings hyal ine. Legs yellowish brown, except coxae and fornora

    greenish brcv/n and tar-si pale yellow; t e r s i f ive segmented;

    rnid t i b i a l spur s l i g h t l y shor te r than b a s i t a r s u s .

    Abdomen brov/n with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ,

    l anceo la te , as long as head and thor,3ix togethors abdomen

    s e s s i l e ; ov ipos i to r s l i g h t l y exserted, a r i s ing Iron^ iTdd of

    abdominal venter .

    Body length s 1.5 mm,

    Pfolotype 0. I^'DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty Caiopus

    by sv/eeping, 23,

  • - 1 7 -

    S y s t a s i s t e n u i c o r n i s Walker; Graham, I9691 260.

    Comments! Thirs s p e c i e s I s reporteci f o r t h e f i r s t t ime

    from I n d i a .

    M a t e r i a l Ebcamined: 1 0, IJDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al igarh ,

    U n i v e r s i t y carnpus by sweeping, 20,3 ,1933 i4d, Jamal Ahmad.

    6 . Sy^ tag i? dflgyneurae Mani

    S y s t a s i s dasyneurae Mani, 19391 535,

    7, S v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker (xn.% 3F-J)

    S y s t a s i s e n c y r t o i d e s ifelker, 133 4: 2gG,

    s v s t a s i s e n c v r t o i d e s Walker; Graham, 1969: 261 .

    Comments: Thiw spcci : ;s i s repc^rted fo r th(-: f i r s t t ime

    from Ir...lia.

    Ma te r i a l Eicamined: 2 0 , 2 c5V INDIA, U t t a r Pradesh, A l i g a r h ,

    Un ive r s i ty ceniuus by sweeping, 1 4 , 3 , 8 8 . iMci, Jaraal Ahjnad,

  • F i g . 3 .

  • -19 -

    Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833

    Mlscooaster Walker, 1833: 371, 458.

    Type-species; Mlscoaa^ter hor tensis Walker, Designated by

    Ashinead, 1904; 278, 381.

    Fii«HchnQr-̂ stGr Thomson, 1876: 220, 239 (Invalid eiriendation).

    Diagnosis* Body dark with tnetal l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

    hGad wider than long in fac ia l view; maxillary and l ab i a l

    pa lpi 4- and 3-segnientGd respec t ive ly ; rnandibles ^iuadridentate;

    a r . te r ior margin of clypeus b iden ta t c ; antennae insertc-d above

    lower leve l of eyes; funicle 5-segrnented, club 3-segrTiented,

    2 a n e l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r immargined; thorax r e t i c u l a t e l y

    sculptured, mesoscutuni v r̂ith parapsidal furrows complete; forewing;

    hyal ine , bas-il vein arcuate , cos ta l c e l l broad, stig:r;al vein

    ap i ca l l y much d i l a t ed , narrow basa l ly , shor ter than tnargiaal

    and postmarginal veins separa te ly ; a bare area below the sub-

    marginal vein present ; abdornen p e t i o l a t e , usual ly f i r s t and

    sometimes second abdominal t e r g i t e emarginate a t pos te r io r

    margin; ovipos i tor s l i g h t l y exsorted,

    Th'.» genus i s known to contain a s ingle species , (IHscoqaster

    hor tens i s Walker) re.xjrted for the f i r s t t ime.

    i^iscoqaster hor tensis Walker (Fig. 4A-G)

    rtJs-oqastQr hor tens is Walker, 1B33: 460.

    I^ischoaaqter q rac i l ipes Thomson, 1876? 239.

    :4iscoQa3ter hort^nqj^s .-alker; Graham, 1969: 230.

  • - 2 0 -

    Peinale (Redescribed),

    Head dark with n e t a l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , wider than

    long in fac ia l view; o c e l l i arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,

    POL longer than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space shor te r than eye

    width; an te r io r margin of clypeus b iden ta te ; maxillary and

    l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 4A) 4- and 3-segmente

  • - 2 1 -

    0.5«,

    F i g . 4 .

  • r e a c h i n g udd v e n t e r of abdomen; ovi iX)s i tor h idden,v; i th f i r s t

    VQlvifer ( P i g . 4F) s o r n i - c i r c u l a r , t h i r d v a l v u l e ( F i g . 4G) shor t ,

    Body l e n g t h s 1,75 rrun.

    M a t e r i a l exasTdned i 4 ^ , 12 d^ I.^DIA, U t t a r Pradesh, Al iyarh ,

    U n i v e r s i t y campus by sweeping, 15 .4 ,1987 , i'^s, Ja'.rtal Ahmad,

    Genus H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811

    H a l t i c o p t e r a Sp ino la , 1811j 148,

    Typp ' -species : D io lo l ep i s f l a v i c o r n i s Spinola , Designated

    by Ashmead, 1904; 3 76,

    Pi^^chvlarthrus Westwood, 1832: 12 7,

    Type-spec lGs : ( Pachv la r ta rug i n s i jnia l

  • - 2 3 -

    Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head

    pubescent, wid'^r than long in fac ia l view; malar spacG shortGr

    than the eyG-wi.ith; clypeus b iden ta t e ; TiaxiLlory nnJ l a b i a l

    palpi in fesmales, 4- and 3-segmentGd respec t ive ly ; iriaxillary

    palpi much d i la ted in males; mandibles quadridentate ; ant::^n::ao

    inser ted s l i g h t l y above the lo er level of eyes, funic ls

    i--segmented, club S-segniented, 2 a n e l l i present ; pronotu;r.

    immargined; mesoscutum v;ith parapsidal furrows incomplete;

    forewings hyal ine , densely setose except base naked; laarginal

    vein subequal to postmarginal and much longer than stig.ual vein;

    scutellum with a d i s t i n c t frenal groove; abdomen p e t i o l a t c ,

    shor ter than the thorax.

    Hai t icoptera imphalensis Ghisti & shafeo (Fig. 5 A - J)

    Hait i CO Dtera ipplialanaJ,S Chist i u Shafee ,198b: 471

    Female (Described).

    Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long

    i n fac ia l view; Ocelli brown, arranged in ei^uilateral t r i a n g l e ,

    POL as long as OOL; eyes bare ; malar space half of tho aye-v-'idtli;

    clypeus b iden ta te ; i.iaxillary and l ab ia l palpi (Fig, 5A) 4- and

    3-segrnenteci respec t ive ly ; mandibles (Fig, 5 B) quadr identa te .

    Antennae (Fig, 5C) yellowish brovm, inser ted s l i g h t l y :^hovn th.->

    lower level of eyes; scape s lender , s l i gh t l y more tliari 8 tin-^s

    as long as wide; p-dicel more than twice as long as wide, longer

    than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segment together ; funicle

  • - 2 4-

    6-segmentcx3, sogmonts 1-3 subequal, 4-6 sligl ' ;tly v/ider than

    long; club S-segnentedi, tvi^ice as long as wide, as long as

    preceding three funicle segtoents toge ther ; 2 a n e l l i present ,

    Thor.HX dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; jjironotal

    c o l l a r imrnargined; rnesoscutum about twice as v/ide as long, v;ith

    incomplete parapsidal furrows; meso^leuron v/ith a t r i angu la r

    smooth area; propodeurn shiny, ssiiooth dorsa l ly with d i s t i n c t

    median ca r ina . ?orov/ings (^ig« 5 D) hyaline, about 2,5 times

    as long as wide; d isc except base moderately se tose ; cos ta l co l l

    much longer than inarginal vein; marginal vein subetiual to [jost-

    marginal and twice the length of stigmal vein. Legs palo yellov;

    except coxae dai">c brov/n; snid-t ibial spur much shor ter than

    b a s i t a r s u s ; hind t i b i a e with two spurs .

    Ab

  • - 2 5 -

    Genus Hal t lcopter lna Erdos, 1946

    Hfll^jggp^fiffilnfl Erdos, I946i 160.

    Type-si>ecles: Hal t icooter lna t r l annu l a t e Erdos, by

    o r ig ina l des ignat ion.

    i ialt icoDt^rlnn t r i annu la t e Erdos; Grahai:., 1969 x 166.

    Diagnosiss Body dark with meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head

    wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r m^irgin of clypeus

    eden ta te ; malar space as long as the eye-width; raandibles quadri -

    den ta te ; maxillary and l a b i a l palpi 4- and 3-sGgmonted respect ivel i

    antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes, funiclo 5-seg-

    inented, club 3-seginented, 3 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r

    imraargined; rnesoscutum with parapsidal furrotirs incomplete;

    forewings hyal ine, marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post -

    marginal and twice as long as s t igna l vein; abdomen longer than

    the thorax, p e t i o l a t e ; oviposi tor s l i g h t l y exserted, largo

    spec ies .

    Gomtnentsx The genus i s reported for the f i r s t time from

    India , I t i s known to contain a s ingle species .

    HaltiCQPterina a l i aa rhens i s sp .n . (Fig. 5K-P}.

    Female.

    Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i ons , wider than long

    i n fac ia l viev^ ;̂ o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e ,

    POL grea ter than OOL; eyes bare ; malar space as long HG the eye-

  • - 2 6 -

    width; clypeus odentate with prominent rad ia t ing s t r i a t i o n s ;

    maxillary and l a b i a l palpi (Fig. 5K) 4- and 3-segniented r e s -

    pect ively; mandibles (Fig. 5L) q u ^ r i d e n t a t e . Antennae

    (Fig. 5M) dark brov/n, inser ted above tho lower level of eyes;

    funicle 5-seg:aented; scape slender, eight times longer than

    wide; pedicel shor ter than the f i r s t funicle segment; funicle

    segments 1-3 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, 4-5 as long as wide;

    club 3-segmented, sutures oblique,long :r than preceding two

    funicle segments together ; 3 a n e l l i present , t h i rd l a rge , as

    long as tvi?o a n e l l i toge ther .

    Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ; pronotal

    c o l l a r itrenargined; mesoscutum about two times wider than long

    with parapsidal furrows incomplete; scutellurn wider than long;

    propodeum f ine ly r e t i c u l a t e with median carina fa in t and costula

    smooth; ca l l u s se tose . Fore wings hyal ine, 2,25 times longer

    than wide; d isc sparsely setose a t basal two- th i rd , densely

    se tose at apical t h i r d ; cos ta l c e l l broad, hai ry; speculum

    present , open belov;; marginal vein s l i g h t l y longer than post-

    maxginal, twice the length of stigmal vein (Fig, 5M), Logs

    orange except coxae and fore fottora which are dark brown; mid-

    t i b i a l spur shor te r than the b a s i t a r s u s ,

    AOdomen dark brown with meta l l ic r e f l e c t i o n s , longer

    than thorax, f i r s t abdominal t e r g i t e with yellow rad ia t ing

    markings; Pe t io le smooth, as long as wide, widened basa l ly ;

    abdomen acuminate ap ica l ly , l a t e r a l margins hai ry ; f i r s t t e r g i t e

  • - 2 7 -

    Fig . 5 .

  • -28-

    produced posteriorly with an emarglnation medially; ovipositor

    slightly exserted; fe:aale genitalia (Fig. 5P) with first

    valvifer narrow, semicircular, v̂ ith basal and apical angles in

    one plane; second valvifer 4 times the length of third valvula.

    Body length: 2,75 mm,

    Holotype p . liTDlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, University campus

    by sweeping, 25,3,1987, 2^, Jamal  vmad,

    Paratypes i 2 p (same data as for holotyp«?),

    Cominentsx This species i s c lose ly re la ted to ilalticopterin.=>

    t r i a n n u l a t a Erdos, but d i f f e r s in having pe t io l e smooth, widened

    b a s a l l y .

    Genus SPheaiaastor Spinoln, 1811

    Soheaiqaster Spinola, 1811j 149.

    Type-species I DiPlolGOls oa l l i co rn i s 3pinola, Designated

    by Ashiriead, 1904,

    Trloonoaastra Ashmead, 1904: 330.

    Type-spaciess Trigonoaastra aurata Asteieau, by rnonotypy,

    Spheciqaster Sch.ulz, 1906: 143 ( Invalid 3;.iendation),

    Diagnosis J Boay dark with meta l l ic green ref I ' jc t ions; heed

    wider than long in fac ia l view; an te r io r margin of clypeus

  • - 2 9 -

    b iden ta t e ; maxillary and l a b i a l ps lpi 4- and 3--segniented

    respec t ive ly ; mandibles quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above

    lower level of eyes, funicle 6-segmented, club 3-segrnented,

    2 ane l l i present ; pronotal c o l l a r s l i g h t l y raarginod; mesoscutum

    with incomplete parapsidal furrows; forewings hyal ine, marginal,

    postmarginal and stigmal veins v/ell developed; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,

    shor te r than thorax; pos te r io r margin of basal t o r g i t e medially

    t runca te or s l i g h t l y curved, second abdoniinal t e r g i t e la rger

    than the following ones; ov ipos i tor hidden.

    The genus i s knov/n to contain th ree sp'?cies (including

    one new species) from India . A key for t h e i r separation i s

    given below.

    Key to Indian species of Spheaiqaster Spinola, based on

    females

    1. Second abdominal tergite not unusually large; antennae, with

    funicle segments 1-3 longer than wide, first funicle segment

    as long as the second; forewings with speculum bare 2

    - Second abdominal tergite unusually large, concealing the

    remaining tergites; antennae (Pig. 6 I) v;ith funicle seg

  • - 3 0 -

    between postmarginal-stiymal veins bare; second abdominal

    t e r g i t e occupying more than one th i rd the t o t a l length of

    abdomen 2. g labrata Graham

    - Fovea of malar space small; antennae (Pig. 6G) with pedicel

    shor ter than ane l l i and f i r s t funicle segtaent together ;

    forewings (Fig, 6D) with area below marginal vein ^md

    between postmarginal-stigrnal veins se tose ; second ai:>dorninal

    t e r g i t e small 3 . s lnau la r i s sp. n.

    1. Spheqiqaster s tep ico la Boucek (Fig, 6H-L)

    Spheqiqaster ste^Jicola Boucek, 1965: 12.

    Material Gcamlned : 5 ^ , 3 cJV INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

    University campus, by sweeping, 15,10.1987. I-Id. Jamal Alimad.

    2 . ^ph^qiqast^r g labra ta Graha^r. (Fig. 6M-;:)

    Spheqiqaster g labrata Graham, 1969: 133.

    Gotrenonts: This SiJecios i s reported for the f i r s t time from

    India .

    Material Eicamined: 1 0, I : ;DIA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh

    University campus, by sweeping, 10,11,1937. Md, Janial Ahmad.

  • - 3 1 -

    3 . Soheaiaagter simulQrJs sp. n. (Fig. 6A-G)

    FeraalG,

    Head dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , wid

    long in fac ia l viev;? o c e l l i brown, arranged in equ i l a t e ra l

    t r i a n g l e , ftOL as long as OOLf oyt^s bare ; malar spaco siiortor

    than eye v/idth i/ith a small fovea at the base of nandible;

    maxillary and l ab i a l palpi (Fig, 6A) 4- and 3-segmented respec-

    t i v e l y ; mandibles (Fig, 6B) quadr identa te . Antennae (Fig, 6C)

    dark brown, inser ted above the lower leval of eyes/ s*"ape more

    than six times longer than wide? pedicel d i s t i n c t l y snor ter

    than a n e l l i and f i r s t funicle segment toge ther ; funiclo

    6-segniented, 1-5 d i s t i n c t l y longer than wide, s ix th subcjuacSrate;

    club 3-sogmented, more than two times longer than wide, longer

    than preceding two funicle segirsents toge ther .

    Thorax dark with meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s , sparsely

    se tose ; mesoscutum with incomplete parapsidal furrows, twice as

    ivide as long; scutellutn as long as wide; proiXjdeurri witliout

    raedian ca r ina . Forewings (Fig. Go) hyalino, 2,5 times as long

    a3 v/ide; cos ta l c e l l with few se taa ; d isc moderately sc^tose

    except base naked; marginal vein strnarginal, s l i -

    ght ly more than twice the length of stigaial vein. Legs yellov/

    except coxae v;hich are darkly and p re t a r s i s l i g h t l y infuscatea;

    mid t i b i a l spur half as long as the b a s i t a r s u s .

  • - 3 2 -

    Abdotnon dark v^ith meta l l i c green r e f l e c t i o n s , slightly-

    longer than thorax; pe t io le four times as long as wide, s l i g h t l y

    wijoned basa l ly ; second abdominal t o r g i t e l a rge r , the remaining

    ones smaller but not r e t r a c t e d ; ov ipos i tor hidden; fern :!•:•

    gen i t a l i a with f i r s t val"^lfer CFig, 6F} sercdcircular, with basal

    and apical angles at d i f fe ren t l e v e l s , second va lv i f e r (Fiq, 6G)

    t h r i c e the length of th i rd valvula .

    Body length: 2,0 mm.

    Holotypfi p . Ii'.OlA, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, Universi ty campus,

    by sweeping, 20.2.1988. m, Jamal Ahmad.

    Paratypes: 5 $ , 5 (/'(same data as for holotype) .

  • - 3 3 -

    F i g . 6 .

  • - 3 4 -

    Genus svntomopus Walker, 1833

    Syntomopus VVolker, 1833: 371.

    Type-speCies : Syntomooua t h o r a c i c u g v.'alker, by des ign i t ion

    of Westwood, 1839: 69.

    Svntomopus Walker; Graham, 1969j 137,

    Diagnosis I Body modera te ly f l a t t e n e d , wi th m e t a l l i c

    green r e f l e c t i o n s ; head wider than long i n f a c i a l view; a n t e r i o r

    margin of c lypeus t r i d e n t a t e ; m a x i l l a r y and l a b i a l Pa lp i 4 - and

    3-3eginented r e s p e c t i v e l y ; mandibles quad r i d ent a t e ; antennae

    i n s e r t e d above t h e lower l e v e l of eyes ; f u n i c l e G-segmented,

    c l u b 3-segmented, 2 a n e l l i p r e s e n t ; p rono ta l c o l l a r margined;

    mesoscutum with p a r a p s i d a l furrows n e a r l y comple te ; forewings

    h y a l i n e , wi th marg ina l , pos tmargina l and s t igmal ve ins well

    deve loped ; abdomen p e t i o l a t e , p e t i o l e l onge r than wide; second

    abdominal t e r g i t e cmargina te p o s t e r i o r l y ; o v i p o s i t o r s l i g h t l y

    e x s e r t e d .

    SYn̂ ;̂ Q"̂ Q|?̂ s lq

  • -3 5-

    Mbtoolvptug Masi, 1917

    NotoolVDtus Masi, 1917» 181.

    Type-sp-cies» ItotoalvptuR vlrf.RCf>ns Masi, by designation

    of Gahan & Fagan, 1923i 98,

    Diagnosis: Body dark vjith meta l l ic green r e f l e c t i o n s ;

    head wider than long i n f ac i a l view; an te r io r margin of

    clypeus edenta te ; malar space as long as the eye width; maxillary

    and l a b i a l Palpi 4— and 3-segmented respec t ive ly ; mandibles

    quadr identa te ; antennae inser ted above the lower level of eyes;

    funic le S-sogrrientecJ, club 3-segmented, 2 ane l l i present;

    pronotal c o l l a r margine(3; mesoscutum with parapsidal furrows

    complete; forevi;ings hyal ine, with marginal, post-marginal and

    stigmal veins v/ell developed; scutellum with a deep oblong

    impression, frenal groov.5 present ; propodeum f inely r e t i c u l a t e

    tvith median car ina and p l icae well dovelopc^d; abdomen pe t i o l a t e ,

    s l i g h t l y shor te r than the thorax, f i r s t abdotninal t e r g i t e

    very l a rge , concealing the remaining ones; ov ipos i to r hidden,

    ^^oqlYP^Vfi aiaS£ Masl (Fig. 7 C-G)

    NotQalvptu.q niaer Masi, 1917; 181,

    Notoalvptus niaer Masi; Boucek, 1961j 67.

    Material examinedj 25 ̂ , 20 cf, INDIA, Uttar Pr^esh,

    Aligarh, University campus, by sweeping , 15,3,1987

    Md, Jamal Ahmad,

  • - 3 6 -

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  • V I . RKFSRENCSS

    Ahmad, T , & Mani , M.S. 1939 . Two new C h a l c i d o i d p a r a s i t e s o f

    l i n s e e d m i d g e , Qasvneura l i n i BarriGs. i n d l n n J,, A a r l c .

    S c i . 91 5 3 1 - 5 3 9 .

    Ashmead, IV, ii, 1894 , D e s c r i p t i o n s of new p a r a s i t i c i ly i renoptara .

    T r a n s . M» S n t . ^ g c , 2 1 : 3 1 8 - 3 4 4 ,

    Ashmead, w.H, 1904 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of t h e c h a l c i d f l i e s o r

    t h e s u p e r f a n i i l y c h e l c i d o i d e a v ; i th d e s c r i p t i o n s of

    new s p e c i e s i n t h e C a r n e g i e Museum, Menu C a m e a i-lus.

    I s 2 2 5 - 5 5 1 ,

    Ayyar , T . V , u . 1 9 2 5 , A c h o c k - l i s t of I n d o - C e y l o n o s e C h a l c i d

    f l i e s . ^gaXLa, ^QYl^q* 13 J 2 3 5 - 2 5 4 .

    Ayyar , T .V.R, & l l a rgabandhu , V. 1934 . F u r t h e r r e c o r d s of

    I n d o - C e y l o n e s e C h a l c i d f l i e s , g, Dombav. ^I^t. Hj.st .

    ^ 2 £ . 3 7 : 1 9 3 - 1 9 5 ,

    Ayya r , T ,V,R, & r i a n i , M,S. 1937 . On t h r e e C h a l c i d o i d p a r a s i t e s

    of c o t t o n b o r e r b e e t l e s from s o u t h I n d i a . Rec.

    I n d i a n l i u s . 3 9 : 1 2 5 - 1 2 7 .

    B h a t n a g a r , 3 . P. 1 9 5 1 . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f new arid r o c o r d s of known

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