Mud Morpho - Final

7/25/2019 Mud Morpho - Final

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mud-morpho-final 1/68

Master Program in Urban DesignModule Code-AU6030

F.R.Arooz l M.Irfan

UrbanMor!olog"

City: Amsterdam

Country: Netherlands

Province: North Holland

Coordinates: 4° 53' 34.6'' E, 52°22' 22.7'' N

Altitude: 34 m

Population: 741

Land Area: 219.00 sq. km

PopulationDensity:

4 nh.!sq. km

Time Zone: 1 "E#

Districts: $

Currency: E%&( )

Mayor: *o+ "ohen

TelephoneNumber:

31 20

Museums: 72

Theatres: 24

Higher chools!"niversities:

16

Public transportin#o:

%nder-rond,trams, +ses



#!at is

UrbanMor!olog"

$

Urban Mor!olog" is t!e se%i&%

'TEXTURE’ of a %it" informedb" su%! arameters as(

) Building form

) Street pattern

) Populationdensity



Former Amsterdam Cit"

,!e eig!t Amsterdam Cit" +uarters





The beginnings ofAmsterdam

/ ,!e area as &rst settled in t!et! and /0t! Centuries.

/ ,!e generall" a%%eted ie ist!at t!e city grew around adam on the Amstel Rier in t!e

late //00s.

/ Along it! seeral ot!ers1 t!isdam formed a netor2 of di2esalong t!e sout!ern ban2 of t!eAmstel Rier.

/ ne ie is t!at or2ers !o%ame from t!e Utre%!t dio%eselo%ated in 4olland to build t!edi2es built Amsterdam.

/

/ %nhabited mostly bycraftsmen" traders andfarmers" Amsterdam wasgranted a city charter around

&'(( by the Bishop of Utrecht#

/ 5ome !istorians beliee t!at t!is%!arter a%tuall" %on&rmed t!e%it"s rig!ts gien b" t!e 7ord ofAemstel in /800. ,!e oldest re%ord

of t!e %it" dates from /89:.

/ ,!is is t!e toll %on%ession of t!eCount of 4olland1 !i%! statest!at t!e settlers in t!e areaaround t!e dam ere relieedfrom toll a"ments to 4olland1 ast!e" transorted t!eir on goods.

/ ,!is as an essentialarrangement1 be%ause in t!e/800s Amsterdam as under t!e

;urisdi%tion of t!e Utre%!t dio%ese.



*ediealAmsterdam

,!e /8t!-Centur" <oodsdestro"ed a large art of t!efarmland1

so t!e oulation turned to

%rafts1 &s!ing and s!iing tosustain itself.

,!e %onstru%tion of t!e damturned t!e estuar" of t!e Amstelinto a natural ort =resent-da"Damra2>1 t!e oldest ort of t!e%it".



The +olden Age

/ ,!e &rst big e?tension

lan as formed in t!e&rst de%ade of t!e/9t!%entur".

/ @e%ause t!e %it" as

literall" full after t!eolden Age started.

/ It as de%ided to builda %anal ring around t!e

old %it" and moe t!edefense all outard=oer /2m eastards andalmost /2m to t!e est>.

/ The canal ring wasbuilt in two phases"

Amsterdam1 /:3B =loo2ingfrom nort! to sout!>.



,!e re-/600 Inner %it"toda"

,!e dam in t!e %entre is no Dam 5uare. ,!e %it" is alled =on t!e left side at eedi;2 and on t!e rig!t at 5ingel>.

,!e attern of t!e old %it" is still inta%t1 it! some of t!e atera"s noaed.



Pla%e E Date( Fran2furt E /636 1 Amsterdam Ma



A /6:9 ma s!oing t!e large %anal ring e?tension =sout! side u>.



The canal ring todayA &,-. map showing the largecanal ring e/tension

The 0rst e/tension of the canal ring =from @rouersgra%!t in t!e

est to 7eidsegra%!t> as a !uge relief to t!e city" releasing thepressure on its land#

It as &lled u ui%2l" it! some of t!e ri%!est uroeans migrating toone of t!e %lass" %anals. ,!e se%ond e?tension =%omleting t!e%on%entri% !alf to t!e east> as &nis!ed b" t!e time t!e %it"s immense

roserit" !ad alread" started to de%rease.



,itle( Amsterdam. Fameu? Port de Mer Ma

Ma2er( Gi%olas De Fer


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mud-morpho-final 13/68/989 5tadt Amsterdam =/989> - Cit" Ma.



Seenteenth1century canal ring area of Amsterdam inside



De Hordaan as also art of t!e &rst%anal ring e?tension.

%t was a planned segregation"with the three canals built for t!e

ri%! =ese%iall" 4eren- andeizersgra%!t>1 and t!e Hordaan areabuilt for t!e oorer or2ers andindustries.

The city’s economy only reallystarted growing again in thesecond half of the &2th century#

,!at is !en lans for e?ansion eremade again.

The 0rst residential bit outside ofthe canal &.th century e/tension

was built in &3.( =as art of

an /B66 lan t!an neer as e?e%utede?%et for t!is art1 be%ause it turned

out to be too e?ensie>.

4e 5ordaantoday

6irst &2th century e/pansion of 4e Pi7p



The &3., Plan18al9 Staatsliedenbuurt" part of the &3., Plan



Plan :uid#

Plan :uid today#

,!e ne/t largee/pansions ereunderta2en beteen

&2;( and &2<(1

%onsisting of Plan uid=5out!>1 designedb" @erlage1 and Plan#est.

,!ese deelomentsin%luded a lotof Amsterdam 5%!ool

ar%!ite%ture.



/300

/K00

/600

/68:

/98:

/00

)%ST=R%>A? E@=?UT%=



DFG5 7IG F AM5,RDAMCI,L #A77 F #A,R





#!at is t!e Defense7ine of Amsterdam$

The 4efense ?ine ofAmsterdam =5telling anAmsterdam in Dut%!> is a /3: 2mlong %ir%ular defense at &-1;( m

around the capital Amsterdam#

It as built b" t!e Ministr" of Car mostl" beteen about &33& and&2&<#

It %onsists of 3 to : 2m ide<ooded areas =inundations> andthirty si/ forts" two coastal forts"two fortresses" four batteries and

two coastal batteries#

Additionall" man" more inletslui%es1 se%ondar" batteries anddeots ere %onstru%ted.

This was all done to defend the ational 8eep" the last line ofdefense" of the 8ingdom of the etherlands#



Alt!oug! ba%2 t!en not man" in!abitants ould !ae 2non mu%!about t!e forts1 t!e militar" resen%e in tons and in t!e rural areasmust !ae been large and at t!e same time er" %ommon.

Also t!e foreign t!reat b" three superpowers surrounding

,!e Get!erlands( United 8ingdom" +ermany and 6rance#

@e%ause of adan%ing te%!niues of artiller"1 infantr"1 air lanes1nu%lear eaons and so on1 t!e Defense 7ine lost its role in t!e Dut%!defenses.

@ut also be%ause of t!e disaearan%e of t!e foreign treat1 !i%!after #orld #ar II a%tuall" %!anged into a %ommon defense.

Een today the in!uence of the 4efense ?ine is remarable# ,!e arm" is scarcely present but the country planning andinfrastructure can largely be attributed to the 4efense ?ine#

@e%ause of a se%ial la1 building along t!e 4efense ?ine hashardly taen place and new rail and roadways had to run alongthe forts#

,!e Defense 7ine as ins%ribed to t!e UNESCO World Heritage



Ater the eond orld ar, the reqrement or

ermanent deense orks as dmnshed.

#hs meant the end o# the De#ense Line and ordeades the orts ere sed as a stora-e deot

and -arded onl + a athman ho, to-ether

th hs aml, led n a athman's hose.

The De#ense Line % Civil usage

#o mas rom 1910 and 1995 th the orts,

nndatons and the e&panded built areas$

8rom aterl:n)



7arge arts of Amsterdam are lo%ated belo sea leel1 it! %ertain

olders set at more t!an 6 meters belo.

SEA ?E@E? =6 T)E A*STER4A*



RBA 4ES%TD PETTER









?A4 USE =6 A*STER4A*

8KN - ater 88N - residential /:N -agri%ultural and

nature /K N - industrial /KN - ar2s 9N - %onstru%tion

6N - infrastru%ture



%?4 6=R* =6 RES%4ET%A? % A*STER4A*



/31000 dellings in /0 store" !ig! rise aartments.



r2-li2e lands%aes beteen t!e blo%2s it! /01000 dellings.



!ouses and gardens



4 @A?UES 6=R )U*A SETT?E*ET % A*STER4A*



)%ST=R%> URBA @=?U*E



4%STR%BUT%= =6 >=**ER>%A? A>T%@%T%ESBD DEAR



*STER4A* =E =6 T)E +REE >%TD % EUR=PE

Oondelar2

Gieue Die 7a2e

7eidse @os;e

,!e art!uizer!of alm!ouses

,!e Oererstraat

Peole born in



Peole born inAmsterdam lieon t!e outs2irts

of t!e %aital.

- For KK er%ent of%urrent residents1

Amsterdam asalso t!eir la%e of

birt!.

- ne t!ird ofresidents of t!e

%it" %entre=@innenstad> ere

born inAmsterdam.

- @orn and bredAmsterdam

residents aremainl" found ont!e outs2irts1 in

muni%ialuarters.

Peole born and liing in Amsterdam b"

?odus from t!e



?odus from t!e%entre to t!e garden

illages.

- In neig!bour!oods int!e %it" %entre onl"

one uarter ofresidents ere born in

Amsterdam.- ,!e roortion is

een loer =one &ft!>in @urgallen-Gieue

i;de.

- Residents of theseneighbourhoods

were predominantlyborn outside the

capital.

- The highestproportions ofpeople born in

Amsterdam lie inthe ad7acent garden

illages #

Peole born else!ere liing in Amsterdam b"



E>T%@%TD =6 T)E A*STER4A*



,erra%e in t!e Oondelar2 4ouseboats in t!e %analsGauti%al eent

T)E A>T%@%T%ES >=TR%BUT%+ T= )%+)>=E>T%@%TD % A*STER4A*



More lieable %it"

7ess noise

nuisan%e

Imroement

of road safet"

E=P?E *=@E*ET BD *=T=R @E)%>?E



,o-a" bi2e at! in t!e middle of a %ar-free zone in Amsterdam.

5e%ial ,ra% signals gie%"%lists

er !alf of all bi2etris inAmsterdam are b"omen.

Amsterdam(C"%ling Caital of

uroe

E=P?E *=@E*ET BD B%>D>?E



P?E *=@E*ET BD *ETR= ?%ES A4 6ERRD R=UTES



PE=P?E *=@E*ET BD TRA* ?%ES

Amsterdam !as a &nel" mes!ed tram netor2

,!ere are a great man" stos1 ese%iall" in t!e%it" %entre and t!e surrounding

Man" tramlines trael t!roug! t!e %it"s s!oing streets1 t!us ensuring good a%%essibilit".



Future Proosal onAmsterdam Cit"



#ill t!e %it" of Amsterdam soon

build Qa lab"rint! %it"Q beneat! its %anals$



AM5,RDAM 5U@CI,L - A ne underground %it" for Amsterdam1



Ma"be so.A%%ordingto World ArchitectureNews1QGesaersaround uroe!ae beenreorting on t!e

s%!eme1 !i%!reuires t!ecitys canalsto be drainedto allow theconstruction

of a astundergroundmi/ed1usecomple/beneat!.

Fa range of underground facilities### at ariousF

A tl th



1Apparently" thepro7ect is een

technically feasibleG

-,!e Dut%! %aital ma" be uniue as itsgeolog" lends itself to t!e te%!ni%alfeasibilit" of t!is s%!eme.

-Mos!S arts e?lained1

FAmsterdam sites on a '(1metre layer of waterproof

clay which will be usedtogether with concreteand sand to mae newwalls#

-



But does that meanAmsterdam should

really build itH

For instan%e1 World ArchitectureNews is uite oosed to t!e ro;e%t

"et t!e Telegraph reorts t!at Fthepro7ect has beenapproed byAmsterdams citycouncil# >onstruction

wor" lasting up to ;(years" is e/pected tobegin in ;(&3#I

-Ma"be t!e" s!ould build it and use it

as a penal colony#



Amsterdam1 80

K0 $



Four ma;or t!rusts V

/. Rolling out the citycentre

;# %nterweaing metropolitan landscape

and city

'# The rediscoery of thewaterfront

<# %nternationaliJation of southern!an

lli h i



&# Rolling out the citycentre/. Almost all t!e neig!bour!oods

it!in t!e A&( orbitalmotorway no disla" %it"-%entre traits.

;# ?iing within the ring roadis !ig!l" desirable1 t!e ar2s int!is area are attra%ting moreand more isitors1 and for%reatie and 2noledge-basedenterrises t!is area is t!eideal business lo%ation.

3. The abundance and arietyof amenities in t!e nort!ernart of t!e Pi; and ld-#estneig!bour!oods %an rett"

mu%! !old t!eir on againstt!ose in t!e !istori%al inner



=ne of thespatial trends is

that

Amsterda

msmetropoli

tan centreis being

used

K 5eeral neig!bour!oods t!at



K. 5eeral neig!bour!oods t!atere out of faour not so longago are no being setonards and uards in t!isKroll1out of the city centre#

:. ,!is 'ma;or t!rust emanatesfrom t!e enormous magnetismof t!e heart of Amsterdamfor countless people"enterprises and institutions#

6. 4oeer1 t!e scarcity ofspace means t!at eole are

ala"s for%ed to sear%! a littlefurt!er out(

&rst in t!e /t!-%entur" distri%tsad;a%ent to t!e %it" %entre1 t!enin t!e surrounding belt of

deeloment realized in t!e/80s to /K0s1 and now the

; % t i t lit



;# %nterweaing metropolitanlandscape and city

/. ,!is means t!at t!e %it" is heaily

dependent on its immediatesurroundings#

8. #ell-!eeled Amsterdam residents

alread" soug!t t!eir recreation inthe circum7acent enironsduring the 4utch +olden Age#

'# >ountry estates sprung up in alldirectionsGto t!e est =along t!e IH atera">1sout! =alongside t!e Rier Amstel>1east =along t!e Rier Oe%!t> and

nort! =in t!e @eemster Polder>.



Amsterdamis surroundedb" a !ig!l"dierse

lands%ae1t!e so-%alledmetroolitanlands%ae.Thispenetratesfar into thecity in theform ofwedges ofgreenery"whichincreasethe citysappeal andresentsAmsterdam

it! t!eossibilit" of



K. ,!at lands%ae as in%ororatedinto Cornelis an esterens /3:eneral ?tension Plan =AUP> asgreen wedges penetrating intothe e/panding city#

:. The landscape was partly agien =t!e Rier Amstel and t!e IHinlet> and partly constructed=t!e manmade Amsterdamse @osoodland ar2 and t!e 5loterlasla2e>.

6. ,!e ambition of t!e 5tru%turalOision is to eep the greenwedges green" improe theiraccessibility and ma2e t!em

more attra%tie for re%reationaluse.



'# The rediscoery of thewaterfront

/. ,!e IH atera" and t!e IHmeere?anse of ater !ae a arti%ularl"high e/periential alue and o9ermany possibilities for recreation#

;# The waterfronts and shorelinesoJer %ountless oortunities for urbandeeloment1 ese%iall" in t!eobsolete port precincts andindustrial Jones#

3. Amsterdam and t!e aan region %anbe !"si%all" interconnected iathe %5 waterfront and the bans ofthe Rier :aan#



The water in and around the city is of one of the Lualitiesthat distinguishes Amsterdam from most other metropolises#

The awareness that this is a huge asset for the city will onlygrow stronger#



'# The deelopment of thesecond phase of IHburg and t!e

eeburger Island1 Amsterdam ill0nally gain a new Kcity lobe" %omarable it! Amsterdam-5out!east =t!e @i;lmer> and@uiteneldertEAmsteleen.

K. Due to all t!ese deeloments1 t!eIH atera" is be%omingin%reasingl" %entral it!in t!emetroolitan footrint1 !ile itcontinues to ran among the

busiest inland shipping routesin the etherlands.

:. A deli%ate tas2 is t!e ugrading oft!e natural ualities of t!e IHmeer1

< %nternationaliJation of southern !an



<# %nternationaliJation of southern !an

/. 5tation-uid1 at t!e !eart of uidas1 ill be%ome one of t!emost important public transport hubs in theetherlands#

8. ,!e main drier of t!ese deeloments is t!e large bundle ofinfrastru%ture t!at lin2s Amsterdam it! t!e ot!ermuni%ialities in t!e Randstad %onurbation1 it! t!e rest of t!eGet!erlands1 it! uroe and1 ia 5%!i!ol Airort1 it! t!eorld.

3. Ge initiaties su%! as t!e deeloment of t!e %orridorbeteen 5%!i !ol Air ort and uidas and t!e furt!er

A t d



References M httpGNNwww#amsterdam#nlNwonen1

leefomgeingNstructuurisieNstructural1ision1amNfour1ma7or1thrusts internationale

Amsterdamssout!ern <an2is a su%%ession

of massie

ro;e%ts( thee/pansion

of SchipholAirport" the

deelopment of

:uidas andthe

intensi0cation of theresidential

andbusiness

areas in



M,AP4R F ,4 CI,L

Amsterdam as A ater Cit"



Amsterdam as A ater Cit"



comes O

gre around a dam on Amstel rier in ast.

tuall" t!e" deeloed t!e %anal s"stem and e?ansed t!e %it" boundries.

ture t!e" for%using on deeloing t!e aterfront and underneat! t!e %anal s"s



!tt(EE%it"breat!s.%omEtaggedEAmsterdam

!tt(EEen.i2iedia.orgEi2iEAmsterdam

!tt(EE!%.unes%o.orgEenElistE9:

'e#erences :

http://citybreaths.com/tagged/Amsterdam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/759

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/759

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam

http://citybreaths.com/tagged/Amsterdam

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Mud Morpho - Final