The Rev. J.W. Loguen, as a slave and as a freeman : a nar-

rative of real life / Loguen, Jermain Wesley [1859] Courtesy

of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The Civil Rights movement for African Americans in Tennessee began when the first blacks settled in the state in the eight-eenth century, and continues to this day.

During the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, great strides were made in the area of equal rights through the efforts of many blacks and whites act-ing sometimes individually but mainly in an organized fashion.

The emancipation brought by the Civil War resulted in the flourishing of black culture and the election of black officials, but also in race riots and Jim Crow laws. Students and activists in Tennessee’s major cities were influential leaders in the mod-ern Civil Rights movement, which culmi-nated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS AND ADDITIONAL

ONLINE RESOURCES

Civil Rights primary sources are great for teaching about Slavery, the Civil War, the Great Depression, and just about every era in American history, in addition to the modern movement of the 1950s and 60s. Sources about the struggle for political and social equality also open up debates that resonate with current events.

Use the Library of Congress Web site (starting with the links and images you see here) to find sources that speak to both sides of a civil rights debate. Have students di-vide into two groups to represent both sides. Such activ-ities can strengthen skills in historical context, points of view, and empathy.

How has the civil rights movement evolved through the different eras of American History? How does it define American culture? How do documents, photographs, and sound recordings capture different aspects of the struggle?

From the Library of Congress:

Teachers Page, Themed Resources: Civil Rights

African American History Month

African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizen-ship

Brown v. Board of Education at Fifty

Voices of Civil Rights

Today in History, March 7: First March from Selma

Today in History, December 1: Rosa Parks Arrested

Also see:

“Civil Rights Movement” from the Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture

“Sit-ins, Nashville” from the TN Encyclopedia

Teaching with Primary Sources — MTSU

PRIMARY SOURCE SET The Civil Rights Movement in Tennessee

Johnsonville, Tenn. Camp of Tennes-

see Colored Battery [1864]

Rappahannock River, Va. Fugitive Afri-can Americans fording the Rappahan-nock [1862]

Slavery's passed away; Pete. 1888 Courtesy of Duke University

U.S. Serial Set, Number 1274 House Report 101, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Pages 2 through 36, Memphis Riots and Massacres [1866; detail]

Race Riot Started at Nashville, Tenn. [from newspaper] [1918; detail] Courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society

Interview. Scott Martin. [between 1936 & 1938; detail]

AUDIO RECORDINGS:

Folk song: Cornfield Song by

Henry Truvillion [1939]

Veterans History Project interview:

Elvyn V. Davidson (excerpt

about segregation)

Mary Church Terrell, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front [between 1880 and 1900, printed later]

The progress of col-ored women / by Mary Church Ter-rell ... [1898]

Fish restaurant for colored in the quarter cotton hoers are recruit-ed. Memphis, Tennessee. [1937]

Cotton hoers loading at Memphis, Tennessee for the day's work in Ar-kansas [1937]

Henry Truvillion and wife, in the garden, near Newton, Texas [between 1934 and 1950]

Clinton, TN. School integration conflicts [1956] (left, above)

IMAGES IN THUMBNAILS WHICH DO NOT EXPAND

(i.e., under uncertain copyright):

Billboard with photograph of Dr. Martin Luther King and others seated in a classroom at the Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tenn.; caption reads: Martin Luther King at Communist Training School

Saturday afternoon outside a movie house in Nash-ville, Tennessee - altercation as Negro tries to attend

Nashville police officer wielding nightstick holds Af-rican American youth at bay during a civil rights march in Nashville, Tennessee

John Lewis being ushered into a police patrol wagon during a racial demonstration in Nashville, Tenn., as a number of people watch

Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides

Fisk University, Jubilee Hall, Seven-teenth Avenue, North, Nashville, Da-vidson County, TN (3. West side and south front / HABS TENN,19-NASH,7A-3)

John Lewis at a meeting of American Society of Newspa-per Editors, bust portrait, seat-ed at a table before a micro-phone [1964]

CITATIONS: CIVIL RIGHTS IN TENNESSEE

Teachers: Providing these primary source replicas without source clues may enhance the inquiry experience for students. This list of citations is supplied for reference purposes to you and your students. We have followed the Chicago Manual of Style format, one of the formats recommended by the Library of Congress, for each entry be-low, minus the access date. The access date for each of these entries is February 4, 2010. Loguen, Jermain Wesley. The Rev. J.W. Loguen, as a Slave and as a Freeman: a Narrative of Real Life. Biography. From Library of Congress/University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Academic Affairs Library, The Church in the Southern Black Community. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/uncall:@field(DOCID+@lit(AZC-3375%20%20%20)). “[Johnsonville, Tenn. Camp of Tennessee Colored Battery].” Photograph. 1864. From Library of Congress, Selected Civil War photographs, 1861-1865. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/cwar:@field(NUMBER+@band(cwp+4a39751)). O'Sullivan, Timothy H., photographer. “ [Rappahannock River, Va. Fugitive African Americans fording the Rappa-hannock].” Photograph. August 1862. From Library of Congress, African American Odyssey. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cwp+4a39514)). Harrigan, Edward, lyricist. David Braham, composer. Slavery's passed away; Pete. Sheet music. New York, New York, Wm. A. Pond, 1888. From Library of Congress/Duke University, Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/dukesm:@field(DOCID+@lit(ncdhasm.b0393)). “Memphis Riots and Massacre” U.S. Serial Set, Number 1274 House Report 101, 39th Congress, 1st Session. Wash-ington, July 25, 1866. From Library of Congress, A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Docu-ments and Debates, 1774 - 1875. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llss&fileName=1200/1274/llss1274.db&recNum=10. “Race Riot Started at Nashville, Tenn. [from newspaper] “ Cleveland Advocate. Volume 05, Issue no. 29, 11/23/1918. From Library of Congress/Ohio Historical Society, The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaeo:@field(DOCID+@lit(o7839)). “Interview. Scott Martin.” WPA Slave Narrative Project, Tennessee Narratives, Volume 15. From Library of Con-gress, Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mesnbib:@field(DOCID+@lit(mesn/150/043040)). “[Mary Church Terrell, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front].” Photograph. Between 1880 and 1900, printed later. From Library of Congress, By Popular Demand: "Votes for Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850-1920. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/suffrg:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3b47842)). Terrell, Mary Church. The Progress of Colored Women. Washington, D.C.: Smith Brothers, printers ..., [1898]. Pam-phlet. From Library of Congress, From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1824-1909. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbaapcbib:@field(NUMBER+@od1(rbaapc+29101)). Lange, Dorothea, photographer. “Fish restaurant for colored in the quarter cotton hoers are recruited. Memphis, Tennessee.” Photograph. June-July 1937. From Library of Congress, America from the Great Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/fsaall:@field(NUMBER+@band(fsa+8b32154)).

CITATIONS cont.

Lange, Dorothea, photographer. “Cotton hoers loading at Memphis, Tennessee for the day's work in Arkansas.” Photograph. June 1937. From Library of Congress, America from the Great Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/fsaall:@field(NUMBER+@band(fsa+8b15344)). Truvillion, Henry, performer. “Cornfield Song.” Sound Recording. May 18, 1939. From Library of Congress, The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/lomaxbib:@field(DOCID+@lit(l2662a1)). Elvyn V. Davidson, interview by G. Kurt Piehler. From Library of Congress American Folklife Center, Veterans History Project. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.30014/. Lomax, Ruby T. (Ruby Terrill), photographer. “[Henry Truvillion and wife, in the garden, near Newton, Texas].” Photograph. [between 1934 and 1950] . From Library of Congress, The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/lomaxbib:@field(NUMBER+@od1(cph+3b14269)). O'Halloran, Thomas J. photographer. “Clinton, TN. School integration conflicts.” Photograph. December 4, 1956. From Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003654353/ . O'Halloran, Thomas J. photographer. “Clinton, TN. School integration conflicts.” Photograph. September 1, 1956. From Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003654352/ . Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides. Map. Associated Press Newsfeature, New York. 1962. From Library of Con-gress, African American Odyssey. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(aaohtml+0904)). “Fisk University, Jubilee Hall, Seventeenth Avenue, North, Nashville, Davidson County, TN. West side and south front, HABS TENN,19-NASH,7A-3.” Photograph. Post 1933. From Library of Congress, Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, 1933-Present.

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hh:@field(DOCID+@lit(TN0017)).

Trikosko, Marion S. photographer. “John Lewis at a meeting of American Society of Newspaper Editors, bust por-trait, seated at a table before a microphone.” Negative: film. April 16. 1964. From Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003688130/.

Additional links provided are hyperlinked to their bibliographic information and are not included in this list of citations.