muhamed mahanaya pravachakan

8/3/2019 muhamed mahanaya pravachakan

1/22

apl-Zvs{]m^. sI.-F-kv. cma-Ir-jvW-dmhp

hnh\w:

s{]m .sI.]n. Iamepo

alm\mb {]hmNI

Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukvtImgn-tmSv, Xncp-h-\--]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq, Iq, ae-pdw


2/22

aplZv alm\mb {]hmNI2

aplZvAtd-_y acp-`q-an-bn-emWv apl--Zns P\\w. apkvenw Ncn-{X-Im-c-m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-n {InkvXp-hjw 571 G{]n 20-\v."At-bw kvXpXn--s-Sp--h' FmWv apl-Zv F ]Z-n-\Yw. Atd_y-bpsS k-Xn-I-fn AXyp--X-\m-W-tlw. A\-`n-K-ay-amb B sskI-X-`q-hn At-l-nv aptm ]ntm Pohnk{am-p-I-sf-mfpw Ihn-t{i-jvT-sc-mfpw F{Xtbm aSv D-X.

Atlw kam-K-X-\m-hp-tm Atd_y Hcp acp-`qan am{X-am-bn-cppshdp-samcp iq\yX. B iq\y-X-bn\nv Hcp ]pXnb temIw cq]wsIm-p...-Hcp ]pXnb PohnXw, Hcp ]pXnb kwkvImcw, Hcp ]pXnb\mK-cn-I-X, Hcp ]pXnb km{amPyw; samtdmtm apX CUokvhsc hym]n-p-In-S Hcp km{amPyw. Gjy, B{^n, bqtdm]v Foaqv hI-c-I-fpsS Pohn-X-nepw Nn-bnepw kzm[o\w sNep-nbHcp km{amPyw. apl--Zm-bn-cpp AXns inev]n.

aX Xn{]hm-N-I-\mb apl--Zn-s\-p-dnv Fgp-Xm-s\m-cp-n-b-tm Hcpktlw; Rm kzoI-cn-n- n-m Hcp aX-s-p-dn-m-Wtm Fgp-Xm t]mIp--sXv! B aX-nXs hnhn[ Nnm-[m-c -bpsm--hcpw hyXykvX hn`m-K--fp-ap-m-bn-cns hnti-jnpwhnj-a-I-c-am-WXv. aXw XnIpw hyn-K-X-am-sWv hmZn-m-sa-nepwZriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb Cu {]]-s apgp-h Dsm-m-\pIgnhv AXn-p-s-Xv A\n-tj-[y-at{X. AXv Nne-tm \psS

lrZ-b-nepw Bflm-hnepw a\-ns t_m[D]-t_m[ Xe--fnepw At_m-[-a-\-n t]mepw IS-p-sNv \ndp \nevpw.\psS `qXhpw `mhnbpw h-am-\hpw, arZp-ehpw t\cn-b-Xp-amb


3/22

3s{]m^. sI.Fkv. cmaIrjvWdmhp

Hcp ]p-\q-en Xqn-\n-evp-I-bm-sW Hcp hnizmkw ChnsS in-bmbn \ne-\n-evp--Xp-aqew Cu {]iv\w hfsc Kpcp-X-c-am-bn-o-

cpp. \mw IqSp-X-embn sshIm-cn-Im-th-i-n--Sn-a-s-Sp--tXmsSa\-ns kp-en-Xm-h \nc-cw kwLjm-fl-I-amb Hc-h--bn-em-bn-o-cp-hm\pw Gsd km[y-X-bpv. Cu ho-W-n, A\y-a-X--sf-p-dnv F{X Ipdp ]d-bp-pthm A{Xbpw \Xv. \psSaX- imizX ap{Zn-Xm-[-c--fpsS ]cn-c--bn, lrZ-bm--cm-f-nse D]-tcm-[ -ta-J-e-I-fn, Xosc AZr-iy-ambpw ]c-a-c-l-ky-ambpw Ah-ti-jn-p-sIm-s!

Cu {]iv\-n\v, ]t Hcp adp-h-i-apv: kmaq-lnI Pohn-bmWv

a\p-jy. \mw CjvS-s-mepw Cs-nepw \psS PohnXw {]Xy--ambpw ]tcm--ambpw ap--h-cp-tS-Xp-ambn _-s-mWv InS-p-Xv. \apv `Ww \evIp av HmWv; \psS ]m\-P-e-sam-gp-Ip Acphn HmWv; \mw izkn-p hmbp HmWv. AXn-\m \psS ho-W- apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-sIm-p-Xs \psSNpp-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn ka-c-k-sp t]mIm\pw \psS Abhm-kn-bpsS am\-knI `mh--sf-spw Ia-t{km-X-t-sXpw Hcp ]cn-[n-h-sc-sb-nepw Adn-bp-hm\pw {ian-p-Xv e-{]-Z-am-bn-cnpw. Cu

ho-W-n, temI-nse kakvX aX--sf-p-dnpw Adn-bp-hm-\p kZp-t-iy-]qh-I-amb Hcp {iaw XnIpw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-amWv. aX- Xn ]c-kv]c [mcW hfm\pw, ASp--htcmAI--htcm Bb kl-Po-hn-Isf bYm-hn[n a\-n-em-m\pw Xo-bmbpw AXp-]-I-cnpw.

{]Xy--n-e-\p-`-h-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse \psS Nn-I A{X-sbmpw inYn-e--f. Cu `qX-e-nse e--W-n\v P\-lr-Z-b-v Iam-th-ihpw amK-Zi-\hpw \evIp ssNX-\y-h-mb

aX-Zi-\-fpw hnizm-k-{]-am-W--fp-am-Ip tI{-_n-p-hn GIo-Ir-X-am-Wh. \mw Pohn-p temI-nse Hcp ]uc-\m-Ip-hm \ap-m-{K-l-ap-s-n a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n kzm[o\w sNep-nbXz-kw-ln-X-I-sfbpw aX-Zi-\--sfbpw Ipdnv Adn-bp-hm-\pHcp Ffnb {iaw AXym-h-iy-amWv. Fs A`n-{]mbw {]k--sa-nepw Hcp adp-h-i-apv Cu {]iv\-n\v. aX--fpsS Cu taJehnth-Ihpw hnIm-chpw Xn-ep \nc-c kwLj-ns ^e-ambn Imep-dp \nm ]m Hcp ]cp-h-n-em-Wp-Xv. AXn-

\m, AhnsS {]th-in-p--h "amem-J-am ISp sNm--bn-S--fn HmSn-s-p hnUvVn-Isf'bmWv A\p-kva-cn-n-pI.


4/22


Fm asmcp \ne-bn Fs tPmen kpK-a-amWv. Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp aX-ns auenI Xz--sfbpw AXns alm-

\ m b{]hm-N-I-s\bpw Ipdn-mWv Rms\-gp-Xp-Xv. Ckvem-ans \ninXhnai-I-\mb k hneyw aqdn\v t]mepw ""]{p \qm-p-I-fmbnbmsXmcp Iepw tNcmsX Ah-ti-jn asmcp {Kw temIvthsd-bns''v Jp-B-s\-p-dnv ]d-tb-n-hp. Pohn-X-nse apgp-h kw`-h-K-Xn-Ifpw\nmc hni-Zo-I-c-W- t]mepw `{Z-ambpwkqva-ambpw tcJ-s-Sp--s Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\mWv {]hm-N-I-\mbaplZv Fv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_--ambn Rm ]d-p-sIm-s.

At-l-ns Pohn-Xhpw Ncn-{Xhpw kphy---ft{X. kXywIs-p-hm Npw Nhdpw Nnn-n-I-tb kmlkw \ap-n.

Fs tPmen Iptd-qSn eLq-I-cn-p asmcp kwK-Xn- Iq-Sn-bpv. cmjv{So-bhpw ap-amb Imc-W--fm Ckvem-ans\ t_m[-]qhw sXn--cn-n-n-cp hnai-I-cpsS Imew {ZpX-K-Xn-bn Ign-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bmWv. "tIw{_nUvPv saUn-h lndn' F{K-n s{]m^. _oh ]d-bpp: ""]sm-Xmw \qm-nsBcw-`-n\p apv Ckvem-an-s\bpw apl--Zn-s\bpw Ipdnv bqtdm-

]n {]kn-o-Ir-X-amb {K- Cv tIhew kmlnXy sshNn-{Xy- am{X-amtb KWn--s-Sp-pq.'' Ccw {K- \ap-nv Bkv]-Zn-t--Xn. AXn-\m Ckvem-an-s\-p-dnv anYym-[m-c-W-I Nqn-mn kabw ]mgm-t--Xp-an.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Ckvemapw JUvKhpw F knmw FSp-p-]d-bm-hp GsX-nepw hn`m-K--fn\nv h-tmgpw \mw tIp-n. Ctm aX-n \n_--an-s Ckvem-ans Xzwkphn-Zn-X-amWv. {]kn Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb Kns hmp-I-fn

""asm aX--sfbpw JUvKw sImv \njvIm-k\w sNp-hmX _m[y--cm-sW lo\-amb Hcm-tcm-]Ww apkvenw-Is-Xn-cn-epv. CXv A-X-bn\npw aX-]--]m-Xn--n\npwDS-se-Sp--XmWv. Jp-B\pw apkvenw tPXm--fpsS Ncn-{Xhpw,{InkvXy tZhm-e-b--tfmSv Ah ImWn Ie-h-d-bn-m-Xpw\nb-a-ns kwc--W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb kln-jvWp-Xbpw CuBtcm-]Ww in-bmbn \ntj-[n-pp. [manI in-bmWv apl--Zns Pohn-X-hn-P-b-n--Sn-m\w; JUvK-{]-tbm-K-a.''

bpfn]t, A\p-c-RvP\ {ia- \nc-cw ]cm-P-b-a-S--tm


5/22


Bfl-c-mYw, Npp-]-mSp-I At-ls bp--f-n-tev hen-n-gp. Fm, Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I bp-X-{--fn-emsI hn-

h-I-c-amb ]cn-h-\- hcpn. Atd-_y D]-Zzo]v H-Sw{]hm-N-Is sImSn-o-gn-e-Wn-\n-c-p--Xp- h-sc-bp Pohn-X-Im-ev\S apgp-h bp--fn-ep-ambn ac-W-a-S--h-cpsS kwJy GXm\pwiX-I- am{X-amWv. bp--f-nt]mepw Atlw Ad-_n-Isf{]mYn-m ]Tn-np H-bv, Iqmbn ssZhs {]mYn-m!bp--f-nse s]mSn-]-S-e-pw QW-Q-Wm-c-h-p-an-S-bnepw Znh-k-n-e-p- t\cw \nh-ln-t-p \n_ {]mY-\-bpsS ka-b-am-bm bp--f-n-em-sW--Xp-sImv am{Xw Ah

\on-sh-p-am-bn-cp-n. Hcp hn`mKw i{Xp-sf t\cn-p-sIm-n-cns,adp-hn-`mKw Iqp-{]mY\ \S-Ww. Ah bp--f-n-tevXncnp sNm adp-hn-`mKw {]mY-\v hcWw.

Hcp tKm{X-nse Hc-Xn-Yn-bpsS HIw asmcp tKm{X-nstan-ev {]th-in-p-sh \nm-c-amb Hcp {]tIm-]-\-nst]cn \mev]Xp sImw bpw \Sn, Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw hne-sa\p-jy-Po-h Ipcp-Xn-sIm-Sp Ccp tKm{X--fp-sSbpw AkvXn-Xz-n\v t\sc `oj-Wn-bp-bnb D{K-aqn-I-fmb B Ad-_n-Isf,

A-S-hpw Bfl-\n-b-{-Whpw ]Tn-nv bp--f-nt]mepw{]mYn-p--h-cmn amn, Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I. A]-cn-jvIr-XhpwkwkvIm-c-iq-\y-hp-amb Hcp bpK-n Hcp bp--fw-t]mepw am\p-jn-I-am--sp. hn-m-Xn-cn-m, AwK-`wKw hcp-m-Xn-cn-m,hmKvZw ewLn-m-Xn-cn-m, Ipn-I-sfbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw hr-m-scbpw h[n-m-Xn-cn-m, ^e-hr-- apdn-m-Xn-cn-m,Bcm-[-\m-a--cm-b-hsc ieyw sNm-Xn-cn-m {]hm-N-I Ii-\-amb \ntZ-i- \evIn. Xs ITn\ i{Xp--sf-tmepw Atlw

ssIImcyw sNbvX coXn A\p-bm-bn-Iv Da amXr-I-bm-bn-cpp.am hnP-b-tmsS {]hm-N-I Xs A[n-Im-c-i-n-bpsS ]mc-

ay-X-bn-se-n--gn-n-cpp. Xs ZuXy-n\p t\sc _[nc IW- am{Xw Xncn Hcp ]Ww; Xsbpw Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpwaZn--h-i-cm-nb Hcp \Kcw; \mn\nv Bn-tbm-Sn Hcp P\X;Ccp-\qdp \mgn-I-b-I-se-bp-smcp {]tZ-iv A`bw tXSn-b-tmt]mepw Xs t{Zmln-p-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcphn`mKw B \K-chpw \K-c-hm-kn-I-fp-anXm Xs Imo-gn!

Xm\pw Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-a-\p-`-hn bmX-\-Iv {]Xn-ImcwsNm Hcp kphWm-h-kcw! ]t, apl--Zns lrZ-b-nhgn-sm-gp-In-bXv Icp-W-c-k-am-bn-cpp! Atlw {]Jym-]np: ""Cu


6/22


Znhkw \ns-Xn-cn bmsXmcp inm-\-S-]-Sn-bp-an. \n-sfmw kzX-{-cmWv! a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep apgp-h

A-c--sfbpw, a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep kIe hntZz-j--sfbpw Rm\nXm Fs Imo-gn-env Nhn-n-t-pp.''

bp-n--\p-aXn \evIm AXm-bn-cpp ImcWw a\pjy kap-Zm-bs GIo-I-cn-p-hm. Hcn- Cu eyw kmmIr-X-am-b-tXmsS At-l-ns ITn\ i{Xp-p- t]mepw amv \evI-sp, Xs {]nb-s ]nXr-hys\ h[nv, icocw ]nfn Ic-sf-Spv Nh-p-Xp-n-b-hp -t]mepw!

kmheuInI kmtlmZcyw{]hm-N-I {]t_m-[\w sNbvX kmh-eu-InI kmtlm-Z-cy-n-

sbpw a\p-jy-Xz-n-sbpw ktiw am\p-jy-I-ns Dm-c-W-n\v \evI-s al-mb kw`m-h-\-bt{X. temI-nse {]apJaX--sfmw Cu kt-i-ns hml-I-cm-bn -cp -p-sh-nepw]qWmY-n AXv {]tbm-K-h-cn-Xv Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I-\mWv. temI-P-\-X-bpsS a\-mn Xn -bp -WpI hgn,hKhW hnth-N-\- A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw a\pjy kmtlm-Zcyw m]n-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp Imep am{Xta kmh-eu-InI kmtlm-Z-cy-sa Xz-ns bYmY aqeyw temI-n\vDsm-m-\mhq! AXn\v C\nbpw \qm-p-I thn-hcpw.

Cu hkvXp-X-sb-n ankv. ktcm-Pn\n \mbnUp ]d-bpp: ""P\m-[n-]-Xy-s-p-dnv ]d-bp-Ibpw AXv {]tbm-K-h-cn-p-IbpwsNbvX {]Ya aX-amWv Ckvemw. ]n-I-fpsS an\m-c- i_vZ-ap-J-cn-X-am-hp-Ibpw Bcm-[-I ]n-bn-sem-cp-an-p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw, cmPmhpw{]Pbpw tXmtfmSp tXm tNp-\nv "Amlp Ghpw alm'

Fp {]Jym-]n-p-sImv app-Ip-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Ckvem-anseUtam-{Ikn aq-cq]w sIm-pp.'' Cy-bnse {]kn--bmb BIh-bn{Xn XpS-cpp: ""Hcp a\p-jys\ P-\m-Xs asmcp a\p-jysktlm-Z-c-\mbn ImWp Ckvem-ans Cu Ahn-`m-Py-amb GIXzwFs ]e-hpcp AZv`p-X-kvX-_v[-bm-n-bn-pv. Hcp CuPn-]vXp-Im-c\pw APo-cn-b-m-c\pw Cy-m-c\pw Xpnbpw e-\n Ip-ap-p-I-bm-sW-n Hcm-fpsS P-tZiw Cy-bm-sW-tXm A]-c-tXvCuPn-]vXm-sW-tXm Ahv {]iv\-am-Ip--tX-bn.''

alm-flm-Kmn Xs A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb ssien-bn ]d-bp-Xvt\mq: kvs]bv-\n\v \mK-cn-IX km-\n, samtdm-tm-bn {]Im-i-ns ssIncn sImfpnb, temI-tmSv kmtlm-Zcy kphn-


7/22


ti-j-tam-Xnb Ckvemw sXs B{^n--bn-tev IS-p-h-cp-Xvbqtdm-]y `b-s-Sp-p-shv Btcm ]dp. sXs B{^n--

m sh-m-cp-ambn kaXzw Ah-Im-i-s-Sp--Xn-\m-emWv AhC k v e m - a n s BK-a-\s `b-s-Sp-Xv. kmtlm-Zcyw Hcp ]m]-sa-n AhAXns\ `b-s-Sp-I-Xs thWw. hW sshhn-[y-ap hK-Xn kaXzw m]n-X-am-Ip-sa-mWv Ah-cpsS `b-sa-n Ah-bpsS `bw ASn-m-\-c-ln-X-a--Xs.

hKhW sshPm-Xy-sf ]cn-tOZw Dq-e\w sNbvX Ckvem-ans Am-cmjv{S {]Zi-\-ns AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Zriy-n\v,

{]Xn-hjw lv thf-I-fn temIw kmyw hln-pp. bqtdm-]y am{X-a, B{^n--m-c\pw Ad-_nbpw t]jy-m-c\pw Cy-m-c\pw ssN\-m-c\pw Hcp Znhy-hw-i-nse AwK--sf--t]mseAhnsS Hp-tN-cpp. Fm-hcpw hkv{Xw [cn-n-cn-p-tXm HscmcoXn-bn! sh-\n-d-ap cp IjWw XpWn Hv DSp-m\pwasmv Npa ad-bvm\pw. \-in-c-kvI-cmbn B`m-Stam BUw-_-ctam CmsX, "Am-lpth, D-chv.... \o GI-\mWv.... Rm\nXm\ns hnfn-p-cw \evIpp' Fp-cp-hn-p-sImv Ah \Sp

\opp. sNdn-b-hs\ hen-b-h-\n\nv thXn-cn-p AS-bm-f--sfmpw Ahn-sS-bn. As\ Hmtcm XoYm-S-I\pw Ckvem-anskmh-eu-In-I-X-bpsS kt-ihpw Bhm-lnv Krl--fn-tev aS-pp.

s{]m^. lt{KmRvsP(Prof. Hurgronje)bpsS A`n-{]m-b-n, Ckv-em-ans {]hm-N-I kwm-]n ""kh-cm-Py-k`'' CXc cmjv{S-p-IqSn shfnw ImWn----hn[w AJn-e-temI sFIy-n-sbpw a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cy-n-sbpw ktiw Am-cmjv{S ASn-

m-\-n-Xs {]tbm-K-h-cnp. eoKv Hm^v \mjkv FBi-b-ns {]tbm-K-h-c-W-nv Ckvemw \evInb kw`m-h-\-Ip Xpey-amb asmv temI-nse Hcp P\-Xbvpw ImWn-m-\m-hn-s--XmWv bmYmYyw.

P\m[n]XywP\m-[n-]Xyw AXns Ghpw D-X-amb cq]-n {]tbm-K-

n hcpn {]hm-N-I. Jeo^m Da, {]hm-N-Is Pmam-Xmhv

IqSn-bm-bn-cp Jeo^m Aen, Jeo^m akq, Amkv, aA- vaq XpS-nb Htsd Jeo-^-ampw cmPm--mpw Ckvem-anItImS-Xn-bn \ymbm-[n-]s apmsI km[m-cW ]uc-m-sc-tmse


8/22


lmP-cm-tIn hn-pv.

\mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn shfp hK-m Idp

\ot{Km-I-tfmSv Cv Fs\ s]cp-am-dp-p-shv \ap--dnbmw.Fm, ]Xn-\mev \qmp app Pohn _nem F ASn-a-bpsS nXn Htmp-t\mq; Ckvem-ans BZy- Im-e--fn_mv hnfn-p Iaw A-p tPmen-bm-bmWv Icp-Xn-h-Xv.B Iaw \nh-ln-p-hm Cu Idp ASn-a-bm-bn-cpp `c-ta]n--s-n-cp-Xv. am-hn-P-bs XpSv Hcp k`-n _mphnfn-p-hm {]hm-N-I _nem-en-t\m-Sm-h-iy-sp. Ckvem-anI temI-nse Ghpw Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\hpw hnip--hp-amb Bcm-[-\m-e-b-amb

IA-v_-bpsS Dpw-K-X-bn, Idp \ndhpw XSn Npp-I-fp-apCu \ot{Km _mv hnfn-m-\mbn Ib-dn-\n--tm A`n-am-\n-I-fmbNne Ad-_n-I ""Hm, Cu Idp \ot{Km ASn-abvv \miw! Ah-\Xm ]cn-ip IA-v_-bpsS tamm-b-n Ibdn \npp'' F--l-knp. CXp tIt Xmakw, {]hm-N-I Jp-B-\nse Bhnip hN-\- temI-tmSv {]Jym-]np: ""a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-bta,\nsf Rm Hcp ]pcp-j-\n\npw kv{Xobn\npw krjvSnp.\nsf \mw hyXykvX tKm{X-fpw hn`m-K--fp-am-n-bXv \n

]c-kv]cw Adn-bm thn am{X-amWv. ssZh-n-s-b-Sp- \n-fn Ghpw D-a Ghpw IqSp-X ssZh-`-b-ap--h-\t{X.''

Cu {]Jym-]\w krjvSn ]cn-h\w, Ien-m ipAd_n-I X-fpsS s]a-sf Cu Idp apn\v hnhmlwsNbvXp sImSp-p-hm Xm-dm-Ip Hc-h--tbmfw sIms-np.alm-\mb Da Fv Ncn{Xw hnfn-p cmw Jeo^ Aao-dpapA-van-\o Da, Cu \ot{Km ASn-asb ImWp-tm-sgms ""\psSbP-am-\ CXm hcpp, \psS t\Xmhv CXm hcpp'' Fp

]dv Atls BZ-cn-p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNpI]Xn-hm-bn-cpp.

Am-ev `qan-bn Pohn--h-cn shv Ghpw Al-m-cn-I-fmb Ad-_n-I-fn Jp-B hcp-nb al-mb hn-h-am-bn-cppAXv. Cm-c-W-m-emWv ""Cu {Kw bpK-bp-Km--c--fn i-amb kzm[o\w sNep-n-sm-t-bn-cnp''sav alm-\mb PaIhn tKmbvtY Jp-B-s\-p-dnp ]d-Xv. ""ASp \qdp hj-n-\Iw Cw-, bqtdm]v Xs `cn-p-hm GsX-nepw aX-

n\v km[y-X-bp-m-hp-sa-n AXv Ckvem-an-m-bn-cnpw'' FvtPmPv _WmUv jm ]d-bm-\p Imc-Whpw asm-.


9/22


kv{Xo hntamN\wkv{Xok-aq-ls ]pcp-js ASn-a--n\nv tamNn-n-Xpw

Ckvem-ans Cu P\m-[n-]Xy ssNX\yw Xs. Nmkv FtUzUvlmans hmp-I-fn, ""a\p-jy P\m ]m]-ap--\m-sWvCkvemw ]Tn-n-pp. kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Htc k-bn\nvDZv`q-X-am-b-h-cm-sWpw Ah Htc Bflm-hmWv Dsm-p--sXpw _pn-]-chpw Bflo-bhpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Imcy--fnHtc Xc-n-ep Ign-hp-I-fmWv \evI-s-n-cn -p--sX-p-amWvCkvem-ans A[ym-]\w.''

hm Npg-m\pw Ipw {]tbm-Kn-m\pw Ign-hp--h k-n\v

A\--cm-h-Im-in-bm-hp-I-sb--Xm-bn-cpp Ad-_n-I-fpsS ]mc-cyw.]t, Zp_e hn`m-K--fpsS kwc--I-\mbn Ckvemw IS-p-h--tm X-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS k-n kv{XoIpwA\--cm-h-Imiw e`np. kzn-p-S -a -bm-Im-\p Ah-ImiwCkvemw kv{XoIv \In. \qm-p-I ]{v Ign-tb-n-hp,P\m -[n -] -Xy -ns Cun - -ambn Icp -X -s -Sp Cw-nkv{XoIv B Ah-Imiw m]n-p-In-p-hm. hnhm-ln-X-I-fpsSBIvn(The Married Woman's Act)eqsS Cu Ah-Imiw kv{XoIv

e`n-Xv 1881-embn-cpp. Fm, ""kv{XoI a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ns]Ip-Xn-bmWv; kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i- kwc-n--s-tS--XmWv.kv{XoIv Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i- e`n-p-p-sv \nDdp hcp-pI'' Fv Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I \qm-p-Ipapp-Xs {]Jym-]n-n-cpp.

A\mYmebkm-nIcmjv{Sob hyh--I-fp-am-bp Ckvem-ans _w

{]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-a-s-nepw a\pjy kaq-l-ns km-nIcmjv{Sob Pohn-X-n KWy-amb kzm[o\w sNep-p kp{]-[m-\-amb Xz- Ckvemw Bhn-jvI-cn -n -pv. ""km-nIcwKs {[pho-I-cW Xo{h-X-In-S-bn kp-en-XXzw \ne-\np-I-bmWv Ckvemw sNp-Xv; \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS aqe-in-e-bmbkz`mh kwkvI-c-W-n AXv kZm {i ]Xn-n-pp'' Fvs{]m^-k as-\ (Prof. Massignon) A`n-{]m-b-s-Spp.

A\--cm-h-Imi \nbaw, kImv hyh Fnh m]n-p-

sImpw km-nI cwKs IpI, ]eni apIqn \n-bn--s-Xpw Ahn-lnX amK-n-eqsS t\Sp--Xp-amb sIm-em`w,]qgvn-shv, hne-\n-e-hmcw Iqm thn Ir{Xn-a-maw krjvSn-


10/22


XpS-nb kmaq-lnI hncp {]h-\-sf \nb-a-hn-cp--ambn {]Jym-]n-p-sIm-p-amWv Ckvemw {]kvXpX eyw t\Sp-

Xv. AXv NqXmw Ii-\-ambn XS-bpp. hnZym-e-b-, Bcm-[-\m-e-b-, BXp-cm-e-b-, InW Ipgn-, A\mY kwc-Ww XpS-n-b-hbvv \evIp kw`m-h-\-I al-mb ]pWy-Ia-ambn AXv Icp-Xpp. Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-Is A[ym-]-\-amWv A\m-Ym-e-b--fpsS DZv`-h-n\v Imc-W-sav Icp-X-s-Spp.Hc-\m-Y-\mbn ]nd Cu {]hm-N-I-t\mSv temI-nse apgp-h A\m-Ym-e-b-fpw IS-s-n-cn-pp. Imsse-ens hmp-I-fn, ""{]Ir-Xn-bpsS Cu GIm k-Xn-bpsS lrZ-bm--cm-f-n IpSn-sIm-

n-cp P-kn--amb klm-\p-`q-Xn-bp-sSbpw ka-Xz-`m-h-\-bp-sSbpwImcp-Wy-n-sbpw _lnkv^p-c-W-am-bn-cpp AXv.''

kZvKpW ka\pjy al-z-a-f-p-hm aqv am\-Z-fi--fp-sv Hcp Ncn-

{X-Im-c Hcn- A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-I-bp-mbn. ka-Im-enI At-l-s kZvKpW k--\mbn In-cp-pthm? Xm Pohn Ime-L--ns khn-ti-j-X-I-fn\nv Dbp \nevp-hm km[n-n-p-tm? temI-n\v Fs-nepw imizX kw`m-h\ \evIn-bn-

ptm? Ch-bmWv B aqv am\-Z-fi-. Cu env C\nbpw ZoLn-nmw. Fm, Cu aqv ]co--I-fnepw apl-Zv hn hnPbwIc--am-n-bn-cn-p-p-sh--XmWv bmYmYyw. GXm\pw DZm-l-c-W- \nc-n-sh-p-I-gnp.

ka-Im-en-I At-ls kZvKpW k--\mbn In-cp-pthmF-XmWv Hm-a-tXv. {]hm-N-Is shn-n-f-p kz`m-h-Kp-W--sfbpw If--ta-evm kXy-k--X-sbbpw Ipeo-\-ambs]cp-am--sbpw Pohn-X-ns kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw Atlw{]I-Sn-n BflmY-X-sbbpw hnizm-ky-X-sbbpw, i{Xp-fpw an{X--fp-amb kh ka-Im-en-Icpw k-Xn-n-cp-p-shv Ncn-{X-tc-J-IImWn-pp. At-l-ns ZuXyw kzoI-cn-m--hcpwPqX-mt]mepw-X-fpsS hyn-]-c-amb X--fnepw Ie-l--fnepw{]hm-N-Is\ a[y--\mbn kzoI-cn-n-cpp. At-l-ns khk-X-amb \njv]--X-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-cpp AXv. ""Hm apl-Zv, \o Ifhp ]d-bp-I-bm-sWv R ]d-bp-n. \n\v {Kw\evIp-Ibpw Znhy-t_m-[\w \evIp-Ibpw sNp--h-s\-bmWv R\ntj-[n-p-Xv'' FmWv Ahn-izm-kn-I t]mepw ]d-n-cp-Xv.{]hm-N-I\v ss]im-NnI _m[-tb--Xm-sW-mWv Ah Icp-Xn-bXv.


11/22


AXns ia-\-n\v B{I-a-W-s-bm-W-h Ah-ew-_n-Xv. ]t,]pXn-sbmcp {]Im-i-[mc apl--Zn-eqsS DZn-p-b-cp-Xv Ah-cn-ep-a

Ip. Ah B shfnw tXSn-sp.{]hm-N-Is ASp _p-fpw kplr-p-fpw, At-l-

n\v e`n-n-cp Znhy-t_m-[\w bmYmYy-am-sWp t_m[y-ap--hcpw Fm ZuXy-n ]qW-ambn hnizm-k-an-n-n-m--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-Xv {]hm-NI Ncn-{X-nse {it-b-amb Hcp hi-at{X. At-l-ns kzImcy Pohn-X-s-p-dnv ASp--dn-bp--hcpw Ipeo-\cpw hnth-I-a-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-cp B _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I,B Pohn-X-n h-\-bp-sStbm Ak-Xy-n-stbm `uXn-I-

tam-l-n-stbm hnizm-k-cm-ln-Xy-n-stbm emRvO-\-sb-nepwIn-cp-p-sh-n [manI ]p\\nam-W-sbpw Bflob ]p\-cp-m-\-sbpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvIm-c-sbpw Ipdn At-l-ns {]Xo--I hmSn--cnp t]mhp-Ibpw B kev] ku[wHcp \nan-j-n-\Iw XIp Xcn--W-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cpp.adnv, X-fpsS Pohn-X-ns \nb-{Ww {]hm-NI lkvX--fn kzbw An-p-I-bmWv A\p-bm-bn-I sNbvXXv. At-l-n\v thn Ah aZ-\-fpw ]oU-\-fpw klnp. ac-W-n\p

t]mepw CS-bm-nb _ln-jvI-cWw aqew Ah-c-\p-`-hn ITn-\-ambat\m-hy-Y-bp-sSbpw AhW-\o-b-amb IjvS-m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw a[y-nepw {]hm-N-Is\ _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw hniz-kn-p-I-bp-am-W-h sNbvXXv. CXv kXy-sa-n X-fpsS bP-am-\s Pohn-X-n Hcp Idp ]pn-sb-nepw Is-p-hmAhv Ign-n-cp-p-shv Icp-Xmtam?

BZy-Ime hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw hmbn-p-t\mq. \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb kv{Xo]pcp-j-msc ssIImcyw sNbvX arKo-b-amb ImgvN

GXv inem-lr-Z-b-s-bm-W-en-bn-m-Xv? \njvI-f--bmb kpa.Ip- B Km{Xs ]nn-on! bmkn-dns Hmtcm Imep-IHmtcm H-I-hp-ambn _nv Ahsb FXnh-i--fn-tev ASn-tm-Snp! Jm-_ns\ Xo-\-en\p ta InSn B Iiva-e-m amdnIb-dn-\np! B I\-ep-I-fn a\p-jy-amw-k-sa-cn--enp. Jm-_p_v\p AZn-ns\ Ah-b-h--tfm-tcm-mbn tOZn-p-I-fpwamwkw Aev]m-ev]-ambn sNn-sb-Sppw Ah Bkz-Znp. B {Iqc-Ir-Xy-n-\n-S-bn Ah tNmZnp: ""apl--Zns\ \ns m\p

\nn, \ns \ns Ipp-Ip-n-I-tfm-sSmw Ign-bp-hm A\p-h-Zn-p-Xv \o CjvS-s-Sp-nt?'' ""apl--Zn\v Hcp aps-n-ep-tap-Xv XS-bm Fsbpw Fs `mcy-sbbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw _en-sIm-


12/22


Sp-m-\mWv F\n-njvSw'' Fm-bn-cpp At-l-ns adp-]Sn!CuZri-amb \qdp -I-W-n\v kw`-h--fp --cn -p-hm Ignbpw.

FmWv CsXmw sXfn-bn-p-Xv? Ckvem-ans Cu kv{Xo]pcpjk-Xn-I {]hm-N-I-t\mSv X-fpsS Iqdv ImWn-pI am{X-a,X-fpsS lrZ-bhpw Poh\pw Xs km-\-am-bn-Xv Fp-sIm-m-bn-cpp? Ckvem-ans Cu BZy-Im-em-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS hnizm-khpw Iqdpw apl--Zns BflmY-Xbvpw Bflm-W-n\pwsXfn-h-s-n ]ns as-mWv? Cu Bfp-I-fm-hs, kaq-l-nseXmsg-n-S-bn-ep--htcm at\m-ZmVyw Ipd--htcm Bbn-cp-n.a-bnse kthm-XvIr-jvScpw Ipeo-\-cn Ipeo-\-cp-amb Bfp-I-

fmWv XpSw apXXs At-l-tm-sSmw tNXv. m\hpwam\hpw ]Whpw ]Z-hn-bp-ap a-m, {]hm-N-I-s\-p-dnv Fm-a-dn-bp At-l-ns IpSpw-_mw-K-, DX hyn-Xz-nsDS-a-I-fm-bn-cp BZys \mev Jeo-^-amCh-scms Cu BZy-Ime apkvenw hyql-n-ep-m-bn-cpp!

B hynXzw""Fm {]hm-N-I-m-cnepw aX-t\-Xm--fnepw shv G-hp-a-[nIw

hnP-b-{io-em-fn-X-\mb {]hm-N-I apl--ZmWv''- Fssk-tm-

]o-Unbm {_nm-\n ]d-bpp. Cu hnPbw bmZr-On-I-am-bn-cp-n,`mKym-Xn-tc-I-hp-am-bn-cp-n; ka-Im-en-I At-l-ns kZvKpWk--Xv \evInb AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-cpp. DPz-ehpw BIj-I-hp-amb B hyn-Xz-ns hnP-b-am-bn-cpp AXv.

apl- -Zns hynXzw! AXns\ apgp -h Is-pI{]bmkw! Hcp sNdnb Awiw am{Xta F\nv Is-m Ign-pq.

F{X-am{Xw lrZ-bm-hP-I-amb _lp-ap-JXzw! Fp-am{Xw \mS-Iob cwK-! apl-Zv F {]hm-N-I! apl-Zv F kh-ssk-\ym-[n-]! apl-Zv F ]S-bmfn! apl-Zv F `c-Wm-[n-Imcn! apl-Zv F I-h-S-m-c! apl-Zv F {]`m-j-I! apl-Zv F Xz-m\n! apl-Zv F cmjv{S-X-{-! apl-Zv F {]kw-K-I! apl-Zv F ]cn-jvImhv! apl-Zv FA\mY kwc--I! apl-Zv F ASn-a-hn-tam-N-I! apl-Zv Fkv{Xohn-tam-N-I! apl-Zv F \nb-a-! apl-Zv F \ymbm-

[n-]! apl-Zv F ]pWy-hm-f! DPz-e-amb Cu hi--fn-semw,a\pjy Pohn-X-ns sshhn-[y-am Cu hIp-p-I-fn-semw Hcplotdm Xs-bm-bn-cpp Atlw!


13/22


A\m-YXzw \n-lm-b-X-bpsS ]mc-ay-amWv; Atlw PohnXw XpS-n-b-X--s\-bmWv. cmPXzw euInI in-bpsS Dpw-K-X-bmWv;

B PohnXw Ah-km-\n--X--s\-bmWv. A\m-Y-\mbn Pohn-XwXpSn, ]oUn-X-\mb Hc-`-bmYn-bmbn, Hcp P\-X-bpsS euInIt\Xmhpw Bflo-b-Kp-cphpw hn[m-Xm-hp-ambn amdn, Atlw. B P\-X-bpsS ]co--W-L---fnepw amK-{`w-i--fnepw Ccp-nepw shfn--nepw Dj-nepw A]-Ij-nepw `b-nepw kam-[m-\-nepw An-]-co--W--fn-eqsS IS-p-t]m {]hm-N-I Pohn-X-ns kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw amXrI ImWn-p-hm thns ] m - t e - e v m s X

]pd-p-h-cnI Xs sNbvXp. At-l-ns t\- Pohn-X-ns Hcp hip am{Xw ]cn-an-X-a. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns apgp-h Ah-m--c--tfbpw AXv Nqgvp-\n-evpp.

alzns am\ZfiwA-X-bp-sSbpw A[man-I-X-bp-sSbpw AKm[ K-n-

emp InS-p Hcp P\-Xsb kwkvI-cn -s-Sp-p--Xn-emWvalzw IpSn-sIm-p--sX-n Ad-_n-I-sf-tm-ep-smcp P\-hn-

`m-Ks ]cn-hn-n-p-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-p-Ibpw ]qWX ssIh-cn Hcp kaq-l-am-bp-bp-Ibpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw hnm-\-n-sbpw hml-I-cm-p-Ibpw sNbvX B DPze hyn-Xz-n\val-z-a-h-Im-i-s-Sm-\l-X-bpv. ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Snp acn-n-cpHcp kaq-ls kmtlm-Z-cy-n-sbpw ku{`m-{X-n-sbpw \qentImp--Xn-emWv al-z-sa-n acp-`q-an-bnse B {]hm-N-I\v_lp-a-Xn-l-X-bpv. A-hn-izm-k--fnepw A\m-Nm-c--fnepwAn-n-Sn-p-In-S-p Hcp kaq-ls ]cn-jvI-cn-p--Xn-emWv al-

z-ap--sX-n P\-e---fpsS lrZ-b--fn\nv Abp-n-I-amb `bhpw A-hn-izm-k-fpw Dm-S\w sNp-hm Ckvem-ans{]hm-N-I\v Ign-n-pv. D-X-amb [manI KpW--fpsm-p--Xn-emWv al-z-sa-n i{Xp-fpw an{X-fpw Hcp-t]mse k-Xn-n-pv, apl-Zv A-A-aohniz-kvX Bbn-cp-p-shv. HcptPXm-hmWv alm-s\-n A\mY _mes \n-lm-b-X-bn hfvAtd-_y-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdn, ]Xn-\mev \qm-p-IsfAXn-Po-hn Hcp km{amPyw m]n Hcp a\p-jy-\nXm ChnsS.

Hcp t\Xm-hnp e`n-p BZi _lp-am-\--fmWv al-z-ns am\-Z-fi-sa-n {]hm-N-Is \maw temI-m-I-am\w ]c-p-In-S-p P\-e---fpsS Bflm--fn AZv`p-X-I-c-amb A\p-


14/22


`q-Xn-I-fp-f-hm-pp!

\nccGXkn-setbm tdman-setbm t]jy-bn-setbm Cy-bn-setbm

ssN\-bn -setbm hnm-\-tK-l--fn\nv Atlw Xz-imkv{Xw ]Tn-n-cp-n. Fnpw k\m-X\ aqey--fpsS DZm--ambkXy- a\p-jy-cm-in-tbmSv {]Jym-]n-p-hm-\-t-l-n\v Ignp.\nc--c-\m-bn-cp-npw hmNm-e-ambn {]kw-Kn-p-hm\pw \b-\-sfCud-\-Wn-bn-p-amdv hnIm-c-hn-h-i-cm-p-hm-\p-a-t-l-n\v km[np.kz-am-sbm-p-an-m Hc-\m-Y-\mbn ]nd-npw kh-cp-sSbpwkvt\l-a-tlw km-Znp. GsX-nepw anen-dn Am-Z-an-bn

Atlw ]Tn-n-n. Fnpw AkwJyw hcp i{Xp-\n-c-s-XnscAWn-Isf kwL-Sn-n-p-hm At-l-n\v Ignp. [manIin-bpsS ]n_-ew-sImv hnPbw ssIh-cnp.

A]qh {]Xn`mkwXz-{]-kwK ssh`-hw-sImv A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h Ipdbpw. Ip-

a Hcp kphn-tij {]kw-K-Is\ temI-nse Hc-]qh Pohn-bm-bmWv sZImsX (Descartes) IXv. CtX Bibw lnve Hcn-

{]I-Sn-n-p-I-bp-mbn: ""Hcp henb Xmzn-I A]qh-amtbHcp henb t\Xm-hm-Im-dpq. Hcp Iem-]-Im-cn-bn Cu KpWw Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X-ep-m-hm-\mWv km[yX. ImcWw, t\XrXzw Fma\p-jy-k--b-sf Cf-n-hn-Sm-\p Ignhv Fm-WYw. Xzm-hn-jvI-cW knnbpw t\Xr-Xz-ti-jnbpw Xn henb _-sam-p-an.'' lnve XpS-cpp: ""Xmzn-I, kwLm-S-I, t\XmhvFo hnti-j-Kp-W- Hcm-fn tafn-p-I-sb-Xv Cu `qan-bnseA]qh {]Xn-`m-k--fn-sem-mWv. Ahn-sS-bmWv alzw IpSn-sIm-

p-Xv.'' `qan-bnse Cu A]qh {]Xn-`mkw cp Imen \S-p-Xv Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I-\n temIw Ip.

dh-d v t_mkvhXv kvanns {]Xn-I-cWw Iptd-qSn {it-b-amWv: ""cmjv{S--e-h\pw ]n-ta-[m-hn-bp-am-bn-cp Atlw Htckabw t]mpw kok-dp-am-bn-cpp. ]t, t]mns Ah-Im-i--fn -m t]mpw, Imem-Stbm AwK-c--Itcm sImm-ctam\nnX hcp-am-\tam Cm kok-dp-am-bn-cpp Atlw. bYmYZnhy-in sImv `cWw \S-n-sbv GsX-nepw a\p-jy\v Ah-

Im-i-s-Sm-sa-n AXv apl--Zn\v am{X-amWv. ImcWw, A[n-Im-c-i-n-bpsS D]-I-c-W-tfm Ah-bpsS ]np-Wtbm IqSm-sX-sapgp-h inbpw At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cpp. A[n-Im-c-ns ]cn-


15/22


th-j-sf Atlw IW-n-se-Sp-n. kzImcy Pohn-X-nseemfnXyw s]mXp Pohn-X-nepw Atlw \ne-\nn.''

Zcn{Z\mb cmPmhvam hnP-bs XpSv ]p- ew NXp-c{i \mgn-I-bn-e-

[nIw hcp `q`mKw At-l-ns Imo-gn-e-ap. ]t, Atd-_y-bpsS B A[n-]Xn kzI-c-sImv ]mZ-c \mn; tcma-p-mbw Xpn; ]m Idp; ASp--Sn-p-hmcn; Xobp-mn; ASp-f tPmen-I-fn hop-Imsc klm-bnp. aZo\m Pohn-X-nsAy-L--am-hp-tm-tgpw B ]Ww kar-n-bpsS tIZm-c-am-bn--gn-n-cpp. shnbpw kzWhpw kh-{X-sbm-gpIn. Fnpw, B

sFiz-cy-ns \mfp-I-fnepw Atd-_y-bpsS cmPm-hns ASp-n]pI-bp -b-cmsX BgvN-IXs IS-p-t]mbn. Cu--ghpwshhpw am{X-ambn `Ww. Am-g-n\v Hp-an-m--Xn-\mAt-l-ns IpSpw_w Hgn hb-dp-ambn An-bp-dn. Dd-m]mb-b-msX, sa Atlw D]tbm-Kn-n-n. ZoL-amb Xnc-p-]n-Sn ]I-ep-Ip-tijw hs-p cm{Xn-I {]mY-\m-\n-c-X-\mbn Ignp. Xs D-c-hm-Zn-Xz- bYm-hn[n \nh-ln-p-hmIcp-t-I-tW-sbv kh-i--t\mSv Cudan-gn-I-tfmsS AYnp.

tX ImcWw IWvT-an-Sdn, i_vZw, Xnf-bvp sh-n-t-Xn\v Xpey-ambn. \ncym-X-\m-Ip-tm GXm\pw \mW-b-p-p-I-fm-bn-cpp At-l-ns kmZyw. AXn-semcp `mKw ISw hom-\p--Xm-bn-cpp. Ah-ti-jn-Xv Zm\w tNmZn-p-h Hc-Xym-h-iy-m-c\pw sImp-t]mbn! ac-W-th-f-bn-e-t-l-a-Wn-n-cp hkv{Xw[mcmfw Ij-W- Xpn-n-Sn-n--Xm-bn-cpp. temI-n\v {]ImiwsNmcn B Krl-n Iqcn-cpv IpSn-bn-cpp. ImcWw, hnf-n-sem-gn-m AhnsS F-bn-m-bn-cpp!

Npp-]m-Sp-I amdn. ]t, ssZh-ns {]hm-N-I am{Xw amdn-bn. hnP-b-nepw ]cm-P-b-nepw A[n-Im-c-ap--tmgpw Cm--tmgpw ma-nepw kar-n-bnepw {]hm-N-I Htc-sbmcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cpp. Hscm kz`m-hta At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-pq. ssZh-ns \nb-a- t]mse ssZh-ns {]hm-N-I-mpw am--fp-m-Im-h-X. kXy-k--\mb Hcp a\pjy ssZh-ns GhpwDIr-jvS-amb krjvSn-bt{X. apl-Zv kXy-k- am{X-am-bn-cp-n. ka-kr-jvSn -kvt\-lhpw klm-\p-`q -Xnbpw At-l-nsBflm-hns kwKo-X-am-bn-cpp. a\p-jys\ kvt\ln-pI, a\p-jys\ DbpI, a\p-jys\ kwkvI-cn-pI, a\p-jy\v Adnhp


16/22


]I-cpI; H-hm-n a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-pI CXm-bn-cpp At-l-ns ZuXyw. Pohn-X-ns kh-kzhpw, Nn-bnepw hmnepw

{]hr-n-bnepw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS \-bm-bn-cpp Htc-sbmcp eyw;Htc-sbmcp amK-Zi-IXzw!

AZv pX ImWnm {]hmNIXopw \nkzmY-\m-bn-cpp Atlw. t]cpw s]cp-abpw

Atlw B{K-ln-n-cp-n. Atlw Ah-Im-i-s-n-cp m\-t-cp-I Fm-bn-cp-p-shtm? ssZh-Zm-k\pw ssZh-Zq-X\pw Fvam{Xw. BZyw ssZh-Zm-k, ]ns ssZh-Zq-X. temI-ns hnhn[`mK--fn-em-K-X-cmb, \ap--dn-bm-hp--hcpw Adn-bm--h-cp-amb ssZh-

Zq-X-m-scbpw {]hm-N-I-m-scbpw t]mse Hcm. Ah-cn-sem-cm-sf-sb-nepw \ntj-[n--h apkven-am-hp-I-bn. Hcp ]mmXy ]fin-X ]dp: ""B Ime-L--ns khn-tij kml-N-cy-fpwXs A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS \no-a-amb _lp-am-\m-Z-c-fpw IW-n-se-Sp-p-tm, Znhym-Zv`p-X- ImWn-p-hm X\nv Ign-bp-savA h - I m - i - h m - Z - a p - - b n - n - s - X vapl--Zns Imcy-n AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kwK-Xn-bt{X.'' AZv`p-X- ImWn-n-cp-p-sh-nXs AXv BZi-{]-Nm-c-WmY-am-

bn-cp-n. Ah ]qW-ambpw ssZh-ns Ign-hns]-Xpw a\p-jy-ta-[v A{]m-]y-hp-am-sW-mWv Atlw ]d-Xv. Xm ap--h-sc-tmse Hcp a\p-jy am{X-am-sWv ]d-bm-\-tlw aSn-n.BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-sem-fn-p-In-S-p \n[n-Ipw-`--fp-m-bn-cp-nAt-l-n\v. `mhn-Im-cy-fpw K`-c-l-ky-fpw Adn-bp-savAtlw Ah-Im-i-s-n. {]Ir-Xy-XoX {]Xn-`m-k--fn-ep hnizm-khpw Hcp km[m-cW ]pWy-hm-fs PohnX hyh-lm-c--fpsS]nnepw, \nXy-kw-`-h--fpsS ]nnt]mepw Znhym-Zv`p-X--fp-s-

p [mc-Wbpw Atd-_y-bnepw ]cn-k-c--fnepw ]cs kzm[o\wsNep-n-bn-cp Hcp Ime-L--n-em-Wn-sXv \mtamWw.

NnnpI ssZhs IspI!{]]--sbpw {]m]-nI \nb-a--sfbpw ]n ]Tn-p-hm\pw

AXn-eqsS ssZh-ns alzw Is-p-hm-\p-amWv Xs A\p-bm-bn-Isf Atlw DZvt_m-[n-n-Xv. Jp-B ]d-bpp: ""BIm-i-`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep--Xn-s\bpw \mw Ifn-bmbn krjvSn-

-X. bYmY-am-bn--s-bmWv Ahsb \mw krjvSn-Xv. ]t,A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw Adn-bp-n.'' {]]w anYytbm ambtbm A.Dt-iy-c-ln-X-hp-a. bYmY-am-bn--s-bmWv Ah krjvSn--s-


17/22


Xv. {]]-s \nco-nv ]Tn-p-hm-\m-lzm\w sNp Jp-B-\nI kq--fpsS kwJy {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p-hm\pw XoYm-S\w \S-

p-hm-\p-am-h-iy-s-Sp kq--sf-m F{Xtbm IqSp-X-emWv.XZv^-e-ambn apkvenw-I {]]-s \nco-np ]Tnp. As\{Kop-Im-m-X-am-bn-cp imkv{Xob ]co-W\nco--W- Pw sImp.

imkv{Xns ISmSvtemI-ns hnhn[ `mK--fn\nv kky- tiJ-cnv

C_v\p ss_Xm Hcp kky-im-kv{X-{Kw Xm-dmn. J\nP amXr-I-I tiJ-cn-p-hm A_n-dq\n \mev]Xp hjw \nc-cw bm{X

sNbvXp. ]{p hj-n-e-[nIw hcp Imew apkvenw tPymXnx-im-kv{X--m hm\-\n-co -Ww \Sn. Hscm ]co-Wwt]mepw \S-m-sX-bmWv Acn-tm-n DuP-X-{-s-p-dnv Fgp-Xn-bXv. ]cn-tim-[n-p-d-p-h-cp-msX, a\p-jyv Xncy-p-I-sf-mIqSp-X Z--fp-s \ncp--c-hm-Z-]-c-amb {]kvXm-h-\bpwsNbvXp-I-fp Atlw. ico-c-im-kv{X-ns AtXm-dn-n-bmbnKWn--s-Sp Kme Iogvm-Snv An-I cp-sv{]kvXm -hnp . Hcp a\p -jym -n -IqSw

]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am-pI F kml-k-n\v A_vZp--Xzo^vF apkvenw apXn-cp--Xp-hsc Kmes Xzw tNmZyw sN-s-SmsX InSp....Ccw AkwJyw DZm-l-c-W--sf-n--d--tijwtdm_v {_n^mv (Robert Brefault) Xs "sabvnwKv Hm^v lypam-\nn' (Making of Humanity) F {K-n ]d-bpp: ""\psSimkv{X-n\v Ad_n-I-tfm-Sp IS-mSv, Ah \S-nb AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Ip-]n-Sn---fntem hn-h-I-c-amb Xz--fntem A.imkv{X-ns IS-mSv henb Hc-f-thmfw Ad_v kwkvIm-c-tm-

SmWv. imkv{X-ns AkvXnXzw Xs AXn-t\mSv IS-s-n-cn-pp.''

Atlw XpS-cpp: ""{Kop-Im Xz- Bhn-jvI-cn-p-Ibpws]mXp \nK-a-\--fn-se-n-t-cp-Ibpw hyh--I-fp-m-p-I-bp-amWvsNbvXXv. Kth-j-W-ns am-]qh-I-amb coXn, {Inbm-flIhnm\ km-Z\w, imkv {Xo -b -amb kqvam -h -tem -I\w,ZoLhpw hni-Z-hp-amb \nco-Ww, ]co--W--fn-eq-sS-bp At\z-jWw XpS-n-bh sam-n {Kop-Imv A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cpp.bqtdm-]n Cv \mw imkv{X-sav hnfn-p-Xv {Kop-ImvAm-X-am-bn-cp Kth-jW \nco--W--fp-sSbpw KWn-X-imkv{X


18/22


]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw ^e-am-bp-m-b-XmWv. B Kth-jW XrjvWbpw\nco-W coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]n\v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-bXv Ad-_n-I-

fWv.''aX]cwatXXcw

{]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\--fpsS Cu {]mtbm-KnI kz`m-h-amWv imkv{Xm-h-t_m-[-n\v P-ta-In-bXv. \nXy-Po-hnX hyh-lm-c--sfbpweuInI Imcy--sf--dn-b-s-Sp Ia--sfbpw ]hn-{X-amn amn-bXpw AXp-Xs. ssZhm-cm-[-\-bmWv a\pjy krjvSn-bpsS Dt-iy-sav Jp-B ]d-bpp. ]t, ssZhm-cm-[\ {]mY-\-bn am{Xw]cn-an-X-a. ssZh-{]o-Xnbpw a\p-jy-\-bpw eyw shp sNp

apgp-h Ia-fpw AXn-eps-Spp. kXy-k-hpw \oXn-bp-hpw kZp-t-iy-]qh-I-hp-amb apgp-h {]h-\--sfbpwCkvemw ]hn-{X-ambn ImWpp. aX]cw, atX-Xcw F bpK--fm-bp B hnth-N\w Ckvemw Dq-e\w sNbvXp.

ip-]-ZmY- `n-p-Ibpw AXn\v ssZh-n\v \n ]d-bp-I-bp-am-sW-n AXpw Hcm-cm-[-\-bm-sWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-pp.Xs `mcy-bpsS hmbn Hcp-]nSn `Ww shp-sIm-Sp-p-Xv {]Xn-^-eml-amb ]pWy-am-sWv {]hm-N-I Acp-fpp. Hcp Xncp-h-N-\-n Cs\ ImWmw: ""Hcm Xs lrZ-bm-`n-em-j- kmm-XvI-cn -p-Xv ssZh-ns {]Xn-^-e-aln-p Imcy-amWvAbm AXn\v kzoI-cn-p amK- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-Xm-sW-n.'' Atm Hcp t{imXmhv AZv`p-X-]qhw tNmZnp: ""ssZh-Zq-Xtc, Abm hnImcw ian-n -p-Xpw lrZ-bm-`n -em-j--fpsS]qo-I-c-W-am-Wtm?'' ""sXmb Hcp amK-am-W-Xn-\-bm kzoI-cn-n-cp--sX-n Abm inn--s-Sp-am-bn-cpp. Atm icn-bmb amK-a-h-ew-_n-p--hv {]Xn-^ew e`n-t--Xp-at''Fm-bn-cpp {]hm-N-Is {]Xn-h-N\w.

Aeu-InI Imcy-v {]m[m\yw \evIp--tXm-sSmw Cl-temI Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-nepw {i thW-sa Cu ]p aX-Zi\w [manI aqey-v ]pXnb am\- \evIn. a\pjyPohnX hyh-lm-c--fnse ]c-kv]c _--fn AXv sNep-nbimiz-X-amb kzm[o\w, km[m-c-W-m-cn AXp-f-hm-nb Icpv,X-fpsS Ah-Imi _m[y-X-I-sf-p-dn [mc-W-bn AXv hcp-

n-o {Iao-I-cWw, \nc--c-\mb Hc-]-cn-jvIr-X-sbpw _pn-am-\mb Hcp Xz-Nn--I-sbpw Pohn-X-n AXn-\p A\p-tbm-


19/22


Py-Xbpw AwKo-Imc tbmKy-Xbpw {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\--fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wnh.

hnizmkhpw IahpwFm, ka-v \evI-s-Sp {]m[m\yw hnizm-

ks _en-sIm-Sp-p-sIm--s-Xv {it-b-at{X. Ia-Po-hn-X s Ah-K-Wn hnizm-k-{]-[m-\hpw, hnizmkw IW-n-se-Sp-m Ia-{]-[m-\-hp-amb \nc-h[n Nnm-[m-c-I-fpv. Ckvem-am-Is, ZrV-hn-izm-k-nepw ka--fn-ep-a -[n -jvTn -X-amWv. ey amK-p Xpey-{]m-[m-\y-amWv AXv Iev]n-p-Xv. ]c-kv]c _n-

X-amb Hcp kmI-ey-am-WnXv. Ah Hnp Pohn-p-Ibpw Hnvhf-cp-Ibpw sNpp. Ahsb ths-Sp-p ]w cn\pwAkvXn-Xz -an -m-Xmhpw. Ckvem-an hnizmkw Ia-n\nvths]-Sp-pI km[y-a. icn-bmb Adnhv kZv^-e-ap-f-hm-pka--fmbn amdWw. hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kaw {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp--h am{Xta kzKw ]qIq Fv F{X Xh-W-bmWv Jp-B ]d-Xv! A]-Xn Ipd-bm e--fn AXvBhnp ]d-n-cn-pp. [ym\w t{]mm-ln-n--s-n-cn -

pp. ]t, shdpw [ym\w ey-a. Ia-c-ln-X-\mb hnizm-knv Ckvem-an m\-an. ZpjvIa-Im-cn-bmb Hcp hnizm-kn-sb-p-dnp Nnn-p-hmt\ km[y-a. ssZhnI hyh Hcp Ia-]--Xn-bmWv shdpw Xz-kw-ln-X-b. m\-n\nv Ia-n-tepw Ia-n\nv kwXr-]vXn-bn-tepw IS-p-t]m-Ip ]ptcm-K-a-t\m-p-J-amb Hcp ]mX-bmWv a\p-jyp-thn AXv hcp ImWn-p-Xv.

kwXr]vXnbpsS t{kmXvFm ]qW-amb Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn-bn-tev kzO--sam-gp-Ip

Ia--fpsS t{kmXv GXmWv? GI-ssZ-h-Xz-amWv B t{kmXv;tI{-_np. ""Amlp AmsX asmcp Cem-ln'' Ckvem-anIIa-Po-hnXw Id-p Ap-X-m-WXv. Znhym-kvXn-Xz-n am{X-a Znhy-Kp-W--fnepw Ah AXp-ey-\t{X. ssZh-ns hnin-jvS-Kp-W--fpsS Imcy-n ap Imcy--fn-se--Xp-t]mse Hcp

a[ya amK-amWv Ckvemw Ah-e-w_n-n-p-Xv. Hcp ho-W-n`uXnI temI-ns KpW--f-Jnew ssZh-n\p \ntj-[n-p-tm asmcp ho-W-n `uXnI ]ZmY--tfmSv Xpe\w


20/22


sNpp. Hcp hiv ssZh-n\p Xpey-ambn Hp-an-sv ]d-bp-tm, asmcY-n ssZhw ImWp--h\pw tIp--h\pw Adn-

bp--h\pw BsWp hni-Zo-I-cn-pp. ]ng-hp-Ifpw \yq\-X-IfpwXom cmPm-hm-W-h. Ahs A[n-Im-c-am-Ip I \oXn-bp-sSbpw ka-Xz-`m-h-\-bp-sSbpw ]mcm-hm-c--fn-sem-gp-Ipp. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-W-h. Cu KpW-hn-ti-j- ssZh-n\v Iev]np sImSp-p--tXm-sSmw ap--hv AXv \ntj-[n-pp. kh-Xn-sbpw kwc--I-\mbn am-cp-an. Fm t]mcm-bva-Ifpw \nI-p--h-\m-W-h; ampw AXv km[y-a. Fm \jvS-pw ]cn-lmcw ImWp--h-\m-W-h; asmcp inpw B

Ign-hn. ico-c-sf krjvSn-p, Bflm-sf krjvSn-p, hn[n-Zn-\-ns hn[m-Xm-hmb B ssZh-a-msX ap ssZh--fn. Npcp--n, Jp-Bs `mj-bn hninjvS KpW--sfmw Ah\v am{X-ap--Xt{X.

PohnXns Xzimkv{Xw{]]-hpw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep _-sa-sv Jp-B hni-

Zo-I-cn-n-pv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep kI-eXpw ssZhw a\p-tjym-]-tbm-K-n\v k-am-n-bn-cn-pp. Ahsb `cn-p-I-bmWv a\p-jy

sNt-Xv. kp-c-amb hkvXp--fmWv a\p-jy\v ssZhw \In-bn-cn-p-Xv. PohnXac-W- \n-bn-n-p-Xpw a\p-jys\ Hcp ]co--W-n\p hnt[-b-\m-p-hm-\mWv; BcmWv B hkvXp- D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ka-Im-cn-bm-hp-Xv, BcmWv ZpamKn-bm-hp-Xv F ]co--W-nv.

Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc a\p-jy kzX-{-\m-sW-nepw a\pjy \nb-{-W-n--Xo-X-amb Nne kml-N-cy--fn-emWv Ah P\n-p-Xpw Pohn-p-Xpw. GXv a\p-jy-s\bpw Ah-p--a-sav ssZh-n\v tXmp kml-N-cy--fn-emWv ssZhw P\n-n-p-Xv. {]]krjv-Sn-bpsS clkyw \iz-c-Po-hn-Iv ]qW-ambpw Dsm-m-\m-hn. ]t, a\p-jys\ sFiz-cy-nepw ma-nepw Btcm-Ky-nepw tcmKm-h--bnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnepw At[m-K-Xn-bnepwssZhw ]co--W-hn-t[-b-am-pw. ]e-scbpw ]e-hn-[-n-emWv ssZhw]co-n-p-Xv. hyXykvX k`--fn-emWv ssZhw ]co-n-p-Xv. hyXy-kvX k`--fn hnhn[ coXn-I-fm-W-Xn-\p-m-hpI.AXn-\m, _pn-ap-p-I-fpsS kml-N-cy-fn sXmb amK-a-h-ew-_n-m-Xn-cn-pI; AXv Xmm-enIw am{X-am-bn-cnpw. kar-n-bnssZhs ad-m-Xn-cn-pI; ssZhm-\p-{K-l- Hc-\m-a-mWv.


21/22


ChnsS Pohn-p-hm\pw acn-p-hm\pw \n hn[n--s-n-cn-pp.Pohn-p-Xv ssZh-\n-b-a--\p-kr-X-am-Is; acn-p-Xv ssZh-

ns amK-nepw. CXns\ \n hn[n Fv hnfn-tmw.Fm C-c-n-ep hn[n A\p-\n-anjw Pm{KX ]pem\nsf t{]cn-n-p-Xv A\p-kyq-Xhpw DuP-kz-e-hp-amb {]b-Xv\-ns Hc-hm hnti-j-amWv.

Cu euInI PohnXw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-ns Ay-am-sWvIcp-X-cpXv. imiz-X-amb Hcp PohnXw ac-Wm-\-cw hcm-\n-cn-pp.AZriy-amb Pohn-X-bm-YmYy-n-te-p Ihm-S-am-WXv. Pohn-X-n Ghpw \nm-c-amb Ia-n-\p-t]mepw AXn-t-Xmb {]Xn-

^-e-apv. Hcp {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn-eXv tcJ-s-Sp-pp. ssZh-ns{]h-\-co-Xn-I-fn NneXv \n-dn-bm-hp--XmWv. ]t, Ah-bn-e-[n-Ihpw \nv Am-X-amWv. \n-fn AZr-iy-am-bn-n-S-p-Xpw Cu temIv \nv AZr-iy-am-b-Xp-amb kI-eXpwASp temI-n \nv Zriy-amIpw. ka-Im-cn-IssZhm-\p-{K-l-am-kz -Znpw. Hcp Ipw In-n -m-Xpw HcpsNhnbpw tIn-n-m-Xpw Hcp `mh-\-bnepw sXfn-n-n-m--Xp-amb hn`-h-! Cu temIv k`w ]mgm-n-b-h \nb-a-ns

A\n-hm-cy-Xbvv hnt[-b-\m-bn-ocpw. Xs {]h-\--fpsS cpNnAX-hs\ Bkz-Zn-npw. kzI-c--fpsS sNbvXn aqe-ap-f-hmbBflob tcmK--fpsS Hcp NnIn-m-hn-[nv Ah hnt[-b-\m-bn-ocpw. imco-cnI ]oU\w Nne-tm kly-amWv; Bflob ]oU\w\c-I-Xp-ey-amWv. AX-k-ly-hp-amWv.

kwXr]vXn, kmbqPyw, kam[m\wAXn-\m, A[a-amK-n-tev \bn-p a\-m-n-bpsS

Zpjvt{]-c-W-Isf sNdpp tXmev]n-pI. B sNdpp \n]nsASp ]Sn-bmb Ip-t_m-[-a-\p-`-h-s-Sp a\-mn [manIt_m[-ns Dpw-K-tkm-]m-\-n-te-p-b-cp-hm Pnm-km-]qhw DWcp-Xpw A[a-n-s\-Xnsc ka-c-k--am-Ip-XpwA\p-`-h-th-Zy-amIpw. CXv Bflo-tbm-XvIj-ns Ay-L--ambkam-[m-\-n-tev ssZh-ns am{Xw kwXr-]vXnbpw ktm-j-hpw Is-p Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn-bn-tev\bnpw.AtXmsSkwLj-ns LwAhkm-\n-pp. ]ns, Bflm-hnv ]X-\-an. kXyw hnP-bn-p-Ibpw AkXyw ]n Xmgvp-Ibpw sNpp. Fm koW-X-Ifpw AtXmsS ]cn-lr-X-am-Ipp. ssZh-ln-X-n\v ]qW-ambpwIogvs]-Sp-I-sb tI{-_n-p-hn hyn-Xz-ns hn`n `mK-


22/22


DZv{K-Yn-X-am-bn-o-cpp. AXmWv Bflm-hv kam-[m\w Is-pB k`w! Atm ssZhw \nsf kwt_m-[\ sNpw: ""kam-[m-\-]qW-amb Bflmth, ssZhs \obpw \ns ssZhhpwXr]vXn-s \ne-bn \ns \mY--tev aS-pI, Fs ASn-a-I-tfm-sSmw \o {]th-in-pI, Fs kzK ]qm-h-\-n \o {]th-in-p-sImI!'' CXmWv a\p-jys Ana eyw. Hcp hiv{]]--ns ssIIm-cy-Imhm-Ip-Ibpw, adp-h-iv ssZhw Ah-s\bpw Ah ssZh-sbpw Xr]vXn-s \ne-bn Xs BflmhvssZh-n kam-[m\w Is-p-Ibpw sNp-I-sb--XmWv a\p-jy-Po -hn -X-ns ]c-a -eyw. kmbqPyw ]qW kmbqPyw;kwXr]vXn ]qW kwXr]vXn; kam-[m\w ]qW kam-[m\w. CuL-n ssZh-tm-Sp kvt\l-am-W-hs Blmcw; Pohn-X-ns Pe-[m-c-bmWv Ahs ]m\obw. tJZhpw \jvS-t_m-[hpwAhs\ Xop-n. hnPbw Ahs\ Al-m-cntbm D-t\mBp-p-an.

]mm-Xy-temIw {]]--ns ssIIm-cy-Im--fm-hmt\{ian-p-pq. AXn-\m, Ah-cpsS Bflm- kam-[m\w Is-p-n.

Cu PohnX Xz-im-kv{X-n-em-Ir-jvS-\mb tXmakv ImsseFgp-Xpp: ""\mw ssZh-n\v Iogvs]-Sp-I-sb--XmWv Ckvemw. AXm-bXv, ssZh-n-\p ]qW-amb Iogvh-W--n-emWv \psS apgp-h inbpw IpSn-sIm-p-Xv. ssZhw \tmSv sNp--sXpw\apv \evIp--sXpwAXv ac-W-am-hs, AXn-s\-m No-bm-hs D-ahpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-am-bn-cnpw. \mw kzbw ssZh-n-\n-pI.'' Imsse XpS-cpp: ""CXmWv Ckvem-sa-n

\msamw Ckvem-an-et Pohn-p--sXv tKmbvtY tNmZn-pp.''tKmbvtY-bpsS tNmZy-n\v Imsse Xs adp-]Sn ]d-bpp:""AsX, [a-\n-jvT-amb Pohn-X-ap Fm-hcpw \msamw. FmepwD]-cn-temIw \psS `qan-bn-tev Ah-X-cn-n--Xnshv GhpwD-X-amb hnm-\-at{X CXv.''

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