Muhammad Muhammad was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Founder of Islam Mecca during Hajj 570 AD: Mecca...
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Muhammad Muhammad was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Founder of Islam Mecca during Hajj 570 AD: Mecca was a pagan city. The Kabba (black stone) was filled
Muhammad Muhammad was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Founder of
Islam Mecca during Hajj 570 AD: Mecca was a pagan city. The Kabba
(black stone) was filled with idols. The black stone was built by
Abraham and was a rock that fell out of the sky. Abraham built it,
thus Muslims worship the god of Abraham. Muhammad tore out all the
idols and restored it back to what Abraham built.
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Islam began around 622 CE in Southwest Asia. In Arabic, Islam
means surrender to the will of Allah (God). Followers of Islam are
called Muslims, and the founder is Muhammad. Muslims believe that
there is only one god (Allah) and that Muhammad is the last and
greatest prophet of Islam. Other prophets include Abraham, Moses,
& Jesus.
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The Kaaba at al-Haram Mosque (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) is the
center of Islam.
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In 610 CE, Muhammad was an Arab merchant in Mecca who was
concerned about how rich merchants refused to help the needy. He
went to meditate on this in the Cave of Hira. While there, Muhammad
received a message from the angel Gabriel, the messenger of Allah.
The angel Gabriel sent revelations to Muhammad for 22 years.
Muhammad became known as a prophet of Allah, and he continued to
receive messages until his death. These messages form the basis of
Islam and were eventually written into the Quran (the Muslim holy
book).
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Eventually, others began to listen to Muhammads messages and
this angered Meccas rulers. They threatened to kill Muhammad, so he
& several hundred of his followers fled to nearby Medina.
Muhammad became a political and spiritual leader in Medina.
Eventually, all of the Arabian Peninsula came to accept Muhammads
teachings and turned to Islam.
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Muhammad died in 632 CE, but Islam continued to spread. Muslim
armies conquered empires throughout Southwest Asia, Northern
Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula (Europe). Today, there are 1.2
billion Muslims worldwide. 1 in every 5 people in the world is
Muslim. Islam is the second largest religion in the world (behind
Christianity. *It is the fastest growing religion.
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The Kaaba at al-Haram Mosque during the start of Hajj
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The Muslim holy book is the Quran (Koran). It states how people
should live their lives. Collection of revelations, sacred text of
Islam It describes the Five Pillars of Faith (obligations all
Muslims must fulfill in their lifetime).
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Reading the Quran Muslims believe that the Koran was the direct
word of god and Muhammad. Muslims read the Koran from right to
left. God spoke to Muhammad through the angel, Gabriel. Muhammad
could not read or write. Muhammad memorized what Gabriel revealed
to him and began preaching about the messages. Muhammad dictated
the Koran to scribes. The Koran is believed to be the actual word
of god. Qur means recite this, thus the Koran means recitation.
Muslims must be able to speak Arabic to read the Koran (madrasa)
Muslims believe that Jesus was a great prophet and was sent to
preach exclusively to the Jews; believe that He will return to
judge everyone, including Muslims.
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Profession There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is his
messenger. Prayer Pray formally five time a day. Almsgiving Pay a
specified amount of money to assist the poor and sick. Fasting
During Ramadan, no eating, drinking, & smoking from dawn to
sunset. Pilgrimage Make at least one visit to Mecca.
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Ramadan celebrates the time when the Quran was revealed to
Muhammad. Its the 9 th month of the Islamic calendar, and lasts for
29-30 days. Muslims fast during daylight hours during this month.
Prayer, reading the Quran, and charity are important parts of
Ramadan.
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Boys reading the Quran at a mosque during Ramadan
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Unlike the other religions, in Islam the Quran gives
instructions on how laws should be enacted. The governments of
Muslim countries follow the Shari'a, or religious law. This creates
a theocracy, a type of government in which religious leaders are in
control.
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Prayer at Mount Arafat Hajj is not complete unless you make it
to the afternoon prayers at Mt. Arafat.
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Station of Abraham The Station of Ibrahim is the rock upon
which Ibrahim stood while erecting the Kaaba. His son Ishmael
helped him erect it, by passing him the rocks.
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The Kaaba
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A Turkish seamstress is hired to make velvet cloth for the
Kaaba every year. Use gold/gilded thread. Kaaba is washed. At end
of Ramadan, they start making the new curtain for the next
year.
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Mosques minaret
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minarets
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Someone is always watching!
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Location of the Zamzam Well Zamzam- well that sprang up in the
middle of the desert so Hagar and Ishmael could drink from it.
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Dome of the Rock Jerusalem, Israel
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The Dome of the Rock Earliest Islamic monument, begun 684.
Octagonal plan. Site where Muhammad was taken to heaven by the
angel Gabriel and deemed the messenger of Islam. The story says
that Muhammad actually died in Medina and was taken by horse to
Jerusalem and ascended to paradise from the Dome of the Rock.
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After Muhammads death, followers fought over who would be his
successor and become the next leader. This fight caused Muslims to
split into two groups: 1.Shia 2.Sunni
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Shiites believe that the supreme leader (called the Caliph)
must be a blood relative of Muhammad. Roughly 10% of the worlds
Muslims are Shia. This branch of Islam is found mostly in Iran and
some parts of Iraq. This is the religion of most Persians (ethnic
group in Iran).
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Sunnis believe that the supreme leader (Caliph) does NOT need
to be related to Muhammad. This is the major branch of the
religion, representing about 90% of the worlds Muslim
population.