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The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System
Specialized tissue that enable theSpecialized tissue that enable the
body and its parts to move.body and its parts to move.
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A nterior View A nterior View
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P osterior ViewP osterior View
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TRIVI A!TRIVI A!How many muscles are there in the human body?
A nswer: 640 MusclesThe muscles make up about 40 % of the body mass.
W hat is the longest muscle in the body?A nswer: The S artoriusThe S artorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and across to theinside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards.
W hat is the smallest muscle in the body?A nswer: The S tapediusThe S tapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner
than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.
W hat is the biggest muscle in the body?A nswer: The G luteus MaximusThe G luteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the legbackwards powerfully for walking and running.
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F unctions of the MusclesF unctions of the Muscles
MovementMovementMaintenance of posture and muscleMaintenance of posture and muscle
tonetoneHeat productionHeat productionP rotects the bones and internalP rotects the bones and internalorgans.organs.
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Muscle ClassificationMuscle Classification
F unctionallyF unctionallyVoluntarilyVoluntarily can be moved at willcan be moved at will
InvoluntarilyInvoluntarily cant be movedcant be movedintentionallyintentionally
StructurallyStructurallyStriatedStriated have stripes across the fiber have stripes across the fiber SmoothSmooth no striationsno striations
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T he 3 T ypes of MusclesT he 3 T ypes of Muscles
Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle
3 Types of Muscles
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Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
F ibers are thinF ibers are thinand spindleand spindle
shaped.shaped.No striationsNo striationsSingle nucleiSingle nuclei
InvoluntaryInvoluntaryContracts slowlyContracts slowly
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Smooth MuscleSmooth MuscleThey fatigue but very slowly They fatigue but very slowly Found in the circulatory systemFound in the circulatory system
Lining of the blood vesselsLining of the blood vesselsHelps in the circulation of the bloodHelps in the circulation of the blood
Found in the digestive systemFound in the digestive systemEsophagus, stomach, intestineEsophagus, stomach, intestineControls digestionControls digestion
Found in the respiratory systemFound in the respiratory systemControls breathingControls breathing
Found in the urinary systemFound in the urinary systemUrinary bladderUrinary bladderControls urinationControls urination
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Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Cells are branchedCells are branchedand appear fusedand appear fusedwith one another with one another Has striationsHas striationsEach cell has aEach cell has acentral nucleicentral nuclei
InvoluntaryInvoluntary
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C ardiac MuscleC ardiac Muscle
Found ONLY in the heartFound ONLY in the heartC ontractions of the heart musclesC ontractions of the heart muscles
pump blood throughout the body andpump blood throughout the body andaccount for the heartbeat.account for the heartbeat.Healthy cardiac muscle NEVER fatiguesHealthy cardiac muscle NEVER fatigues
or elseor else
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Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
F ibers are long andF ibers are long andcylindricalcylindrical
Has many nucleiHas many nucleiHas striationsHas striations
Have alternatingHave alternatingdark and light bandsdark and light bands
VoluntaryVoluntary
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Sk eletal MuscleSk eletal Muscle
Attached to s k eleton by tendonsAttached to s k eleton by tendonsC auses movement of bones at theC auses movement of bones at the
joints. joints.And yes they do fatigueAnd yes they do fatigueMuscle fatigue activityMuscle fatigue activity whatwhat
substance forms causing musclesubstance forms causing musclefatigue???fatigue???
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F unctions of Skeletal MuscleF unctions of Skeletal Muscle
MovementMovement muscle move bones bymuscle move bones bypulling not pushing.pulling not pushing.
SynergistsSynergists any movement is generallyany movement is generallyaccomplished by more than one muscle. A llaccomplished by more than one muscle. A llof the muscles responsible for the movementof the muscles responsible for the movementare synergists.are synergists.
The one that is most responsible for theThe one that is most responsible for themovement is themovement is the P rime Mover (agonist)P rime Mover (agonist). .
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F unctions of Skeletal MuscleF unctions of Skeletal Muscle
MovementMovementA ntagonists A ntagonists muscles and muscle groupsmuscles and muscle groupsusually work in pairsusually work in pairs
example the biceps flex your arm and itsexample the biceps flex your arm and itspartner the triceps extend your arm. The twopartner the triceps extend your arm. The twomuscles aremuscles are antagonistsantagonists, i.e. cause opposite, i.e. cause opposite
actions.actions. when one contracts the other relaxes.when one contracts the other relaxes.LevatorsLevators muscle that raise a body part.muscle that raise a body part.
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All skeletal muscles have fascicles
F ascicle arrangement allows
different functions of muscles
parallel (fusiform)--strappennate (feather)
convergentfan, triangle
circular (sphincter)squeeze
Fascicle ArrangementFascicle Arrangement
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D etermined by fascicular D etermined by fascicular arrangementarrangement
Skeletal muscle shortens to 70%of resting length
parallel--shorter, not powerfulpennate--lots of fibers, powerful
Pow er and Range of M o ti o n
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P ennate MusclesP ennate Muscles
U nipennate ::fibers on 1 side of tendonfibers on 1 side of tendon e.g.,e.g., extensor extensor digitorumdigitorum
B ipennate:fibers on both sides of tendonfibers on both sides of tendon e.g.,e.g., rectusrectus femorisfemoris
Figure 11 1c, d, e
tendon branches within muscle e.g., deltoidMultipennateMultipennate ::Form angle with tendon
D on t move as far as
parallel muscles C ontain more myofibrils
than parallel muscles D evelop more tension
than parallel muscles
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F unctions of Skeletal MuscleF unctions of Skeletal Muscle
Maintenance of posture or muscle toneMaintenance of posture or muscle toneWe are able to maintain our body position becauseWe are able to maintain our body position becauseof tonic contractions in our skeletal muscles. Theseof tonic contractions in our skeletal muscles. These
contractions dont produce movement yet hold our contractions dont produce movement yet hold our muscles in position.muscles in position.
Heat productionHeat production contraction of musclescontraction of muscles
produces most of the heat required to maintainproduces most of the heat required to maintainbody temperature.body temperature.
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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle
Composed of striated muscle cells (=muscleComposed of striated muscle cells (=musclefibers) and connective tissue.fibers) and connective tissue.
Most muscles attach to 2 bones that have aMost muscles attach to 2 bones that have a
moveable joint between them.moveable joint between them.The attachment to the bone that does not move is theThe attachment to the bone that does not move is theoriginorigin..The attachment to the bone that moves is theThe attachment to the bone that moves is the insertioninsertion. .
TendonsTendons anchor muscle firmly to bones. Tendonsanchor muscle firmly to bones. Tendonsare made of dense fibrous connective tissue.are made of dense fibrous connective tissue.LigamentsLigaments connect bone to bone at a joint.connect bone to bone at a joint.
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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle
BursaeBursae small fluid filled sacs that liesmall fluid filled sacs that liebetween some tendons and the bonesbetween some tendons and the bonesbeneath them. They are made of beneath them. They are made of connective tissue and are lined withconnective tissue and are lined withsynovial membrane that secretes synovialsynovial membrane that secretes synovialfluid.fluid.
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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle
Contribution of the nervous systemContribution of the nervous systemElectrochemical impulses travel from theElectrochemical impulses travel from thefrontal lobesfrontal lobes of the cerebrum viaof the cerebrum via motor motor
nervesnerves to the muscle fibers and cause themto the muscle fibers and cause themto contract.to contract.Sensation is a function of the brainSensation is a function of the brain impulses are integrated in theimpulses are integrated in the parietalparietal lobeslobes
of the cerebrum (conscious muscle sense)of the cerebrum (conscious muscle sense)and in theand in the cerebellumcerebellum (unconscious). These(unconscious). Theseactivities promoteactivities promote coordinationcoordination. .
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Anatomy of s k eletal muscles
Sk eletalmusclefiber (cell)
MuscleFascicle
S urrounded byperimysium
S urrounded byendomysium
endomysium
perimysium
Sk eletalmuscle
S urrounded byepimysium
epimysiumtendon
P lay I P A natomy of Skeletal muscles (I P p. 4-6)
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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle
Microscopic anatomyMicroscopic anatomyMuscle cells (fibers) are grouped in a highlyMuscle cells (fibers) are grouped in a highlyorganized way in the muscle. The membrane thatorganized way in the muscle. The membrane thatsurrounds the muscle cell is called thesurrounds the muscle cell is called the sarcolemmasarcolemma. .Muscle cells are filled with 2 types of fine threadlikeMuscle cells are filled with 2 types of fine threadlikeproteins called myofilaments:proteins called myofilaments: myosinmyosin (thick) and(thick) andactinactin (thin). These structures slide past each other (thin). These structures slide past each other causing the muscle cell to contract or shorten.causing the muscle cell to contract or shorten.
The myofilaments are arranged in the cells in smallThe myofilaments are arranged in the cells in smallunits calledunits called sarcomeressarcomeres. .
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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle
Neuromuscular junctionNeuromuscular junctionSpot where the axon of aSpot where the axon of a motor nervemotor nerve nearsnearsthe muscle fiber.the muscle fiber.
The axon terminal does not touch the muscleThe axon terminal does not touch the musclebut comes close. The space between thebut comes close. The space between theaxon and the muscle cell is called theaxon and the muscle cell is called thesynapsesynapse. .
Within the terminal end of the axon are smallWithin the terminal end of the axon are smallsacs filled with asacs filled with a neurotransmitter neurotransmitter calledcalledacetylcholineacetylcholine. .
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Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction
SequenceSequenceElectrical impulse travels down a motor Electrical impulse travels down a motor neuron. When it reaches the end,neuron. When it reaches the end,
acetylcholine (chemical) is released into theacetylcholine (chemical) is released into thesynapse.synapse.A cetylcholine bind to special receptors on A cetylcholine bind to special receptors onthe muscle cell and causes an electricalthe muscle cell and causes an electrical
impulse to spread over the cell.impulse to spread over the cell.The sarcomeres shorten and the muscle cellThe sarcomeres shorten and the muscle cellcontracts.contracts.
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MU SC LE
MU SC LEFIB ER
MYOFI B RIL
S ARC OMERE
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Sarcomere
Z ZZ
Z ZZ
I
A A
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Movement of MusclesMovement of Muscles
Origin:Origin: the attachment of the attachment of the muscle to the bonethe muscle to the bonethat remains stationarythat remains stationary
Insertion:Insertion: the attachmentthe attachmentof the muscle to the boneof the muscle to the bonethat movesthat moves
Belly:
Belly: the fleshy part of the fleshy part of the muscle between thethe muscle between the
tendons of origin and/or tendons of origin and/or insertioninsertion
origin
insertion
belly
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Movement of s k eletal muscleMovement of s k eletal muscle
T hese muscles move when the brainT hese muscles move when the brainsends messages to the musclesends messages to the muscle
Always wor k
in pairsAlways wor k
in pairs2 movements of s k eletal muscle2 movements of s k eletal muscle
C ontraction (shorten)C ontraction (shorten)Extension (lengthen)Extension (lengthen)
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Categories of Categories of
skeletal muscle actionsskeletal muscle actionsCategoriesCategories A ctions A ctions
Extensor Extensor Increases the angle at a jointIncreases the angle at a jointFlexor Flexor D ecreases the angle at a jointD ecreases the angle at a jointAbductor Abductor Moves limb away from midline of bodyMoves limb away from midline of bodyAdductor Adductor Moves limb toward midline of bodyMoves limb toward midline of body
Levator Levator Moves insertion upwardMoves insertion upwardD epressor D epressor Moves insertion downwardMoves insertion downwardRotator Rotator Rotates a bone along its axisRotates a bone along its axisS phincter S phincter Constricts an openingConstricts an opening
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Practice these MovementsPractice these Movements
1.1. B end armB end arm-- biceps biceps contractcontract
-- tricepstriceps extendextend2 .2 . Straighten armStraighten arm
-- biceps biceps extendextend-- tricepstriceps contractcontract
3 . B end knee3 . B end knee-- quadricepsquadriceps extendextend-- hamstringshamstrings contractcontract
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4 . Straighten knee4 . Straighten knee-- quadricepsquadriceps contractcontract-- hamstringshamstrings extendextend
5 .5 . CrunchesCrunches-- abdomenabdomen contractcontract-- back muscles back muscles extendextend
6.
6. P
oint toesP
oint toes-- calf musclecalf muscle contractcontract-- shin muscleshin muscle extendextend
More MovementsMore Movements
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Naming Sk eletal MusclesNaming Sk eletal Muscles
Location of the muscleLocation of the muscleShape of the muscleShape of the muscleRelative Size of the muscleRelative Size of the muscleD irection/Orientation of the muscleD irection/Orientation of the musclefibers/cellsfibers/cellsNumber of OriginsNumber of OriginsLocation of the A ttachmentsLocation of the A ttachmentsA ction of the muscle A ction of the muscle
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Muscles Named by LocationMuscles Named by Location
EpicraniusEpicranius(around cranium)(around cranium)
T ibialis anterior T ibialis anterior (front of tibia)(front of tibia)tibialisanterior
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Naming Sk eletal MusclesNaming Sk eletal Muscles
S hape:S hape:deltoid (triangle)deltoid (triangle)
trapezius (trapezoid, 2trapezius (trapezoid, 2
parallel sides)parallel sides)serratus (sawserratus (saw- -toothed)toothed)
rhomboideusrhomboideus(rhomboid, 4 parallel(rhomboid, 4 parallelsides)sides)
orbicularis andorbicularis and
sphincters (circular)sphincters (circular)
Rh omboideusmajor
Trapezius
Deltoid
Serratus anterior
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maximus (largest)maximus (largest)minimis (smallest)minimis (smallest)
longus (longest)longus (longest)brevis (short)brevis (short)major (large)major (large)
minor (small)minor (small)
P soasmajor
P soasminor
Muscles Named by S izeMuscles Named by S ize
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Muscles Named byMuscles Named byD irection of FibersD irection of Fibers
Rectus (straight)Rectus (straight) parallel to longparallel to longaxisaxis
TransverseTransverse
ObliqueOblique
R ectusabdominis
Externaloblique
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Biceps (2)Biceps (2)
Triceps (3)Triceps (3)
Quadriceps (4)Quadriceps (4)
Muscles Named for Muscles Named for
Number of OriginsNumber of OriginsB iceps
brac h ii
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Muscles Named for Origin andMuscles Named for Origin and
InsertionInsertionS ternocleidomastoidS ternocleidomastoid
originates fromoriginates fromsternum and claviclesternum and clavicleand inserts onand inserts onmastoid process of mastoid process of temporal bonetemporal bone
origins
insertion
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Muscles Named for ActionMuscles Named for Action
F lexor carpi radialisF lexor carpi radialis(extensor carpi radialis)(extensor carpi radialis) flexes wristflexes wrist
Abductor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis(adductor pollicis)(adductor pollicis)
flexes thumbflexes thumb
A bductor magnus A bductor magnus abducts thighabducts thigh
Extensor digitorumExtensor digitorum extends fingersextends fingers
A dductormagnus
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Arrangement of FasciclesArrangement of Fascicles
ParallelParallelstrapstrap--likelikeex: sartoriusex: sartorius
FusiformFusiformspindle shapedspindle shapedex: biceps femorisex: biceps femoris
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Arrangement of FasciclesArrangement of Fascicles
PennatePennate"feather shaped"feather shaped
U nipennateU nipennate
ex: extensor ex: extensor digitorum longusdigitorum longus
B ipennateB ipennate
ex: rectus femorisex: rectus femoris
MultipennateMultipennateex: deltoidex: deltoid
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Arrangement of FasciclesArrangement of Fascicles
C onvergentC onvergentex: pectoralisex: pectoralismajor major
C ircular C ircular sphincterssphinctersex: orbicularis orisex: orbicularis oris
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There are about 60 muscles in the face.There are about 60 muscles in the face.
Smiling is easier than frowningSmiling is easier than frowning..I t takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.I t takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
Smile and make someone happySmile and make someone happy..
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CLINIC A L CORREL A TIONCLINIC A L CORREL A TION
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ExerciseExercise- -Induced Muscle D amageInduced Muscle D amageIntense exercise can cause muscle damageIntense exercise can cause muscle damage
electron micrographs reveal tornelectron micrographs reveal tornsarcolemmassarcolemmas, damaged myofibrils an, damaged myofibrils andisrupted Z discsdisrupted Z discsincreased blood levels of increased blood levels of myoglobinmyoglobin && creatinecreatinephosphate found only inside muscle cellsphosphate found only inside muscle cells
D elayed onset muscle sorenessD elayed onset muscle soreness12 to 48 Hours after strenuous exercise12 to 48 Hours after strenuous exercise
stiffness, tenderness and swelling due tostiffness, tenderness and swelling due tomicroscopic cell damagemicroscopic cell damage
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A trophy A trophywasting away of muscleswasting away of musclescaused by disuse (disuse atrophy) or severing of caused by disuse (disuse atrophy) or severing of the nerve supply (the nerve supply (denervationdenervation atrophy)atrophy)the transition to connective tissue can not bethe transition to connective tissue can not be
reversedreversedHypertrophyHypertrophy
increase in the diameter of muscle fibersincrease in the diameter of muscle fibers
resulting from very forceful, repetitive muscular resulting from very forceful, repetitive muscular activity and an increase in myofibrils, SR &activity and an increase in myofibrils, SR &mitochondriamitochondria
A i l M lA i l M l
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A xial Musculature A xial Musculature
A rises from and inserts on the axial A rises from and inserts on the axialskeletonskeletonP ositions the head and spinal columnP ositions the head and spinal columnMoves the rib cage, assisting inMoves the rib cage, assisting inbreathingbreathingA xial musculature Originates and inserts on axial skeletonA ppendicular musculature Stabilizes or moves components of the
appendicular skeleton
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A xial muscles organized into four A xial muscles organized into four groupsgroups
Muscles of the head and neckMuscles of the head and neck
Muscles of the vertebral columnMuscles of the vertebral columnOblique and rectus musclesOblique and rectus musclesMuscles of the pelvic floor Muscles of the pelvic floor
M l f th H d d N kM l f th H d d N k
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Muscles of the Head and NeckMuscles of the Head and Neck
Muscles of facial expressionMuscles of facial expression
Extrinsic eye musclesExtrinsic eye musclesMuscles of masticationMuscles of masticationMuscles of the tongueMuscles of the tongue
Muscles of the pharynxMuscles of the pharynxMuscles of the anterior neckMuscles of the anterior neck
M l f F i l E iM l f F i l E i
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Muscles of F acial ExpressionMuscles of F acial Expression
Originate on surface of skullOriginate on surface of skullLargest group associated with mouthLargest group associated with mouth
Orbicularis orisOrbicularis orisBuccinator Buccinator
Occipitofrontalis muscleOccipitofrontalis muscleMovement of eyebrows, forehead, scalpMovement of eyebrows, forehead, scalp
P latysmaP latysmaSkin of neck, depresses mandibleSkin of neck, depresses mandible
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Si ESi E O l (O l )O l (O l )
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Six ExtraSix Extra- -Ocular (Oculomotor)Ocular (Oculomotor)MusclesMuscles
Inferior rectusInferior rectusSuperior rectusSuperior rectusMedial rectusMedial rectusLateral rectusLateral rectus
Superior obliqueSuperior obliqueInferior obliqueInferior oblique
Muscles of MasticationMuscles of Mastication
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Muscles of MasticationMuscles of MasticationA ct on the mandible A ct on the mandible
Masseter Masseter TemporalisTemporalisP terygoid musclesP terygoid muscles
Muscles of the TongueMuscles of the Tongue
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Muscles of the TongueMuscles of the TongueNecessary for speech and swallowingNecessary for speech and swallowing
GenioglossusGenioglossusHyoglossusHyoglossusP alatoglossusP alatoglossus
StyloglossusStyloglossus
Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynx
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Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynxInitiate swallowingInitiate swallowing
P haryngeal constrictorsP haryngeal constrictorsLaryngeal elevatorsLaryngeal elevators
P alatopharyngeusP alatopharyngeus
SalpingopharyngeusSalpingopharyngeusStylopharyngeusStylopharyngeus
P alatal musclesP alatal muscles
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Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynx
A nterior Muscles of the NeckA nterior Muscles of the Neck
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A nterior Muscles of the Neck A nterior Muscles of the NeckF oundation for the muscles of the tongue andF oundation for the muscles of the tongue andpharynxpharynx
D igastricD igastricMylohyoidMylohyoid
StylohyoidStylohyoidSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid
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A nterior Muscles of the Neck A nterior Muscles of the Neck
Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral Column
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Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral ColumnCovered by a superficial layer of backCovered by a superficial layer of back
musclesmusclesTrapeziusTrapeziusLatissimus dorsiLatissimus dorsi
Superficial and deep layersSuperficial and deep layersS
uperficial muscles:Splenius musclesSpinal extensors
Spinalis Longissimus
IliocostalisLongissimus and iliocostalis merge inlumbar region
D eep muscles: Interconnect andstabilize the vertebrae
Transversospinal groupSemispinalisMultifidusRotatoresInterspinales
Intertransversarii
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Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral Column
Longus capitusLongus capitusLongus colliLongus colliRotate and flex the neckRotate and flex the neck
Quadratus lumborumQuadratus lumborummusclesmuscles
F lex the spineF lex the spineD epress the ribsD epress the ribs
M l f h V b l C lM l f h V b l C l
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Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral Column
The Oblique and RectusThe Oblique and Rectus
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Oblique muscles of neck Oblique muscles of neck and thorax and thorax ScalenesScalenesIntercostalsIntercostalsTransverses musclesTransverses muscles
I mportant in respirationI mportant in respiration
DiaphragmDiaphragmSeparates abdominopelvicSeparates abdominopelvicand thoracic cavitiesand thoracic cavities
Most important muscle inMost important muscle inrespirationrespiration
The Oblique and RectusThe Oblique and RectusMusclesMuscles
Oblique and Rectus MusclesRectus abdominusA bdominal oblique muscles
Compress underlyingorgans
Rotate the vertebralcolumnExternal obliquemuscleInternal obliquemuscle
Rectus abdominismuscle
e que an ec use que an ec us
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e que an ec use que an ec usMusclesMuscles
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The D iaphragmThe D iaphragm
Muscles of the P elvic F loorMuscles of the P elvic F loor
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Muscles of the P elvic F loor Muscles of the P elvic F loor Extend from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubisExtend from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubis
Support the organs of the pelvic cavitySupport the organs of the pelvic cavityF lex the joints of the sacrum and coccyxF lex the joints of the sacrum and coccyxControl movement of materials through anus and urethraControl movement of materials through anus and urethra
P erineum A nterior urogenital triangle
Urogenital diaphragm
P osterior anal triangleP elvic diaphragm
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Muscles of the P elvic F loor Muscles of the P elvic F loor
F i 10 15 M l f hF i 10 15 M l f h
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F igure 10.15c Muscles of theF igure 10.15c Muscles of theP elvic F loor P elvic F loor
A ppendicular musculature is A ppendicular musculature is
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ppendicular musculature isppendicular musculature isresponsible for responsible for
Stabilizing pectoral girdleStabilizing pectoral girdleStabilizing pelvic girdleStabilizing pelvic girdleMoving upper and lower limbsMoving upper and lower limbs
F our groups of musclesMuscles that position the pectoral girdle
Muscles that move the armMuscles that move the forearm and handMuscles that move the hand and fingers
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girdlegirdle
Trapezius muscleTrapezius muscleA ffects position of pectoral girdle, A ffects position of pectoral girdle,neck, headneck, head
Rhomboid musclesRhomboid musclesA dducts scapula A dducts scapulaD eep to trapeziusD eep to trapeziusInserts on scapulaInserts on scapula
Levator scapulae muscleLevator scapulae muscleElevates scapulaElevates scapula
Serratus anterior muscle
A bducts scapula Swings shoulder anteriorly Originates on ribsSubclavius and pectoralis minor muscles
A rise along ventral surface of ribs
D epress and protract shoulder
Muscles that Move the A rmMuscles that Move the A rm
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Muscles that Move the rmMuscles that Move the rmDeltoid and supraspinatusDeltoid and supraspinatus
Abduction at the shoulder
Abduction at the shoulder
S upscapularis and teresS upscapularis and teresmajor major
Rotate arm mediallyRotate arm mediallyI nfraspinatus and teresI nfraspinatus and teresminor minor
Rotate arm laterallyRotate arm laterally
Rotator cuff
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
F lexion and adduction at shouldePectoralis major muscle
F lexes shoulder A dducts and medially rotates armLatissumus dorsi muscle
Extends shoulder A dducts and medially rotates arm
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Muscles that Move the A rmMuscles that Move the A rm
Muscles of the pelvic girdle andMuscles of the pelvic girdle and
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Muscles of the pelvic girdle andMuscles of the pelvic girdle andlower limbslower limbs
Three groupsThree groupsMuscles that move the thighsMuscles that move the thighs
Muscles that move the legMuscles that move the legMuscles that move the foot and toesMuscles that move the foot and toes
Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the Thigh
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Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the ThighGluteal muscles cover lateralGluteal muscles cover lateralsurface of iliumsurface of ilium
Gluteus maximusGluteus maximusExtension and lateral rotation of hipExtension and lateral rotation of hipP ulls on iliotibial tractP ulls on iliotibial tract
Tensor fasciae latae muscleTensor fasciae latae muscle
P roduces flexion, abduction andP roduces flexion, abduction andmedial rotationmedial rotationP ulls on iliotibial tractP ulls on iliotibial tract
P iriformis and obturator muscles
Lateral rotatorsP soas major and iliacus
Merge to form iliopsoas P ower flexor of hip
A dductor group adductship
A dductor magnusmuscle
A dductor brevismuscle
A dductor longus
muscle P ectineus muscle Gracilis muscle
M scles that Mo e the Thigh
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Muscles that Move the Thigh
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Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the Thigh
Muscles that Move the LegMuscles that Move the Leg
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ggExtensor muscles of theExtensor muscles of thekneeknee
A nterior and lateral surfaces of A nterior and lateral surfaces of the thighthe thigh
F lexor muscles of the kneeF lexor muscles of the kneeP osterior and medial surfacesP osterior and medial surfaces
of the thighof the thighF lexors and adductorsF lexors and adductors
Originate on pelvic girdleOriginate on pelvic girdle
ExtensorsExtensorsOriginate at femoral surfaceOriginate at femoral surface
F lexors of the knee and extensors of hip
B iceps femoris S emimembranosus muscle S emitendinosus muscle
S artorius muscle
F lexor of kneePopliteal muscle Medial rotation of tibia Unlocks knee joint
Quadriceps femoris knee extensors Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus medialis muscle Rectus femoris muscle
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TT
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ToesToesGastrocnemius and soleus musclesGastrocnemius and soleus muscles
P lantar flexionP lantar flexion
Tibialis anterior Tibialis anterior D orsiflexionD orsiflexion
F ibularis musclesF ibularis musclesEversion and plantar flexionEversion and plantar flexion
Smaller muscles of calf and shin
P osition foot Move toes
P recise control of phalanges
Muscles on tarsal and metatarsal bones
Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearm
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Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearmand Handand Hand
Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii
F lexes elbowF lexes elbowSupinates forearmSupinates forearm
Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii
Extends elbowExtends elbow
Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearm
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and Handand HandBrachialis andBrachialis andbrachioradialisbrachioradialis
F lex the elbowF lex the elbowA nconeus muscle and A nconeus muscle andtriceps brachiitriceps brachii
Extend the elbow (opposeExtend the elbow (opposebrachialis)brachialis)
F lexor carpi ulnaris, flexor F lexor carpi ulnaris, flexor
carpi radialis, palmariscarpi radialis, palmarislonguslongusF lex the wristF lex the wristF lexor carpi ulnaris adductsF lexor carpi ulnaris adductswristwrist
F lexor carpi radialis abductsF lexor carpi radialis abducts
Extensor carpi radialis muscle
A bducts and extends wristExtensor carpi ulnaris muscle
A dducts and extends wristP
ronator teres, pronator quadratusmuscles
P ronate forearm without flexionor extension
Suppinator muscle
Opposes pronator muscles
Muscles that Move the Hand andMuscles that Move the Hand and
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Muscles that Move the Hand andMuscles that Move the Hand andF ingersF ingers
Superficial and deep muscles of Superficial and deep muscles of the forearmthe forearmLarge musclesLarge muscles
Tendons cross wristTendons cross wristSynovial tendon sheathsSynovial tendon sheathsThickened fasciaThickened fascia
Extensor retinaculum and flexor Extensor retinaculum and flexor retinaculumretinaculum
Carpal tunnel syndromeCarpal tunnel syndrome
Extrinsic Muscles that Move the Hand andExtrinsic Muscles that Move the Hand and
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F ingersF ingers
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Intrinsic Muscles, Tendons and Ligaments of Intrinsic Muscles, Tendons and Ligaments of
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the Handthe Hand