Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded M.Sc. Biotechnology Second Year

(Semester Pattern ) Syllabus June- 2010 M.Sc. Biotechnology Second Year (Third Semester)

Code No. Subject Title Teaching Periods / Week

Maximum Marks T/P (A)

Internal Test Marks (B)

Total Marks (A+B)

Duration of Exam (in Hrs)

BTT 3.1 Genetic Engineering 04 50 50 03

BTT 3..2 Enzymology and Protein Engineering

04 50 50 03

BTT 3.3 Microbial Biotechnology

04 50 50 03

BTT 3.4 Plant Biotechnology 04 50 50 03

BTP 3.1 Lab Course V Practical Based on BTT3.1 + BTT3.2

04+04 50 50 06

BTP 3.2 Lab Course VI Practical Based on BTT 3.3 + BTT 3.4

04+04 50 50 06

Total Marks = 300

M .Sc. . Biotechnology (Fourth Semester)

Code No. Subject Title Teaching Periods / Week

Maximum Marks T/P (A)

Internal Test Marks (B)

Total Marks (A+B)

Duration of Exam (in Hrs)

BTT 4.1 Food Biotechnology 04 50 50 03

BTT 4.2 Animal Biotechnology 04 50 50 03

BTT 4.3 Bioinformatics 04 50 50 03

BTT 4.4 Environmental Biotechnology

04 50 50 03

BTP 4.1

Lab Course VII Practical Based on (BTT 4.1 + BTT 4.2+ BTT 4.3+ BTT 4.4)

04+04 50 50 06

BTP 4.2 Lab Course VIII Dissertation

04+04 50 - 50 06

Total Marks = 300

Total Marks (Semester III+ Semester IV) 600

Note :-

1. Practical course to be conducted during the respective semesters. However the external examination of practical courses will be conducted only once. At the end of academic year annually.

2. Each theory course to be completed in 45 hours of 60minutes duration.

Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded

Scheme of Marking M.Sc. Biotechnology (Semester Pattern)

Class Semester Marks Total

M.Sc. I Yr. First semester 300 600

Second semester 300

M.Sc. II Yr. Third semester 300 600

Fourth semester 300

Total 1200

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern III -Semester

BTT-3.1 Genetic Engineering Marks : 50 Hours : 45

UNIT-I

Restriction endonucleases, Modification methylases and other enzymes needed in genetic

Engineering.

Cloning vectors: Plasmids and plasmid vectors, Phages and Phage Vectors, phagemids,

cosmids, artificial chromosome vectors ( YAC, BAG), Animal virus derived vectors - SV40

and retroviral vectors

UNIT-II

Molecular cloning: Recombinant DNA techniques, construction of genomic DNA and

cDNA libraries, screening of recombinants. Expression strategies for heterogonous genes

DNA analysis: labeling of DNA and RNA probes. Southern and fluorescence in situ

hybridization, DNA fingerprinting, chromosome walking.

UNIT-III

Techniques for gene expression: Northern and Western blotting, gel retardation

technique, DNA foot printing, Primer extension, SI mapping, Reporter assays

Sequencing of DNA, chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides,techniques of in vitro

mutagenesis, Site-directed mutagenesis, gene replacement and gene targeting.

Polymerase chain reaction and its applications

UNIT-IV

Use of transposons in genetic analysis: Transposon tagging and its use in

identification and isolation of genes.

Applications of genetic engineering: Transgenic animals, production of

recombinant pharmaceuticals, gene therapy, disease diagnosis

Biosafety regulation: Physical and Biological containment

Text & Reference:

1. Nicoll D.S.T. (2002) -An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2nd Edition,

Cambridge University Press, UK.

2. Watson J.D. (1996)-Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, USA.

3. Mahesh S. and Vedamurthy A.B. -Biotechnology-4 (rDNA Technology,

Environmental Biotechnology, Animal cell culture), New Age International

Publisher.

4. Brown T. A. (1998) - Gene Cloning: An Introduction. 3rd Edition, Stanley

Thornes.

5. Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J. (1998) -Molecular Biotechnology– Principles and

Applications of recombinant DNA. 2nd Edition, ASM Press, USA.

6. Sambrook J. and Russell D.W. (2001) - Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory

Manual. 3rd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, USA.

7. Innis M.A., Gelfand D.H. and Sninsky J.J. (1999) - PCR Applications: Protocols

for Functional Genomics. Academic Press, USA.

8. D.M. Glover (1980) - Genetic Engineering, Cloning DNA. Chapman and Hall,

New York, 1980.

9. Alcamo I.E. (1999) DNA Technology: The Awesome Skill. 2nd Edition,

Academic Press, USA.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern

III -Semester

BTT 3.2 Microbial Biotechnology Marks : 50

Hours : 45 Unit-I :

Microbial Production of Organic Acids and Solvents

• Production of alcohol by fermentation

• Production, recovery and applications of : Glycerol, Acetone , Citric acid, Lactic acid

Unit-II : Microbial Production of Amino Acids and Vitamins

• Production, recovery and applications of amino acids: L-Glutamic acid, L-Tryptophan

• Production, recovery and applications of vitamins:Vitamin-B12 and Riboflavin

Unit-III : Production of Chemotherapeutic Agents

• Production, recovery and applications of antibiotics:Penicillin, Erythromycin

Other Microbial Products

• General features of microbial polysaccharides

• Production, recovery and applications of polysaccharides:

• Xanthan, Dextran and Alginate

• Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chemistry and properties,

• Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Biopol-a biodegradable plastic

• Microbial recovery of petroleum

Unit-IV: Enzyme Technology

• Immobilization of enzymes and cells: Methods and applications (commercial and

Analytical)

• Production and applications of : Proteases, Pectinases, Cellulase, Penicillin, acylase

Biotransformation

• Microbial transformation: Basic concept involved

• Types of bioconversion reactions: Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolytic reactions,

Condensations

• Transformation of steroids and sterols

• Transformation of nonsteroid compounds: L-Ascorbic acid, Prostaglandins, Antibiotics

Text & Reference:

1. Gupta P.K. (2004) - Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.

2. Lemke T.L., William D.A., Roche V.F. and Zito S.W. (2008) Foye’s Principles of

Medicinal

3. Chemistry. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.

4. Satyanarayana U. (2005) Biotechnology. Uppala Author Publisher Interlinks,Vijaywada,

5. India.

6. Board N. (2004) Biotechnology: Hand Book. Asia Pacific Business Press Inc, Delhi.

7. Crueger W. and Cruger A. (2000) Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial

Microbiology.

8. 2nd Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

9. Bu’Lock J. and Kristansen B. (Eds) (1987) Basic Biotechnology. Academic Press Inc

Ltd,

10. London.

11. Arora D.K. (Ed) (2004) Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology. Marcel Dekker Inc, USA.

12. Demain A.L., Davies J.E. (Ed in Chief) (1999) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and

13. Biotechnology. 2nd Edition, ASM, Washington, USA.

14. Marooka Y. and Imanaka T. (1994) Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and

15. Agricultural Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., USA.

16. Biology of Industrial Microorganisms by A.L. Demain.

17. Industrial Microbiology by G. Reed (Ed), CBS Publishers (AVI Publishing Co.)

18. Biotechnology, A textbook of industrial Microbiology by Creuger and Creuger, Sinaeur

associates.

19. Manual of industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2nd edition by Davis J.E.

a. Demain A.L. ASM publications.

20. Microbiology of Foods by John C. Ayres. J. Orwin Mundt. William E. Sandinee.

21. Freeman and Co.

22. Fundamentals of Dairy Microbiology by Prajapati.

23. Comprehensive biotechnology Cooney & Humphery. Vol-3.Pergamon press.

24. Microbial technology peppler & perlman. Vol- I, II Academic Press.

25. Text book of biotechnology H.K Das 3rd ed. Willey India

26. Industrial microbiology A.H Patel Macmillan Pub.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern III Semester

BTT-3.3 Enzymology and Protein Engineering Marks : 50

Hours : 45 UNITI :

Enzymes: Classification - IUB system, rationale, overview and specific examples.

Characteristics of enzymes, enzyme substrate complex. Concept of active centre, binding

sites, stereo specificity and ES complex formation. Effect of temperature, pH and

substrate concentration on reaction rate. Activation energy. Transition state theory.

Enzyme catalysis: Factors affecting catalytic efficiency - proximity and orientation

effects , distortion or strain, acid - base and nucleophilic catalysis. Methods for studying

fast reactions. Chemical modification of enzymes. Isoenzymes and multiple forms of

enzymes.

UNIT - II:

Enzyme kinetics:Michaelis - Menten Equation - form and derivation, steady state enzyme

kinetics.Significance of Vmax and Km. Bisubstrate reactions.

Enzyme inhibition - types of inhibitors - competitive, non-competitive and

uncompetitive, their mode of action and experimental determination.

Enzyme activity, international units, specific activity, turnover number, end point kinetic

assay

UNIT –III:

Allosteric Reactions:Protein ligand binding including measurements, analysis of binding

isotherms,Cooperativity, Hill and Scatchard plots and kinetics of allosteric enzymes.

Enzyme regulation:Product inhibition, feedback control, enzyme induction and

repression and covalent modification. Allosteric regulation.

Immobilized Enzymes:Relative practical and economic advantage for industrial use,

effect of partition on kinetics and performance with particular emphasis on charge and

hydrophobicity (pH,temperature and Km). Various methods of immobilization - ionic

bonding, adsorption,covalent bonding (based on R groups of amino acids) ,

microencapsulation and gel entrapment. Immobilized multienzyme systems

UNIT- IV:

Biosensors : glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, urease and antibodies as biosensors

Introduction to protein engineering, structure prediction sequence structure relationship.

Recombinant proteins using fusion protein statagies for enhanced recovery, Engineering

protein for the affinity purification,(engineering of strptavidin) Stabilization of enzymes

by protein engineering(eg. pseudomonas isoamylase)

Text & References:

1) Fundamentals of Enzymology- Price and Stevens

2) Enzymes - Dixon and Webb

3) Isoenzymes - By D. W. Moss

4) Immobilized Biocatalysts -W. Hartneir

5) Selected papers Allosteric Regulation- M. Tokushige

2) Basic Biochemical Methods- 2nd ed by R.R.Alexander and J.M.Griffith.

3) Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry- ed. by Bernard L Oser.

4) A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry -by David Plummer.

5) Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry -by S. Jayaraman.

6) Practical Biochemistry by Clarke and Switzer

7) Methods in Enzymatic analysis by Bergmeyer, Vol I – III

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern III Semester

BTT-3.4 Plant Biotechnology Marks : 50

Hours : 45 Unit-I :

Plant Tissue Culture-I

• Introduction to cell and tissue culture

• Tissue culture media: Types, Composition and Preparation.

• Initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension culture,

• Organogenesis: Principles, Concept and Applications of Somatic embryogenesis

Plant Tissue Culture-II

• Shoot tip culture, rapid clonal propagation and production of virus free plants.

• Protoplast culture: Importance, Isolation of protoplasts, method of protoplast culture,

culture media, Growth and division of protoplast, regeneration of plants

Plant Tissue Culture-III

• Embryo culture and embryo rescue

• Anther, Pollen and Ovary culture for production of haploid plants and homozygous

lines

• Cryopreservation, slow growth and DNA banking for germ plasm conservation

• Commercial application of tissue culture technology, examples: banana and Sugarcane.

Unit-II:

Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture

• N2 fixing bacteria as microbial biofertilizers: Symbiotic and nonsymbiotic bacteria

• Microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture: Microorganisms, Physiology and

Production technology of (i) Cyanobacteria (ii) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

(iii) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (iv) Mycorrhizae

• Plant hormones by bacteria

Unit-III:

Biopesticides and Integrated Pest Management

• Biological control, Plant biopesticides and botanicals and microorganisms pest control

• Biopesticides v/s chemical pesticides: advantages and disadvantages

• Examples of biopesticides: Bt-based biopesticides, Baculoviruses, Trichoderma and

Trichogramma

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Use of insect resistant crops, Refugia and

Ecological approach of IPM

• Present status and future needs for making biopesticides and IPM popular

Unit-VI:

Transgenic Crops

• Crops with resistance to biotic stresses, viruses, fungal and bacterial diseases: strategy

and examples

• Crops with resistance to abiotic stresses (Herbicides and drought conditions): strategy

and examples

• Terminator technology

• Ecological risk assessment of genetically modified crops

Text & References:

1. Gupta P.K. (2004) - Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut,

India.

2. Owen M.R.L. and Pen J. (Eds) (1996) - Transgenic Plants: A Production System for

Industrial and Pharmaceutical Proteins. John Wiley & Sons, England.

3. Bidlack W.R., Omaye S.T., Meskin M.S. and Jahner D. (1998) - Phytochemicals: A

New Paradigm. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

4. Shahidi F. and Ho C.T. (2000) - Phytochemicals and Phytopharmaceuticals. The

American Oil Chemists Society, USA.

5. Murooka Y. and Imanaka T. (1994) - Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and

Agricultural Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., USA.

6. Purohit S.S. (1999) - Agricultural Biotechnology. Agro Botanica, India.

7. Endress R. (1994) - Plant Cell Biotechnology. Springer Verlag, Germany

BTP-3.1 LABCOURSE-V (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-3.1 AND BTT-3.2)

1. Bacterial culture and antibiotic selection media. Preparation of competent cells

2. Isolation of plasmid DNA.

3. Isolation of Lambda phage c DNA.

4. Quantitation of nucleic acids.

5. Agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction mapping of DNA.

6. Construction of restriction map of plasmid DNA

7. Cloning in plasmid/phagemid vectors.

8. Preparation of helper phage and its titration

9. Preparation of single stranded DNA template.

10. DNA sequencing.

11. Gene expression in E coli and analysis of gene product

12. PCR ____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Production and isolation of bacterial exo-polysaccharides

14. Production and estimation of alkaline protease from bacterial source

15. Production and estimation of bacterial lipase

16. Production of sauerkraut by microorganisms

17. Production and estimation of lactic acid by Lactobacillus Sp.

18. Production of fermented milk by Lactobacillus acidophilus.

19. Production and characterization of citric acid using A. niger.

20. Production and extraction of thuricide.

21. Comparison of ethanol production using various Organic wastes /raw Material

22. Laboratory scale production of biofertilizers

23. Amylase production by bacteria and fungi

24. Production of kojic acid.

BTP-3.2 LABCOURSE VI (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-3.3 AND 3.4) 1.Identification and quantitation of activity of Amylase, cellulose, amyloglucosidase, invertase

Alkaline phosphatase (salivary/microbial/animal/plant source).

2. Determination of specific activity.

3. Determination of activity in presence of activators.

4. Determination of activity in presence of inhibitors.

5. Determination of optimum pH

6. Determination of optimum temperature.

7. Determination of Competitive, non-competitive inhibitors

8. Separation and identification of amino acid mixture by Paper chromatography technique.

&Paper electrophoresis technique

9.Separation and identification of serum proteins by polyacrylamide/agarose gel

electrophoresis. (BSA/Hb)..

10. Separation of proteins (hemoglobin & cytochrome c) using molecular sieve chromatography.

11. Determination of capacity of ion exchange resin [Dowex- 50]

12. Purification of protein by ion exchange chromatography.[DEAE cellulose chromatography]

13.Determination of activity of invertase from immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Preparation of Media.

15. Surface Sterilization

16. Organ Culture

17. Callus Culture, organogenesis.

18. In vitro rooting and acclimatization .

19. Protoplast isolation and culture.

20. Anther Culture/ Production of haploids.

21. Cytological examination of regenerated plants.

22. Agrobacterium culture, selection of tranformants, GUS assay.

23. Synseed preparation

24. Callus induction and characteristics of callus

25. Plant regeneration from callus.

26. Somatic embryogenesis

27. Meristem culture for medicinal plant.

28. Isolation of nitrogen fixing rhizobia

29. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and determination of efficiency

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern IV Semester

BTT 4.1 Food Biotechnology Marks : 50 Hours : 45 Unit-I:

Biotechnology for Food Ingredients • Impact of biotechnology on the nutritional quality of foods

• Metabolic engineering of bacteria for food ingredients

• Technologies used for microbial production of food ingredients

• Production of amino acids: physiological and genetic approach

• Biotechnology of microbial polysaccharides in food

• Microbial biotechnology for food flavor production

Unit-II: Aspects of Food Production. • Food safety: HACCP System to food protection, Responsibility for food safety.

• Food Additives: Definition, Types and Functional characteristics.

• Natural Colors: Types, Applications, Advantages of natural colors over Artificial

Sweeteners.

• Sweeteners: Types and Applications.

Causes of food spoilage and methods to preserve food

Unit-III: Fermented Food Products • Fermentation technology for traditional food of the Indian subcontinent

• Solid state fermentations for food applications

• Genetic engineering of bakers yeast

• Biotechnology of wine yeast

• Biotechnology of �-carotene from Dunaliella

• SCP: Spirulina and Chlorella

Unit-IV:

• Diagnostics in food biotechnology

• Molecular evolution and diversity of food borne pathogens

• Application of microbial molecular techniques for food systems

• Genetic mechanisms involved in regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis

• Application of ELISA assays for detection and quantitation of toxins in foods and E.coli

in food

• Biosensors for food quality assessment

• Biotechnological approaches to improve nutritional quality and shelf life of fruits and

vegetables

• Biotransformation applicable to food industries

• Functional foods: Concept of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Neutraceuticals

Text & References :

1. Adam M.R and Moss M.O (2003) -Food Microbiology, New Age International Pub. New Delhi.

2. Frazier W.C and Westhoff D.C (2005),-Food Microbiology, 4th Edi., Tata McGraw Hill Pub Company Ltd.New Delhi.

3. Harrigan W. F (1998) - Laboratory methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd Edi. Academic Press.New York. 3. Jay J.M. (1992) - Modern Food Microbiology, 4th Ed. Chapman and Hall,New York

,NY, USA. 5. K.Vijaya Ramesh(2007) - Food Microbiology,MJP Publishers, Chennai. 6. Powar C.B and Daginawala H.F(2003), General Micribiology,Vol. II, Himalaya Pub.House,Mumbai. 7. Sivsankar B (2002), Food Processing and Preservation, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 8. Knorr D. (Ed) (1987) - Food Biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. 9. Bielecki S. Tramper J. and Polak J. (2000) - Food Biotechnology. Elsevier. 10.Wood R., Nilsson A. and Wallin H. (1998) - Quality in the Food Analysis Laboratory. Royal Society of Chemistry. 11. Earrly R. (Ed) (1998) - The Technology of Dairy Products. 2nd Edn, Blackie Academic & Professional, UK. 12. Singh R. (2004) - Food Biotechnology. Vol.1 & 2, Global Vision Publishing House, Delhi. 13. Belits H.-D. and Grosch W. (1999) - Food Chemistry. 2nd Edition, Springer Verlag, Germany. 14. Jay J.M. (1992) - Modern Food Microbiology. 4th Edition, Chapman & Hall, NewYork, NY, USA. 15. Satyanarayana U. (2005) -Biotechnology. Uppala Author Publisher Interlinks, Vijaywada, India. 16. Spencer J.F.T. and de Spencer A.L.R. (2001) -Food Microbiology Protocols. Humana

Press, NJ, USA.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern IV Semester

BTT-4.2 Animal Biotechnology Marks : 50

Hours : 45

UNIT- I Structure and organization of Animal cells - Culture media; Balanced salt solutions and

simple growth medium, Physical, chemical and metabolic functions of different constituents

of culture medium; Role of carbon dioxide, serum, growth factors, glutamine in cell culture;

Serum and protein free defined media and their applications.

UNIT- II

Types of cell culture: primary and established culture; organ culture; tissue culture; three

dimensional culture and tissue engineering; feeder layers; disaggregation of tissue and

primary cell culture; cell separation; cell synchronization; cryopreservation. Biology and

characterization of cultured cells: tissue typing; cell-cell interaction; measuring

parameters of growth; measurement of cell death; Apoptosis and its determination;

cytotoxicity assays - application of animal cell culture - Engineered cell culture as source of

valuable products and protein production

UNIT- III

Molecular techniques in cell culture: cell transformation; physical, chemical and biological

methods; Viral gene delivery systems: Adenoviruses, ALVs, Bacculoviruses; manipulation of

genes; cell cloning and micro manipulation; hybridoma technology and its applications; cell

fusion methods; gene mapping; vaccine production; gene therapy, targeting, silencing and

knockout. Selectable markers like pSV and pRSV plasmids -reporter genes.

UNIT- IV Embryology: Collection and preservation of embryos; culturing of embryos; Gametogenesis

and fertilization in animals; types of cleavage pattern; role of maternal contributions in early

embryonic development; genetic regulation of embryonic development in Drosophila;

homeotic genes in development; stem cell culture, embryonic stem cell and their applications.

Transgenics: Transgenic animal: production and application; transgenic animals as models

for human diseases; transgenic animals in live-stock improvement; expression of the bovine

growth hormone; transgenics in industry; chimera production; Ethical issues in animal

biotechnology.

Text & References 1.Animal cell culture; A practical approach, 4th Edition, by Freshney. R.I. John Wiley publication. 2. Methods in cell biology; Volume 57, Animal cell culture methods, Ed. Jennie P. Mather, David Barnes, Academic press. 3. Mammalian cell biotechnology; A practical approach, Ed. M. Butler, Oxford

university press. 4. Exploring genetic mechanism; Ed. Maxine Singer and Paul Berg. 5. Principles of genetic manipulation; Ed. Old and Primrose, 6th Edition. Blackwell science

publication. 6. Biotechnological innovations in Animal productivity, BIOTOL Series, Butterworth -

Heineman Ltd. Oxford, 1992 7. An introduction to embryology. WB Sounders company, Philadelphia, Balinsky. BI, 1970 8. Arora M.P.,(2003), Biotechnology,Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbai. 9. Freshney R.Ian (2006), Culture of Animal Cells:A Manual of Basic Techniques,John

Wiley and Sons,Inc., New York. 10. Gangal Sudha(2007), Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture, Universities Press India Pvt.Ltd. 11.Gupta P.K (2004), Biotechnology and Genomics,Rastogi Pub.Meerut. 12. Ignacimuthu S.(1995), Basic Biotechnology,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.,New Delhi.

13.Purohit S.S. (2002),Agricultural Biotechnology,Agrobios India, Jodhpur. 14.Satyanarayana U. (2007), Biotechnology, Books and Allied Pvt.Ltd.Kolkata. 15.Schmauder Hans-Peter (1997), Methods in Biotechnology, Taylor and Francis, London.

M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern IV Semester

BTT-4.3 Environmental Biotechnology Marks : 50

Hours : 45 UNIT -1 Basic concepts: Interactions between environment and biota; Concept of habitat and

ecological niches; Limiting factor; Energy flow, food chain, food web and tropic levels;

Ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance,

fluctuation and succession; N.P.C and S cycles in nature. Concepts and theories of

evolution - Population ecology - community structure.

UNIT - II

Ecosystem dynamics and management: Stability and complexity of ecosystems; Speciation

and extinctions; environmental impact assessment; Principles of conservation; Conservation

strategies; sustainable development. Global environmental problems: ozone depletion, UV-B

green house effect and acid rain, their impact in biotechnological approaches for

management.

UNIT - III Environmental pollution: Types of pollution,Methods for the measurement of pollution

Methodology of environmental management - the problem solving approach, its

limitations. Air pollution and its control through Biotechnology. Water Pollution and

control: Need for water management, Measurement and sources water pollution. Kind of

aquatic habitats, (fresh and marine), distribution and impact of environmental factors on the

aquatic biota, productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation different aquatic

ecosystems.

UNIT – IV

Waste water treatment : Waste water collection, Physico-chemical properties of water,

physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. Activated sludge, oxidation

ditches, trickling filter, towers, rotating discs, rotating drums, oxidation ponds. Anaerobic

digestion, anaerobic filters, Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. Treatment schemes

for waste waters of dairy, distillery, tannery, sugar, antibiotic industries. Management of

estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; Biology and ecology of reservoirs.

Xenobiotics : Ecological considerations, decay behaviour and degradative plasmids;

hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, oil pollution, surfactants, pesticides. Biopesticides in

integrated pest management. Bioremediation of contaminated soils and wastelands. Solid

waste: Sources and management (composting, vermiculture and methane production).

Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing.

Text & References 1. Environmental Biotechnology by Alan Scragg. Pearson Education Limited, England.

2. Environmental biotechnology by S.N. Jogdand. Himalaya Publishing

House.Bombay.

3. Wastewater Engineering - Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Tata Me

Graw Hill, NewDelhi

4. Environmental chemistry by A.K. De Wiley Eastern Ltd. NewDelhi.

5. Introduction to Biodeterioration by D. Allsopp and k.J. Seal, ELBS/Edward Arnold.

M.Sc Biotechnology Semester pattern IV Semester

BTT - 4.4 BIOINFORMATICS Marks : 50

Hours: - 45

UNIT-I Biological Data Bases The need for computation in Biology: An introduction to

Bioinformatics, Historical overview, the principles involved, development of tools,

internet based access.Introduction to Biological Databases, Database Browsing and Data

Retrieval

- Sequence databases

- Genome Databases

UNIT-II Applications of Bioinformatics

Application of Bioinformatics Approaches for analysis and interpretation of Sequence

Data and using : Homology Searches, Sequence Alignments, Pattern Searching

Application of Bioinformatics Approaches for analysis and interpretation of Genome data

such as - Gene prediction, Full Genome comparison etc.

Introduction to computational structural biology: Protein structure prediction using

computational methods, Structure analysis, Classification of Proteins etc.

UNIT-III

Importance of Proteomics

Strategies in Proteomics: 2 D PAGE, Mass spectrometry.

Databases and search engines in proteomics

Mapping of protein interactions: Two hybrid, phage display etc

Proteomics applications: Understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis, Drug discovery,

Disease diagnosis, identification and characterization of novel proteins.

UNIT-IV

Genomics -Introduction sequencing strategies for whole genome analysis, sequence data

analysis.Comparative Genomics: Protein evolution from exon shuffling, Protein

structural genomics, Gene function by sequence comparison

Global expression profiling : whole genome analysis of mRNA and protein expression,

microarray analysis, types of microarrays and their applications

Functional genomics.

Toxicogenomics.

Pharmacogenomics

Metagenomics, Metabolic engineering

Text & References:

1. Teresa Attwood, David Parry-Smith - Introduction to Bioinformatics Prentice Hall, 1999

2. Pierre Baldi, Søren Brunak -Bioinformatics : the Machine Learning Approach MIT Press,

c2001.

3. Andreas D. Baxevanis, B.F. Francis Ouellette - Bioinformatics : A Practical Guide to the

Analysis of Genes and Proteins, J. Wiley, c1998.

4. Philip E. Bourne, Helge Weissig - Structural Bioinformatics Wiley, c2003. Projected

Pub. Date: 0311

5. Jean-Michel Claverie, Cedric Notredame - Bioinformatics for Dummies

Wiley Pub., 2002. Projected Pub. Date: 0211

6. Peter Clote, Rolf Backofen - Computational Molecular Biology : an Introduction, Wiley,

2000.

7. Richard Durbin, Sean R. Eddy, Anders Krogh, Graeme Mitchison - Biological Sequence

Analysis : Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids ,Cambridge University

Press, 1998

8. Warren J. Ewens, Gregory R. Grant - Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics : an

Introduction Springer, c2001.

9. Dan Gusfield, Algorithms on Strings, Trees, and Sequences : Computer Science and

Computational Biology, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

10. D. Higgins and W. Taylor - Bioinformatics : Sequence, Structure, and Databanks : a

Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, 2000.

11. Timo Koski , Hidden Markov - Models for Bioinformatics Kluwer Academic Publishers,

c2001.

12. Stephen A. Krawetz and David D. Womble - Introduction to Bioinformatics : a

Theoretical and Practical Approach Humana Press, 2002.

13. Arthur M Lesk - Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, 2002.

14. David W. Mount - Bioinformatics : Sequence and Genome Analysis, Cold Spring Harbor

Laboratory Press, c2001.

15. Pavel A. Pevzner - Computational Molecular Biology : an Algorithmic Approach MIT

Press, c2000.

16. João Carlos Setubal, João Meidanis - Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology,

PWS Pub., 1997.

17. Michael S. Waterman - Introduction to Computational Biology : Maps, Sequences, and

Genomes : Interdisciplinary Statistics, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1995 (2000 printing)

BTP-4.1 LAB COURSE-VII (PRACTICALS BASED ON BTT-4.1+4.2+4.3+4.4)

1.Isolation and Characterization of food fermenting organism from idli,butter.

2. Estimation of ascorbic acid from given food sample by titrimetric method.

3. Analysis of mycotoxin (Aflatoxin) in fungus contaminated food material.

4. Microscopic examination of Food/Milk by breed method.

5. Estimation of lactose from milk.

6. Quality characterization of pasteurized milk by MBRT method.

7. To judge efficiency of pasteurization of milk by Phosphatase test.

8. Detection of microbial count in Milk by SPC method.

9.Isolation and biochemical testing of probiotic cultures (Lactobacilli) from

food samples (curd, intestine, sauerkraut, dosa, etc)

10. Check the potential of bacterial culture as probiotic culture by testing bile

i) salt tolerance ii) acid tolerance iii) heat tolerancE

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11. Packing and sterilization of glass and plastic wares for cell culture.

12. Preparation of reagents and media for cell culture.

13. Primary culture technique for chicken embryo fibroblast.

14. Secondary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast.

15. Cultivation of continuous cell lines.

16. Quantification of cells by trypan blue exclusion dye.

17. Isolation of lymphocytes and cultivation of lymphocytes

18. Study of effect of toxic chemicals on cultured mammalian cells

19. Study of effect of virus on mammalian cells.

20. Suspension culture technique

21. Cryopreservation of cell primary cultures and cell lines.

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22.Estimation of TS, T.D.S., form given water sample.

23.Estimation of Hardness, Ca and Mg from given water and soil sample.

24.Estimation of Chlorides by Silver nitrate method.

25.Estimation of Na and K from given water and soil sample by flame photometrically.

26.Estimation of Sulphate from given water and soil sample by spectorphotometrically/

colorimetrically.

27.Estimation of Phosphate from given water and soil sample by Spectrophotometrically

28.Determination of Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand of polluted

water.

29. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand of polluted water.

30.Measurement of sounds by DB meter in silent, industrial, residential and commercial

zones.

31.Demonstration of Total Nitrogen estimation by Kjeldahl’s Method.

32.Field work (one day)

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33.Measurement of sounds by DB meter in silent, industrial, residential and commercial

zones.

34.A guided tour of NCBI/EBI : Data acess – standard search engines : data retrievals

tools – Entrez, DBGET and SRS (sequence retrieval systems); software for data

building. submission of new revised data.

35. Sequence homology as product of molecular evolution, sequence similarity searches,

36.sequence alignment-global, local, end free-space; measurement of sequence similarity,

similarity and homology.

37. Multiple sequence alignment

38. Phylogeny reconstruction, PHYLIP package

39. Word processing.

40. Getting an amino acid sequence, nucleotide sequence by blasting.

41. Multiple sequence alignment

42. Homology modeling

43. Protein identification & characterization with peptide mass fingerprinting data.

44. Primary structure analysis of proteins.

45. Secondary structure analysis of proteins (helical content of peptide).

46. Tertiary structure analysis of proteins (3D structure prediction).

BTP-4.2 LABCOURSE-VIII Project (Dissertation) The project allotted during the third semester will be continued and it is expected

that the students will design experiments and collect experimental data to deduce

conclusions. At the end, they will submit a detailed thesis for evaluation. The students

should be introduced to research methodology in the beginning through few lectures.

The approach towards the execution of project should be as follows: 1) Selection of topic relevant to priority areas of biotechnology.

2) Collection of literature from libraries, internet, on-line journals, etc.

3) Planning of research experiments

4) Performing the experiments with scientific and statistical acceptability.

5) Presentation of observations and results.

6) Interpretation of results and drawing important conclusions.

7) Discussion of obtained results with respect to literature reports.

8) Preparation of report (thesis) containing introduction, materials and

methods, results and discussion, conclusions, bibliography.

9) Presentation of research data.

SKELETON OF THEORY QUESTION PAPER

M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY SEMESTER PATTERN

THEORY PAPER Time: Three hours Maximum Marks: 50 Note: - (i) Attempt all questions (ii) All questions carry equal marks (iii) Draw neat and well labeled diagrams wherever necessary

Q.1. 10 OR

Q.1. 10

Q.2. 10

OR Q.2. 10

Q.3. 10

OR Q.3. 10

Q.4 10

OR Q.4. 10

Q. 5 Write short notes on ( Any Two) 10

A) B) C) D) Note :

Each Theory paper constitutes four Units One question from each unit of theory paper and short notes shall be asked from All four units in the theory examination

PROFORMA FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATION SWAMI RAMANAND TREETH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED

Faculty of Science M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester pattern

Practical Examination Marks: 50

Q 1) Major Question 10

Q 2) Minor Question 10

Q 3) Major Question 10

Q 4) Minor Question 10

Q 5) Viva-Voce 05

Q 6) Record Book 05