Mubarik Ahmed - fao.org.pk · Mubarik Ahmed (Director General) ... In Pakistan, pesticides use has increased to 25 times of the quantity used in 1982. ... exporters. Title: Pesticide

Mubarik Ahmed (Director General)

Southernzone Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Karachi

In the last two decade use of pesticides in developing world has increased.

In Pakistan, pesticides use has increased to 25 times of the quantity used in 1982.

The indiscriminate use of pesticide has imposed not only tremendous economical losses but also unacceptable hazards to human health. About 60-70% of pesticide poisoning cases are reported due to occupational exposures.

About 12% of the total use of pesticides in Pakistan is on fruits and vegetables dominated by Baluchistan and KPK.

Pakistan exports a variety of fruits to many countries. Among these mango, dates and citrus fruits are important. The indiscriminate use of pesticides on these commodities is going to threaten the exports.

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Source: http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_12/02-Agriculture.pdf

Reasons for EU rejections of food products from Pakistan, 2002-2008

4

Fruits

App

le

Apr

icot

B

anan

a

D

ates

Gra

pes

Gra

pe fr

uit

Le

mon

M

ango

M

usk

Mel

on

Ora

nge

Pe

ach

Po

meg

rana

te

Tot

al

No of samples analyzed

269 12 20 20 08 68 19 148

35 220 12 07 838

List of pesticides detected with exceeded MRL in…

1 commodity 2 commodities 3 commodities 4 commodities 5 commodities 6 commodities 7 commodities

Azifenphos -methyl Fenpropathion Carbendazim Mencozeb Dicofol Methidathion Profenophos Abamectin

Fenvalerate Me-Parathion Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Fenvalerate Thiabendazole Bifenthrin Carbosulfan Malathian Imidacloprid

Endofsulfan Methamidophos Monocrotophos Benomyl Metalaxyl Carbofuran

Deltamethrin

Chlorpyrifos Ethion

Nil Cyhalothrin

List of pesticides detected with exceeded MRL in….

>=20 samples >=15 samples >=10 samples >=5 samples <5 samples

Ethion (22) Benomyl (26)

Endosulfan (18) Cyfluthrin (16) Cyhalothrin (17) Fenvalerate (18) Carbofuran (15)

Chlorpyrifos (11) Thiabendazole (14) Metalaxyl (13) Bifenthrin (13)

Azifenphos-methyl (08) Fenvalerate (08) Methamidaphos (07) Deltamethrin (05) Carbosulfan (06) Imidacloprid (05) Profenophos (08)

Me-parathion (03) Monocrotophos (03) Cypermethrin (03) Fenpropathian (01) Malathian (03) Carbendazim (01) Mancozeb (01) Dicofol (03) Methidathion (01) Abamectin (04)

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32.71

8.65 8.65 6.39

2.63

40.98

Perc

ent o

f sam

ples

Contaminated by 1 pesticide

Contaminated by 2 pesticides




Contaminated by NO pesticide

Total number of samples analyzed = 269

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Perc

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f sam

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Contaminated by 1 pesticide Contaminated by 2 pesticides Contaminated by 3 pesticides Contaminated by 4 pesticides Contaminated by NO pesticides


0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Chlo

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1999-2001 2005-07 2008-09


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1999-2000 1999-2001 2005-07 2008-09


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40

45

50

Cypermethrin Endosulfan Cyhalothrin

% s

ampl

es e

xcee

ded

MR

L

1990-92

2005-07

2008-09


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Methamidaphos Endosulfan

% s

ampl

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2005-07 2008-09


Commodity No of samples analyzed

Residues % of samples contaminated

% of samples exceeded MRL

Pesticide exceeded MRL

Mango 83 Endosulfan, Lamda-Cyhalothrin Methamidaphos, Monocrotophos Thiophnate-Me, Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin Cyhalothrin, Metalaxyl, Thiodicarb Imidacloprid, Cyfluthrin, Fenpropathian, Cypermethrin Acetampirid, Penconazole, Trichlorophon, Profenophos

73.5% 28.9% Endosulfan Methamidophos Monocrotophos Bifenthrin Cyfluthrin Imidacloprid

Citrus 28 Cypermethrin, Metalaxyl, Profenphos, Bifenthrin, Monocrotophos, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Methamidophos

78.5% 17.8% Cypermethrin Profenophos, Monocroptophos Methamidophos

Dates 08 Endosulfan Deltamethrin Imidacloprid

50% 37.5% Endosulfan Deltamethrin Imidacloprid

Commodity No of samples analyzed

Residues % of samples contaminated

% of samples exceeded MRL

Pesticide exceeded MRL

Chiku 01 DDT Profenophos Thiodicarb

100% 0% N/A

Falsa 01 N/A 0% 0% N/A

Guava 01 Methidathion Trichlorofon

100% 100% Methidathion Trichlorofon

Jaman 01 N/A 0% 0% N/A

Musk Melon 06 Monocrotophos, BHC, Methidathion,Imidacloprid Profenophos, Cypermethrin Methamidophos, Mancozeb Carbofuran, Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Cyhalothrin

100% 100% Monocrotophos, BHC, Methidathion,Imidacloprid Profenophos, Cypermethrin Methamidophos, Mancozeb Carbofuran, Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Cyhalothrin

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

App

le

Apr

icot

Bana

na

Dat

es

Gra

pes

Gra

pe fr

uits

Lem

on

Man

go

Mus

k M

elon

Ora

nge

Peac

h

Pom

egra

nate

Perc

ent o

f sam

ples

% of samples with exceeded MRL

% of samples within permisible limits

% of samples with no residues

Samples free of pesticides

40%

Samples contamination within

MRL 39%

Samples contaminated with

exceeded MRL 21%

Apple 50.34ppm Carbofuran

Apricot 62.81ppm Methamidophos

Date 15.17ppm Endosulfan

Mango 316.52ppm Methamidophos

Musk Melon 58.75ppm Fenvalerate

Orange 40.45ppm Benomyl

Locations % samples

found free of pesticides

% samples contaminated within MRL

% samples contaminated with

exceeded MRL

Upper Sindh (Sukkur, Khairpur, N. Feroz and Dadu)

43% 57% 21%

Lower Sindh (Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Badin, Thatta and Karachi

14% 43% 32%

Punjab (Especially selected for kinno) 13.6% 72.7% 13.6%

Fruits Contaminated Pesticide Residues

Samples Analyzed >MRLs

F. E. F. E. F. E. F. E.

Mango 62 34 21 10 83 44 25 26

Citrus 22 20 6 8

Dates 4 2 4 8 28 28 5 14

Others 8 10 3 3 8 10 3 1

Total 96 66 34 29 130 95 40 (30.7%)

45 (47.4%)

F = Farmer Field E= Exporter

Source: Studies on monitoring of contaminants (Toxic Metal & Pesticide Residues) in exportable food commodities, GQTL, Karachi (2005-2007).

Fruits

Group of Pesticides

Pesticide Residues

Farm - Fields No. of Samples Contaminated

No. of > MRLs Samples

Commodities

Organo-chlorine Citrus Mango Other fruits

- - 25

- - -

11

Organophosphate Mango, citrus, Dates, other fruits

72 33

Carbamates Other fruits, Mango

6 1

Parathyroid Mango, citrus, Dates

70 6

Neo-Nicotinoid

Mango, Date, Other fruits

19 4 Contd……

Source: Studies on monitoring of contaminants (Toxic Metal & Pesticide Residues) in exportable food commodities, GQTL, Karachi (2005-2007).

Farm Fields and Exporters

Commodity Fruits (Farms)

Fruits (Exporters)

Vegetables Farm/Field

Vegetables (Exporters)

Total

No. of samples analyzed

130 95 145 115 485

No of samples contaminated

96 66 99 73 334

No of samples exceeding MRLs

40 45 56 48 189

No of samples complying / limits with

34 29 46 40 151

Source: GQTL , Karachi (2005-2007)

In Pakistan, the farmers are untrained and have limited knowledge about

serious threats of hazardous effects of agro-chemicals (mainly pesticides).

The application of pesticides is therefore uncontrolled in Pakistan.

More oftenly in last two decades, detection of pesticides above

recommended range in fruits have restricted Pakistan to expand

international market access.

Despite having a great potential in Pakistan to produce quality fruits in a

large quantity, Pakistan is not listed among top ten countries of fruits

exporters.

Documents

Mubarik Ahmed - fao.org.pk · Mubarik Ahmed (Director General) ... In Pakistan, pesticides use has increased to 25 times of the quantity used in 1982. ... exporters. Title: Pesticide