msc sem4

SEMESTER -4 (Organic Chemistry)

CHE(O) 507 Advanced Organic Chemistry 1

Unit I : Pericyclic reactions Introduction, classification of pericyclic reactions, stereochemistry, molecular orbital symmetry, frontier orbitals of ethelene, 1,3 –butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allyl system, F.M.O. and PMO approach to cycloaddition and electrocyclic reactions: Generalisation of wood-ward Hoffmann rule, sigmatropic rearrangement-suprafacial and antrafacial shifts of H.Stereoselectivity in sigmatropic rearrangement, enantioselectinity in pericyclic reactions. Unit II : Conformational analysis Confirmation at cyclic systems: Confirmation of cyclohexane, mono and disubstituted cyclohexane, heterocyclic compounds, five and six membered heterocycles, stereoelectronic effects, fused bicyclic sptem, decalin, dodecalin, polyclin system, perhydrophenanthrene, bridged systems-conformation of sugars, steric strains due to unavoidable crowding, stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous. Unit III : Oxidation Introduction, different oxidation processes, hydrocarbons-alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H group (activated and unactivated), alcohols, diols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, hydrazine and sulphides. Unit IV: Reduction Introduction, different reductive processes, hydrocarbons-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic rings Carbonyl compounds- aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives, epoxides, nitro, nitroso, azo and oxime groups, Preparation and properties and application of pd and Ti compounds as organometallic agents Reference books

1. Advance organic chemistry by Jerry March 2. Advance organic chemistry by Carey and Sundberg, 3. Advance organic chemistry by Francis A. carey


CHE(O) 508 Advanced Organic Synthesis 2

Unit I : Protection of groups Principle of protection of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, carboxylic acid with different reagents and their deprotection, synthetic equivalent groups, synthetic analysis and planning, control of stereochemistry. Unit II : Disconnection approach An introduction to synthesis, and synthetic equivalents, disconnection approach, functional group inter-conversions, the importance of the order of events in organic synthesis one group C-X and two group C-X disconnections, chemo-selectivity, reversal and polarity. Unit III : One grou nnections Alcohols and carbonnitro compounds in Unit IV: Ring synthSaturated heterocycsynthesis Reference books

p C-C disco
yl compounds, region-selectivity, alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic
organic synthesis.

esis les, synthesis of 3, 4, 5, and 6-membered rings, aromatic heterocycles in organic

MEHTA HARSH

Cross-Out

1. Organic synthesis : the disconnection approach by stuart Warren (wiley student edition) 2. Organic chemistry- clayden, greeves, warren and wothers, (oxford press)


CHE(O) 509 Industrial Chemistry 3

Unit I : Water and vitamins Water –interaction among biomolecules in aqueous systems, buffering against pH changes, in biological systems, participation of water in biological reactions. Vitamins-classification, introduction, chemistry, absorption transport, mobilization and biochemical functions of Vitamins A, D, E, K, C, B, B2, B6, H and folic acid Unit II : Proteins,peptides and enzymes Proteins: properties and conventions of common amino acids, stereoisomerism in α -amino acid, peptides: formation, compositions and sizes of protein separation, purification and characterization, sequencing of peptides, sanger’s method, edman degradation, outline of other methods, protein sequences and evolution. Oxygen binding proteins, haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transport and storage. Enzymes: classification, nomenclature and extraction factors affecting catalytic activity and specificity in action, regulation of enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition, illustrative enzymatic reactions using chymotropsin, hexokinase, enolase and lysozyme

MEHTA HARSH

Underline

MEHTA HARSH

Underline

Unit III: Carbohydrates and nucleic acid Carbohydrates: classification and stereochemistry, biologically important hexose derivatives, nomenclature of disaccharides, structure and role of some homo and hetero polysaccharides, glucoconjugates : proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids Nucleic acid: compounds of nucleic acids, nomenclature of nucleotides, nucleosides, structure of DNA and structure of RNA Unit IV: Lipids Nomenclature, structure and physical properties of some naturally occurring fatty acids, triacelglycerol and waxes as sources of stored energy, insulation of water repellants, types of membrane lipids, introduction to glycerophospho lipids, galactolipids, sphingo lipids, phospholipids and sterols, bile acids. Reference books:

1. Principles of biochemistry –Donald J.Voet, Judish G.Voet, charlotte w. pratt (John willey and sons)

2. Lehninger principles of biochemistry- David L.Nelson and Michael M.wx (Palgrave Macmillan / w.h. freeman company new york)

3. Biochemistry – U.Satyanarayana Baro and allied P.Ltd., kolkata

SEMESTER -4 (Organic Chemistry) CHE(O) 510

Selected topics in Medicinal Chemistry 4Unit I : Drug design: Introduction, naming of organic medicinal compounds, literature of medicinal chemistry, development of new drugs, procedure followed in drug design, concept of lead compound and lead modification, pro drugs, soft drugs, phase I, II and III clinical trials, structure activity relationship, theories of drug activity : occupational theory, rate theory, induced fit theory, quantitative structure activity relationship, history and development of QSAR. Concept of drug receptors, elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions, physio chemical parameters lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic ionization constant, concept of 3-D QSAR. Unit II : Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics : introduction to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination. important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug deposition and in therapeutics, uses of pharmaceutics in drug development process Pharmacodynamics: Introduction, elementary treatment of enzyme stimulation, enzyme inhibition, drug metabolism, biotransformation, significance of drug metabolism in medicinal chemistry. Unit III : A. Dosage forms, Quality control and application of computers in chemistry Dosage forms, types of dosages, different roots of administration, quality control of drugs pharmacopias, modern methods of pharmaceutical analysis. B. Computer in chemistry Use of computer in chemistry and industry Important websites for data search chemistry Information about online journals for chemistry Unit IV:Medicine Overview, Medicinal use of nanomaterials-Drug delivery Protein and peptide delivery –cancer, surgery, visualization, nanoparticle targeting Medical application of molecular nanotechnology-nanorobots, cell repair machines, nanonephrology.

References Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (5/e), 1997, Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4,5, Edited by

ManFred E. Wolff (John Wiley & Sons, inc., New York). 2. Wilson and Gisvold’s Text-book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (5/e,

1982) by Robert F. Doerge (J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia/Toppan Co. Ltd., Tokyo). 3. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I & II (5/e), by S. S. Kadam, K. R. Mahadik, K. G.

Bothra (Nirali Prakashan). 4. QSAR: quantitative structure-activity relationships in drug design by Jean-Luc Fauchère.

ISBN:084515141X, 9780845151419 5. QSAR : Hansch analysis and related approaches By Hugo Kubinyi

SEMESTER -4 (Organic Chemistry ) CHE(O) 511 & 512 PR

dissertation/industrial training

MEHTA

Highlight

SEMESTER -3 (Physical Chemistry) Advanced Physical Chemistry

CHE(P) 501 Unit I : Gaseous state of matter (MMM) Van-der-Waals equation for real gases, Barometric distribution law, Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular velocities, Evaluation of constants, Effect of temperature, significance of Maxwell’s law and its experimental verification; Maxwell distribution as energy distribution, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities, simplified distribution law, Equipartition of energy and quantization. Unit II : Vibrational Spectroscopy (UP)

(i) IR spectroscopy : Vibrations in diatomic molecules, simple harmonic oscillator model, vibrational energies, force constant, bond strength and bond length, Morse potential energy diagram, anharmonisity in vibrations, selection rules, vibration rotation spectroscopy, P.Q.R. branches, normal modes of vibrations, vibrations in polyatomic molecules, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands Instrumentation for IR spectroscopy, applications of IR spectroscopy.

(ii) FT-IR spectroscopy: Principles, techniques and applications. (iii) Raman spectroscopy : Raman effect, quantum and classical view, pure

vibrational and pure rotational Raman spectra, Raman spectra for combined motion, instrumentation and applications of Raman spectroscopy.

Unit III: Solid state of matter (UP) Electrically conducting solids, super conductors, factors affecting superconductivity, magnetic properties, BCS theory of super conductors, organic and inorganic superconductors. Optical properties of solids-photoconduction and photoelectric effect. Magnetic properties of solids-Behaviour of solids in magnetic field, effect of temperature (curie and curie-weiss laws), ferromagnetics and paramagnetics, quantum theory of paramagnetic cooperative phenomena-magnetic domains, hysteresis. Unit- IV: Electronic spectroscopy of molecules (MMM) Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, concept of potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, selection rules, Frank-condon principle, π, η ,σ molecular orbitals, their energy levels and respective titrations. UV region: electronic transitions, chromophores and oxochromes, Bathochromic and hypochromic shifts, hypochromic and hyperchromic shift

References 1. Introduction to physical chemistry-Glasstone

2. Physical chemistry- Atkins

3. Advanced physical chemistry- Gurdeep Raj

4. Physical chemistry- N.B.Singh, Shiva Saran Das, A.K.Singh (newage international

publication),2009

5. Advanced physical chemistry –J.N.Gurtu and A. Gurtu, pragati prakashan, 2008

6. Molecular spectroscopy –C.N.Banwell

7. Introduction to Molecular spectroscopy : G.M. Barrow MacGraw Hill

8. Basic principles of spectroscopy –R.Chang, McGraw Hill

9. Instrumental methods of analysis-Skoog & West

10. Molecular spectroscopy –Gurdeep Raj

11. Instrumental methods of analysis- B.K.Sharma

12. Physical methods of chemistry –R.S. Drago

13. Theory and applications of UV-spectroscopy- H.H.Jaffe and M.Orchin

14. N.B.Hannay : Solid state chemistry

15. A.R.West- solid state chemistry and its applications, John Wiley- 1987

16. Chemistry of solids –L.V.Azaroff

17. Principles of solid state- H.V.Keer

18. Solids state chemistry- C.N.R.Rao

19. Fundamentals of photochemistry- K.K.Rohtagi, Mukherjee, Wiley-Eastern Ltd.,

20. AGilbert-J.B.Baggott, Essentials of molecular photochemistry, Blackwell scientific,

oxford, 1991

21. N.J.Turro-Modern molecular photochemistry, University science books, 1991

22. Crystallography and crystal chemistry- F.D. Bloss

23. Elements of x-ray diffraction, B.D. cullity, Addision – Westey publication Co. London.

24. X-ray diffraction methods, E.W. Nuffield, John-wiley and sons, Inc,N.Y.

25. X-ray structure determination-A practical guide (G.H.Stout, L.H.Jensen, Mcmillan co.

London)

26. Methods in X-ray crystallography- J.W.Jeffery, Acad. Press, London

SEMESTER -3 (Physical Chemistry) Selected topics in Physical Chemistry

CHE(P) 502 Unit I : Transport phenomena in gases Transport properties, thermal conductivity, viscosity of gases, kinetic molecular theory of gas viscosity, mean free path, molecular collisions in a single gas and in a mixture of gases, triple collisions, collisions with a wall, Knudsen flow, molecular diameter, diffusion, effusion. Unit II : Diffraction techniques (UP) Production of x-rays, x-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, Diffraction from crystals, methods in x-ray crystallography-powder method, Laue method, Debye-scherrer method, identification of crystalline compounds. Neutron and electron diffraction-scattering intensity, scattering angle, wierl equation, measurement techniques, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), applications. Unit III: Photochemistry (UP) Introduction, photochemical equivalence, quantum yield, photochemical reactions and kinetics, photosensitization, effect of temperature on photochemical reactions, fluorescence and phosphorescence and factors affecting them, applications of photochemistry-photosynthesis. Unit IV: Visible spectroscopy (MMM) Introduction, maximum wavelength, location and significance, molar absorptivity, Lambert-Beer’s law, regression, corelation coefficient, limitations and significance, ringbom plot applications pK determination, analysis of mixture, complex formation etc.

References

27. Introduction to physical chemistry-Glasstone

28. Physical chemistry- Atkins

29. Advanced physical chemistry- Gurdeep Raj

30. Physical chemistry- N.B.Singh, Shiva Saran Das, A.K.Singh (newage international

publication),2009

31. Advanced physical chemistry –J.N.Gurtu and A. Gurtu, pragati prakashan, 2008

32. Molecular spectroscopy –C.N.Banwell

33. Introduction to Molecular spectroscopy : G.M. Barrow MacGraw Hill

34. Basic principles of spectroscopy –R.Chang, McGraw Hill

35. Instrumental methods of analysis-Skoog & West

36. Molecular spectroscopy –Gurdeep Raj

37. Instrumental methods of analysis- B.K.Sharma

38. Physical methods of chemistry –R.S. Drago

18. Theory and applications of UV-spectroscopy- H.H.Jaffe and M.Orchin

19. N.B.Hannay : Solid state chemistry

20. A.R.West- solid state chemistry and its applications, John Wiley- 1987

21. Chemistry of solids –L.V.Azaroff

22. Principles of solid state- H.V.Keer

23. Solids state chemistry- C.N.R.Rao

24. Fundamentals of photochemistry- K.K.Rohtagi, Mukherjee, Wiley-Eastern Ltd.,

25. AGilbert-J.B.Baggott, Essentials of molecular photochemistry, Blackwell scientific,

oxford, 1991

26. N.J.Turro-Modern molecular photochemistry, University science books, 1991

27. Crystallography and crystal chemistry- F.D. Bloss

28. Elements of x-ray diffraction, B.D. cullity, Addision – Westey publication Co. London.

29. X-ray diffraction methods, E.W. Nuffield, John-wiley and sons, Inc,N.Y.

30. X-ray structure determination-A practical guide (G.H.Stout, L.H.Jensen, Mcmillan co.

London)

31. Methods in X-ray crystallography- J.W.Jeffery, Acad. Press, London

SEMESTER -3 (Physical Chemistry) Polymer Chemistry

CHE(P) 503

Unit I : Polymer molecular weight Concepts of mass, number, viscosity and sedimentation average molecular weights, polydispersity and molecular weight distribution, measurements of molecular weights, end group, viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation method. Gel permeation chromatography, polymer fractionation, the practical significance of molecular weights. Unit II : Structure and properties of polymers Polymer chains, chain configuration of macro molecules, microstructures based on the chemical and geometrical structures, crystal structures of the polymers, crystalline melting point (tm) and glass transition temperature (tg), effect of chain flexibility and other steric factors, molecular weight, chain branching , cross linking etc. on tm and tg. Mechanical properties of polymers-tensile strength, impact strength, shear, stress stain viscosity, viscoelastic behaviour of polymers, mechanical models of viscoelastic behaviour, deformation behaviour of polymeric materials, stress-strain relationship for different types of polymers.

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF CHOICE BASED

CREDIT SYSTEM OF M.Sc. CHEMISTRY Department

Semester

Course

No. of hours per week Course credits

Name Lectures

Other

s

Practicals

Total

CHE 401 Inorganic 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 402 Organic 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 403 Physical 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 404 Analytical 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE405PR Practical

(Inorganic + Organic) -- -- 6 4 4

1

CHE406PR Practical (Physical + Analytical)

-- -- 6 4 4

Total 12 4 12 24 24 CHE407 Inorganic 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE408 Organic 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE409 Physical 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE410 Analytical 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE411 PR Practical

(Inorganic + Organic) -- -- 6 4 4

2

CHE412 PR Practical (Physical + Analytical)

-- -- 6 4 4

C

H

E

M

I

S

T

R

y

Total 12 4 12 24 24 Inorganic CHE 501 EI Advanced Inorganic

Chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 502 EI Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 503 EI Inorganic Pharamaceutical medicinal Chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 504 EI CHE 504 EO CHE 504 EP CHE 504 EA

Choice Based Electives for all Specializations

Supramolecular Chemistry Bio organic Chemistry Catalysis-1 Modern Separation techniques

3

1

--

4

4

CHE 505 EI PR Practicals -- -- 12 8 8 Total 12 4 12 24 24

Organic CHE 501 EO Natural products and

biomolecules 3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 502 EO Medicinal Chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 503 EO Organic Spectroscopy 3 1 -- 4 4




3

1

--

4

4

CHE 505 EO PR

Practicals -- -- 12 8 8

3

Total 12 4 12 24 24

Physical CHE 501 EP Advanced Physical


CHE 502 EP Selected topics in Physical Chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 503 EP Polymer Chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4




3

1

--

4

4

CHE 505 EP PR


Total 12 4 12 24 24 Analytical CHE 501 EA Industrial Analytical 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 502 EA Qualitative Optical

Spectroscopic Methods 3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 503 EA Electro analytical technique 3 1 -- 4 4




3

1

--

4

4

CHE 505 EA PR


Total 12 4 12 24 24 Inorganic CHE 507 EI Advanced Inorganic


CHE 508 EI Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 509 EI Advanced industrial inorganic chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 510 EI

CHE 510 EO

CHE 510 EP CHE 510 EA


Intellectual property rights- Basics Selected topics in Medicinal Chemistry Catalysis-2 Environmental chemistry

3

1

--

4

4

CHE 511 EI PR dissertation/industrial training

-- -- 12 8 8

4

Total 12 4 12 24 24

Organic CHE 507 EO Advanced organic chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 508 EO Advanced organic Synthesis 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 509 EO Industrial Chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 510 EI

CHE 510 EO CHE 510 EP CHE 510 EA



3

1

--

4

4

CHE 511 EI PR dissertation/industrial training

-- -- 12 8 8

Total 12 4 12 24 24 Physical CHE 507 EP Advanced Physical


CHE 508 EP Selected topics in Physical Chemistry

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 509 EP Polymer chemistry-2 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE(P) 510 Catalysis-2 3 1 -- 4 4 CHE 511 EP PR dissertation/industrial

training -- -- 12 8 8

Total 12 4 12 24 24 Analytical CHE 507 EA Selected topics in analytical

chemistry 3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 508 EA Quantitative Optical Spectroscopic Methods

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 509 EA Advanced analytical instrumentation

3 1 -- 4 4

CHE 510 EI

CHE 510 EO

CHE 510 EP CHE 510 EA



3

1

--

4

4

CHE 511 EA PR dissertation/industrial training

-- -- 12 8 8

Total 12 4 12 24 24

SEMESTER -3 (Analytical Chemistry -Theory) CHE(A) 501

Industrial Analytical Chemistry UNIT-1 Automation in Measurements Principles of automation, automatic and automated devices, Process control: off-line, at-line and on-line analysis. Continuous and discrete analyzers, feed back mechanism. Flow injection analysis, principles, dispersion coefficient, factors affecting peak height-sample volume, channel length, flow rate and channel geometry. Applications of FIA, stopped flow measurements and gradient FIA. UNIT-2 Food Analysis Introduction to food analysis, regulations and international standards related to food analysis, nutritional labeling, sample and sample preparation. Compositional analysis of foods for moisture, proteins, fat, fiber, ash, vitamins and minerals. Adulteration of fats and oils; milk and milk products. UNIT-3 Pharmaceutical Analysis Instrumental and titrimetric assays for anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-tuberculosis, anti-malarial, anti-hypertensive and anti-HIV drugs based on USP/BP/IP. Heavy metal ion analysis in pharmaceuticals. Importance of UV-Visible spectrophotometry, IR spectroscopy and HPLC with UV, fluorescence and photodiode array detection in pharmaceutical industry. UNIT-4 Analysis of pesticides, soaps and detergents, fertilizers Classification of pesticides. Analysis of different pesticides by classical and instrumental methods. Classification of soaps and detergents with suitable examples. Characterization of soaps and detergents. Types of fertilizers and analysis of different elements like, nitrogen, phosphates, calcium, sodium, potassium and ammonia. Reference Books 1. “Analytical Chemistry” by Gary D. Christian, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc.

New Jersey. 2. “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” by Douglas A. Skoog, 3rd Edition, Holt-Saunders

International Edition. 3. Flow injection analysis of pharmaceuticals: automation in the laboratory by Jose

Martinez Calatayud, Taylor and Francis, 1996. 4. “Food Analysis” by S. Suzanne Nielsen, 3rd edition, Springer 2003. 5. “Food Analysis Laboratory Manual” by S. Suzanne Nielsen, 3rd edition, Springer 2003. 6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulation, 3rd edition, P.D. Sethi,

CBS Publishers, 2008. 7. “Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis” by Satinder Ahuja and Stephen

Scypinski, Volume 3, Academic Press, 2001. 8. Standard Method of Chemical Analysis by F.J. Welcher, sixth edition, volume 1,2 & 3,

Part two, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.


Qualitative Optical Spectroscopic Methods Unit – I Infrared Spectroscopy

• Introduction • IR Frequency Range and Spectrum Presentation • Theory of Infrared Absorption • Dispersive Spectrometers • Fourier Transform Spectrometers • Hyphenated Methods Involving Infrared • Analytical Information : Qualitative and Quantitative • Applications

Unit – 2 Raman Spectroscopy

• Introduction • Dispersive Spectrophotometers • Fourier Transform Spectrometers • Normal Raman • Resonance Raman • FT – Raman • Surface – enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) • Raman Microprobe • Remote Raman Analysis • Raman Depolarization Ratios • Analytical Information • Applications

Unit – 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

• Introduction • Physical and Chemical Principles • Instrumentation • Analytical Information : Qualitative and Quantitative • Applications

Unit – 4 X – Ray Diffraction

• Introduction • Single – Crystal Diffraction • Powder Diffraction • Analytical Information : Qualitative and Quantitative • Applications

References

1. “Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry”, Frank

Settle, published by Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1997.

2. “Applied Infrared Spectroscopy”, Smith A L, published by Wiley, New

York, 1979.

3. “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, Willard H H, 7th edition, Belmont, CA :

Wadsworth, 1987.

4. “Raman Spectroscopy”, Long D A, McGraw – Hill, New York, 1977.

5. ‘Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy”, Strommen D P, Nakamoto N, Wiley,

New York, 1984.

6. “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, Silverstein R M,

Bassler G C, Morrill T C, 5th edition, Wiley, New York, 1991.

7. “Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy”, Abraham R J, Fisher J, Loftus P,

Wiley, New York, 1988.

8. “Elements of X – Ray Crystallography”, Azaroff L V, McGraw – Hill, New

York, 1968.

9. “X – Ray Structure Determination : A Practical Guide”, Stout G H, Jensen

L H, 2nd edition, Wiley, New York, 1989.

SEMESTER -3 (Analytical Chemistry -Theory) CHE(A)503

Electroanalytical Techniques UNIT-1 Electroanalytical Measurements Voltage. Impedance. The electric double layer. Electrocapillarity. Current. Diffusion transport. UNIT-2 Voltammetry Differential pulse polarography. Square wave polarography. A.C. polarography. Stripping analysis. Cycling voltametry. Amperometric titration. UNIT-3 Electrodeposition and Coulometry Electrolysis. Current-Voltage relation. Electrogravimetric analysis at constant current, constant potential and at controlled potential. Coulometric analysis. UNIT-4 Electrochemical and Bio-sensors Potentiometric sensors. Potentiometric biosensors. Amperometric sensors. Conductometric sensors. Applications of Field-Effect Transistors sensors. REFERENCES

1) Peter T. Kissinger, William R. Heineman, “Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry”, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

2) Basil H. Vassos, Galen W. Ewing, “Electroanalytical Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3) Allen J. Bard, Larry R. Faulkner, “Electrochemical Methods – Fundamentals and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

4) Daniel C. Harris, “Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.

5) I.M. Kolthoff, and P.J. Elving, “Treatise on Analytical Chemistry”, Wiley-Interscience, New York.

6) Brian R. Eggins, “Chemical Sensors and Biosensors”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

SEMESTER -3 (Analytical Chemistry -Theory)

CHE(A)504

Modern Separation Techniques UNIT-1 Liquid Chromatography Principle, theory, instrumentation and applications of high-performance liquid chromatography. LC-MS, preparative chromatography, chiral chromatography, ion-chromatography, ion-pair chromatography, size-exclusion/gel permeation chromatography and affinity chromatography. UNIT-2 Gas Chromatography GC principle, theory, columns, detector types and applications in pharmaceutical analysis. Head space gas chromatography; Pyrolysis gas chromatography; GC-MS. UNIT-3 Electrophoresis Principles of electrophoresis, theory and applications of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and capillary gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing. UNIT-4 Specialized chromatographic techniques Principle, separation process on special columns, instrumentation and applications of counter current chromatography and ice chromatography. Superheated water chromatography- A green approach for the future. Flash chromatography. Reference Books 1 “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” by Daniel C. Harris, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York. 2 “Analytical Chemistry” by Gary D. Christian, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New Jersey. 3 Chiral Separation Techniques: A Practical Approach, 2nd edition, edited by Ganapathy

Subramanian, Wiley-VCH, 2001. 4 Chiral Separations by Chromatography by Satinder Ahuja, American Chemical Society, 2000. 5 Chiral Chromatography by Thomas E. Beesley, T.E. Beesley, R.P.W. Scott, John Wiley and

Sons, 1999. 6 A Practical handbook of preparative HPLC by Donald Wellings, Elsevier, 2006. 7 Ion-pair chromatography: Theory and Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications

(Chromatographic Science), Milton Hearn (editor), Marcel and Dekker Inc. (1985). 8 Advances in Electrophoresis (Volume 2) by Andreas Chrembach, Michael J. Dunn, Bertold J.

Radola, Wiley-VCH, 1989. 9 High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis: An Introduction by David N. Heiger. Hewlett

Packard GmbH, 1992. 10 High-speed counter current chromatography by Yoichiro Ito and Walter D. Conway, John Wiley

and Sons, 1995. 11 Practical Aspects of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy by Gordon M. Message, John

Wiley & Sons, 1984.

12 Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography by Robert L. Grob and Eugene F. Barry, 3rd edition, Wiley-Interscience, 1995.

13 Basic Gas Chromatography by Harold M. McNair, James M. Miller, John Wiley and Sons, 2008. 14 Analytical gas Chromatography by Walter Jennings, Eric Mittlefehldt and Philip Stremple,

second edition, Elsevier Science, 1997. 15 Modern HPLC for practicing scientists by Michael W. Dong, Wiley Interscience, 2006.

SEMESTER -3 (Analytical Chemistry -Practicals)

CHE(A)505 & 506 PR

Industrial Analytical Chemistry-Practicals Semester III

Practical (Core subject)

1. pKa determination of drugs by spectrophotometry 2. Characterisation of drugs substance by IR. 3. Flame Photometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 4. Simultaneous determination of metal ions by spectrophotometry. 5. Solvent extraction of transition metal ions 6. Ion-exchange separation of cations and anions 7. Fluorimetric determination of vitamins and drugs 8. Method validation for linearity, accuracy and precision. 9. Characterization of drug substances by IR Spectroscopy. 10. High performance liquid chromatography. 11. Gas chromatography.

SEMESTER -4 (Analytical Chemistry -Theory) CHE(A) 507 Selected topics in Analytical Chemistry

UNIT-1 Clinical Chemistry Composition of blood, collection and preservation of samples, common determinations- serum electrolytes, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, albumins and globulins, acid and alkaline phosphatases, barbiturates. Principles of immunoassays, radioimmunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay. UNIT-2 Analytical Aspects of Drug Discovery Discovery of new chemical entity, Identity and purity assessment, bioavailability/dissolution requirement, high-throughput screening, degradation and impurity analysis of drug substances, residual solvent and its classification, stability studies, pre-formulation studies, method development and validation. UNIT-3 Clinical and Regulatory Aspects of Drug Discovery Clinical trials - Phase I, II, III and IV. Quality control and quality assurance. Regulatory considerations, regulatory compliance, International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) classification and FDA guidelines, global CMC NDA. UNIT-4 Bioanalysis Components of bioanalytical methodology: extraction from biological matrices, chromatography and detection systems. Bioanalytical method validation parameters: sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision, linearity (calibration curves), recovery, matrix effect and stability. Bioavailability and bioequivalence study, incurred sample reanalysis test for subject samples. USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and the acceptance criteria. Reference Books 1 “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” by Daniel C. Harris, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York. 2 “Analytical Chemistry” by Gary D. Christian, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New Jersey. 3 “Principles of Instrumental Analysis” by Douglas A. Skoog, 3rd Edition, Holt-Saunders

International Editions. 4 “Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis” by Satinder Ahuja and Stephen Scypinski,

Volume 3, Academic Press, 2001. 5 “Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis” (Drug and the Pharmaceutical Sciences) by

Lena Ohannesian and Anthony Streeter, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2001. 6 Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulation, 3rd edition, P.D. Sethi, CBS

Publishers, 2008. 7 Bioanalytical Chemistry by S. Mikkelsen and E. Corton, John Wiley and Sons, 2004. 8 Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Procedures, Correlations, 4th edition by Michael L. Bishop, Janet

L. Duben-Engelkrik, Edward P. Fody, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000.


Quantitative Optical Spectroscopic Methods

Unit – I Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

• Introduction • Basic Principles • Instrumentation • Interferences • Techniques for Quantification of Elements • Recent Developments • Applications

Unit – 2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

• Introduction • Physical and Chemical Principles • Spectrometers • Detection, Calculation, and Output • Analytical Information : Qualitative and Quantitative • Applications

Unit – 3 Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

• Introduction • Physical and Chemical Principles • Instrumentation • Accuracy • Precision • Detection Limits • Analytical Information : Quantitative • Applications

Unit – 4 X – Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

• Introduction • Instrumentation • Analytical Information : Qualitative and Quantitative • Applications

References 1. “Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry”, Frank Settle,

published by Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1997. 2. “Specrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission”, Lajunen L H J,

Cambridge, UK : The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992. 3. “Advances in Atomic Spectroscopy”, Sneddon J, CT : JAI Press, Greenwich, 1992. 4. “CRC Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry”,

Varma A, FL : CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991. 5. “Multielement Detection Systems for Spectrochemical Analysis”, Busch K W, Busch

M A, Wiley, New York, 1990. 6. “Principles and Practice of X – Ray Spectrometric Analysis”, 2nd edition, Bertin,

Eugene, Plenum Press, New York, 1975. 7. “An Introduction to X –Ray Spectrometry”, Jenkins, Ron, Heyden & Sons, London,

1974. 8. “Principles of Quantitative X – Ray Fluorescence”, Tertian R, Claisse F, Heyden,

London, 1982.


Advanced Analytical Instrumentation UNIT-1 UHPLC and SFC Principle, theory, instrumentation and applications of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and super critical fluid chromatography (SFC). Comparison with HPLC. UNIT-2 Advanced mass spectrometry Ion sources- matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), thermospray, electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure secondary ion ionization (APSI); Mass analyzers- quadrupole, ion-trap, time of flight (TOF), ion-cyclotron resonance and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Tandem mass spectrometry. Applications in the analysis of biomolecules. UNIT-3 LC-NMR and LC-MS Principle, theory, instrumentation and applications of liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Application of LC-NMR-MS. UNIT-4 ICP-MS Principle, theory, instrumentation and applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Reference Books 1. “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” by Daniel C. Harris, 7th Edition, W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York. 2. “Analytical Chemistry” by Gary D. Christian, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New Jersey. 3. On-line LC-NMR and related techniques, Klaus Albert (editor), John Wiley and Sons, 2002. 4. Practical Guide to ICP-MS by Robert Thomas, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2004. 5. Packed columns SFC by T.A. Berger, RSC Chromatography Monographs, RSC, 1995. 6. Introduction to Mass Spectrometry: Instrumentation, Applications, and Strategies for Data

Interpretation by J. Throck Watson, O. David Sparkman, Wiley, 2007. 7. Interpretation of Mass Spectra by Fred W. McLafferty, Turecek University Science Books, 1993. 8. Mass spectrometry-Principles and Applications by Edmond de Hoffmann and Vincent

Stroobant, John Wiley and Sons, 2007.

SEMESTER -4 (Analytical Chemistry -Theory) CHE(A)510

Environmental Chemistry

UNIT-1 Performance and Structure of Analytical Methods Choosing method, A statistical view of analytical procedures, Criteria for selecting a method, Sources of error in trace analysis, Sampling, Dissolution and decomposition of samples, Separation, Determination, The complete analytical procedure. UNIT-2 THE ATMOSPHERE Composition of the atmosphere, Common air pollutants and their sources, Gases, vapours and particles, Air pollution and health, Sampling of air borne solids, Examination of airborne solids, Direct instrumental methods for gaseous pollutants, Sampling of gases and the atmosphere, Gas chromatography, Some chemical methods for determining trace gases, Some case studies of air pollution. UNIT-3 THE HYDROSPHERE The hydrological cycle and pollution, The oxygen balance in natural waters, Observations on sampling, Storage of samples and prevention of contamination, The analysis of water, Selected analytical methods for water quality control, pH measurement – the glass electrode, Conductivity, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Methods for the determination of inorganic nitrogen, Determination of phosphate, Automation of colorimetric procedures, The determination of chloride by titrimetry (visual), Ion-selective electrodes, Ion chromatography, The determination of heavy metals, The importance of chemical species – speciation, Trace organics in water – total organic carbon (TOC), Determination of some individual compounds or groups of compounds in polluted water, Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS), The EPA survey procedure : priority pollutants. UNIT-4 THE LITHOSPHERE AND THE BIOSPHERE Introduction, The need for chemical analysis of solids and rocks, Available elements, Particles size distribution in solids, Soil analysis versus visual symptoms shown by plants, Sampling problems with rocks and soils, Subsampling, Dissolution for total element analysis, Some selected chemical methods in soil analysis, Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, Flame emission spectroscopy, Other emission techniques, Identification of minerals, The nature of the biosphere, The need for analysis of zoological specimens, The merits of treating the biosphere as a whole, Sampling problems, Sample preparation problems, Sample dissolution, Analysis of plant tissues for N, P, K, Ca and Mg, Boron in plant tissue, Cobalt in plant tissue, Sulphur in plant tissue, Simultaneous multi-element analysis, The role of trace element in living systems, Trace element determinations on very small samples, Cold vapour and hydride generation systems in AAS.

REFERENCES 1) Lain L. Marr, Malcolm S. Cresser, “Environmental Chemical Analysis”, Published by

International Textbook Company, New York. 2) Laitinen, H. A. and Harris, W. E., “Chemical Analysis”, 2dn Edition, McGraw-Hill, New

York. 3) Katz, M., “Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis”, 2ed Edition, American Public Health

Association, Washington, DC. 4) Israel, H. and Israel, G.W., “Trace Elements in the Atmosphere”. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5) Z. Marczenko, “Spectrophotometric Determination of the Elements”, Ellis Horwood,

Chichester. 6) Wilson, A.L., “The Chemical Analysis of Water : General Principles and Techniques”,

The Society for Analytical Chemistry, London. 7) Black, C.A., “Methods of Soil Analysis”, American Society of Agronomy, Madison,

Wisconsin. 8) Brooks, R.R., “Geobotany and Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration”, Harper and

Row, New York.

SEMESTER -4 (Analytical Chemistry –dissertation/ industrial Training

CHE(A)511 & 512 PR

SEMESTER -3 (Inorganic Chemistry) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

CHE(I) 501 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals: UNIT 1 Stability constants of complexes and their determination by various methods. Thermodynamic stability and Kinetic stability of Complexes. Importance of determining Stability constants of complexes. Stereochemistry of Coordination compounds with special reference to chelating ligands ( Optical activity of metal complexes with chiral ligands). Metal Clusters. δ bond. Transition metal complexes of π acceptor (π- Acid) ligands. UNIT 2 Effect of Crystal field splitting. Splitting of d orbital in low symmetry environment. Spin crossover in coordinationcompounds.selection rules for d-d transitions. Charge transfer spectra. Nephalauxetic effect, other evidences of metal ligand orbital overlap. Terms and Symbol, Spin orbit coupling, Orgel diagram. Spectra of distorted octahedral and square planar complexes. Strong field case and correlation diagram. Calculation of Dq, B and β. Tanabe Sugano diagram. Unit 3 – Chemistry of Non Transition Elements Synthesis, Properties and structure of boranes, Carboranes, borazines, silicates, carbides, silicones, phosphazenes, sulphur nitrogen compounds, phosphorous cyclic compounds and noble gas compounds. Iso and hetropoly acids Unit 4- Solid state Chemistry Molecular orbital theory of solids, electrical properties, insulators and semiconductors, super conductors, Schotty and Frenkel defects, Intermetallic, interstitial and non stoichiometric compounds, defects and non stoichiometry, electrical conductivity, Spinel structure, ferromagnetic antiferromagnetic, perovskite and related phases Chervrel phases, Atom and ion diffusion, mechanism of diffusion. References: 1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley, 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J. E. Huhey, Harpes & Row. 3. Chemistry of the Elements, N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier. 5. Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W. & Langford, C. H. Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Oxford Univ. Press (1998). 6. Purcell, K. F. & Kotz, J. C. Inorganic Chemistry, W. B. Saunders and Co.: N. Y. (1985). 7. Wulfsberg, G. Inorganic Chemistry Univ. Science books: USA (2000); Viva Books: New Delhi. 8. Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition, Gary L. Miessler, Donald A. Tarr(Pearson). 9. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition, William L. Jolly. 10. Inorganic Chemistry, International Student Edition, Third Edition, Alan G. Sharpe 11. C. N. R. Rao and J. Gopalkrishnan, New Directions in solid state chemistry, Paper back edition, Cambridge University Press, 1989. A survey of crystal chemistry and recent developments in solid state chemistry with a section on superconductivity.

12. A.R.West- solid state chemistry and its applications, John Wiley- 1987 13. Solid State Chemistry, Second Edition, D. K. Chakrabarty, New Age International Publishers.

SEMESTER -3 (Inorganic Chemistry) Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry

CHE(I) 502 Unit 1 – Ion Exchange Ion exchange : Synthesis, characterization and properties of Ion exchangers, mechanism of ion exchange : equilibria –Rate Theory, Donnan equilibria, liquid ion exchangers and chelate ion – exchange resins. Separation of metals and non-meals using ion exchangers. Inorganic ion exchangers : The clay minerals, zeolites, heteropolyacid salts, hydrous oxides and insoluble salts and their applications Unit 2 – Corrosion Principles of corrosion and rate expressions, Different forms of corrosion – corrosion by sea water, corrosion of boilers, contact and crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and related phenomena, hydrogen cracking corrosion prevention –corrosion inhibitors and passivators cathodic and anodic protection, metallic coating, role of paints and pigments, plastic linings, alloying for corrosion resistance. Unit 3 - Electrochemical Methods

(a) Electrochemical methods : Polarography, principle, types of currents, polarographic potentials, instrumentation, pulse polarography, different pulse polarography , voltammetry : hydrodynamic , cyclic and anodic stripping voltammetry and applications.

Unit 4 - Thermal methods

(b) Thermal methods : Principles, instrumentation and application of TGA, DTA and DSC.

References: 1. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, J. Mendham R C Denney, J. D. Barnes, M J K Thomas 2. C. E. Harland 1994 Ion exchange theory and practice, 2nd edn, Royal society of Chemistry Cambridge. 3. J. Korkisch 1989 Handbook of ion exchange resins, their application to inorganic chemistry CRC Press, Boca Raton FL. 4. Principles of Instrumental Analysis” by Douglas A. Skoog, 3rd Edition, Holt- Saunders International Edition 5. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 1, Gurdeep Raj, Krishna Publication Meerut. 6. UHLIGS Corrosion Handbook, R. Winston Revie., Jhon Wiley & Sons JNC. 7. An Introduction to metallic corrosion, U.R. Evans, Cambridge, England.

SEMESTER -3 (Inorganic Chemistry)

Inorganic Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry CHE(I) 503

Unit 1. (a) Pharmacopocia and Monography Electrolytes, major physiological ions, physiological acid-base balance, acid base imbalance, electrolytes used for replacement therapy, electrolytes used in combination therapy. (b) Gastro-intestinal tract agents – Acidifying agents, gastric antacids, protective and adsorbents, saline cathartics Antioxidants and buffers Unit 2 (a) Expectorants and Emetics- symptoms of respiratory disease, expectorants, anti- tussive and emetics. (b) Topical agents – Protective, astringents and antimicrobials Units 3 (a) Trace elements- copper, iron, iodine, manganese, zinc, their compounds and their relevance. (b) Metals in medicine : Biomedical significance. Role of metal ions in drug design Platinum antitumor agents- discovery and development, synthesis. Unit 4 (a) Vanadium complexes –oxovanadium(IV) complexes for diabetes treatment (b) Medicinal applications of metal complexes of N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC)- NHC precursors and metal complexes –pyridine based NHC precursors and metal complexes, NHC Rhodium complexes. References : 1. A handbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. K. G. Bothara, Nirali Prakashan. 2. Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 3. Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry : Orvig, C, Abrams, M. J. Eds.; Chemical Reviews Vol. 99, No.9, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1999. 4. Metallopharmaceuticals I & II, Clarke, M. J., Sadler, P., Eds., Springer, Verlag, New York, Inc., 1999. 5. Uses of Inorganic Chemistry in Medicine, Farrell, N., Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc.1999.

SEMESTER -3 (Inorganic Chemistry) Supramolecular Chemistry

CHE(I) 504 Supramolecular Chemistry An examination of non-covalent interactions and their impact in chemistry. Topics will include self-assembly with special emphasis on supramolecules derived from calix systems, molecular recognition, and their applications for the design and synthesis of nanostructured materials

I. Introduction to Supramolecular Chemistry and molecular forces responsible for supramolecular structures.

II. Molecular Structure: Shape and Size (i) Van der Waals radii

(ii) Bond lengths and bond angles (iii) Conformation

III. Common Motifs in Supramolecular Chemistry with a brief overview of experimental techniques in supramolecular Chemisry.

IV. Host / Guest Chemistry (i) Cation binding

(ii) Anion binding (iii) Neutral molecule binding

References: 1. Supramolecular Chemistry by Jonathan Steed & Jerry Atwood will be the primary textbook. 2. Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives By Jean-Marie Lehn 3. Core Concepts in Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanochemistry By Jonathan W. Steed, David R. Turner, Karl Wallace

SEMESTER -3 (Inorganic Chemistry) CHE(I) 505 & 506 PR(PRACTICALS)

1. Analysis of alloys and ores 2. Capacity of ion exchangers 3. Separation of cations and anions using ion exchangers 4. Determination of trace elements by atomic spectroscopy. 5. Analysis of selected drugs 6. Determination of ionization constants and stability constants by potentiometry. 7. Preparation of metal complexes and characterization by IR 8 Determination of compensition of complexes by Jobs method and molar ratio method. 9. Analysis of mixtures by complexometery. 10. Thermal analysis and interpretation 11. XRD analysis of compounds. 12. Analysis of industrial effluent References: 1. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative chemical analysis 2. Vogel’s Text book of Qualitative analysis 3. The Quantitative Analysis of Drugs, D. C. Garratt

SEMESTER -4 (Inorganic Chemistry) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-CHE(I) 507

UNIT I Infrared Spectroscopy: Theory and Application of FT-IR. Symmetry and shape of AB2,AB3,AB4,AB5 and AB6. Modes of bonding of ambidentate ligands. Effect on coordination on ligand Bands, Change in symmetry on coordination. Organomettallic compounds. Metal ligand vibration. Electron Spin Resonance. Principle and presentation of the Spectrum. Hyperfine splitting. Anisotropy and interpretation of g values. Hyperfine coupling and zero field splitting. Survey of EPR spectra of first row transition metal ion complexes. Double Resonanace and Fourier transform EPR techniques. UNIT II Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Principle and application of FT-NMR. Chemical shift. Contact shift and pseudocontact shift. Lanthanide complexes as shift reagents. Double resonance Technique. Proton, Boron, carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus NMR of inorganic Compounds. Mossbauer Spectroscopy Basic principle, Spectral parameters and spectrum display. Interpretation of Isomer shift. Application of Technique to the studies of bonding and structure of Fe2+ and Fe3+ compounds, Sn2+ and Sn4+ compounds and detection of oxidation states. FAB and electronspray mass spectrometry of metal complexes. UNIT III Organotransition Metal Chemistry Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis and in homogenous catalytic reaction (Hydrogentaion, hydroformylation, isomerisation and polymerisation). π bonded organometallic compounds including carbonyls, nitrosyls, tertiary phosphines, hydrides, alkene, alkyne, cyclobutadiene, cyclopentadiene, arene compounds. Futuristic aspects of organotransition metal chemistry. Activation of small molecules by coordination. UNIT IV Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides Separations, spectral and magnetic properties, organometallic chemistry of lanthanides and actinides. Transuranium elements. References 1. Structural methods in inorganic chemistry, E.A.V.Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and S.Cardock 2. Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds – R.M.Silverstein, G.C.Bassler and Morril. 3. Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry – R.S.Drago. 4. Applications of absorption spectroscopy of organic compounds – J.Dyer. 5. Electron Spin Resonance – Elementary Theory and Practical Applications – Wertz and Bolton 7. Green, M. L. H. Organometallic Compounds Chapman & Hall: U.K. (1968). 8. Coates, G. E., Green, M. L. H. & Powell, P. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry Chapman and Hall: U.K. (1988). 9. Organometallic Chemistry a Unified Approach by R.C.Mehrotra and A.Singh, 10. Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metals by Robert H.Crabtree.

SEMESTER -4 (Inorganic Chemistry) Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry

CHE(I) 508 Unit 1 - Electrolytic process Electrolytic processes : The Chlor-Alkali industry –General concepts and brine electrolysis chlorine cell technology, sodium potassium. Unit 2 - Marine chemicals Marine Chemicals : Chemical properties of marine waters, salinity, chlorinity and its significance, method of determination, Recovery of metals and non metals from sea water, biochemical reactions, pollutants and impact. Unit 3- X-ray diffraction Methods Production of x-rays and Bragg’s equation, instrumentation and application for structural studies. Unit 4- surface characterization by spectroscopy Surface characterization : Photoelectron spectroscopy – principle, instrumentation and applications. References: 1. Vogel’s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, J. Mendham R C Denney, J. D. Barnes, M J K Thomas 2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis” by Douglas A. Skoog, 3rd Edition, Holt- Saunders International Edition. 3. Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology, Volume 8,1. Edition - March 2001, John Wiley & Sons 4. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction (3rd Edition), B.D.Cullity, 5. “Principles and Practice of X – Ray Spectrometric Analysis”, 2nd edition, Bertin, Eugene, Plenum Press, New York, 1975. 6. “An Introduction to X –Ray Spectrometry”, Jenkins, Ron, Heyden & Sons, London, 1974.

SEMESTER -4 (Inorganic Chemistry) Advanced Industrial Inorganic Chemistry

CHE(I) 509 Advanced Industrial Inorganic Chemistry Unit 1 - Nanomaterials in Chemistry Introduction to nanomaterials and nanochemistry, classification of nanomaterials general methods of preparation and applications. Chemical and catalytic aspects of nanocrystals – nanomaterials in catalysis, as adsorbents, as new chemical reagents. Unit 2 – Smart materials Ceramics, alloys, gels and polymers. Piezoelectric materials, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive materials, rheological, thermoresponve, pH sensitive halochromic materials, electrochromic materials and smart gels. Unit 3 – Chemical and Biofertilizers Chemical fertilizers, applications, adverse effects, Advantage of biofertilizers. Types of Mineral Fertilizers : Nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers, NPK grades. Nitrogen biofertilizer : Rhizobium (symbiotic) Azetobactor (non symbiotic) Phosphorus biofertilizer : P.S. B. phosphate solubilizing bacteria..

Unit 4 – Environmental Chemistry Types of water pollutants : organic, inorganic, radionucluds and their determination COD, BOD and industrial waste water treatment for solids, metals, dissolved organics and inorganics. Air pollutants –CO,SOx, NOx, CFC, hydrocarbon and their monitoring. Disposal of hazardous wastes. References:

1. Nanoparticles, buildings blocks of nanotechnology, Rotello V. Kluwer Acad / ptenum

publication, N.Y.2004

2. Nanoscale materials in chemistry- ed. By Klabunde K.J.John-wiley, N.Y. 2001

3. The chemistry of nanomaterials : Synthesis, properties and applications ed. By.

C.N.R.Rao, A. Miiller and A.K.Cheetham, wiley-VCH ,2004

4. Nanotechnology, Richard Booker, Earl Boysen, Wiley

5. Environmental Chemistry, Akde,Wiley Eastern Ltd.

6. Environmental Chemistry, B. K. Sharma, H. Kaur, Goel Publishing House, Meerut.

7. Environmental Chemistry, B. K. Sharma, Goel Publishing House, Meerut

SEMESTER -4 (Inorganic Chemistry)

Intellectual Property rights basics CHE(I) 510

Unit -1 General Introduction of IPRs Indian Patent System in brief Important Amendments of Indian Patents Act & Rules What is IPR? IP Protection Importance of IP Protection Why patent protection? Why trade marks protection? Why design protection? Unit-2 Basic concept in patents Patentable and non-patentable inventions Patentability criteria and requirements Practical study of novelty and non obviousness Unit-3 Provisional, complete application and their contents and different types of patent applications (Basics) Claim and their interpretation Prosecution of patent application

Unit-4 Prior art Search-1 Prior art Search-2 Requirement of IPRs in Pharmaceutical & Chemical industries and career development in IPR References: 1. Intellectual Property Rights, Anita Rao & Bhanoji Ra 2.. The Law Of Intellectual Property Rights, Shiv Sahai Singho 3. Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries, Jayashree Watal

SEMESTER -4 (Inorganic Chemistry) dissertation/industrial training

CHE(I) 511& CHE(I) 512

SEMESTER -3 (OrganicChemistry) CHE(O) 501

Natural Products and Biomolecules Unit I : Natural pigment Natural colouring matter, general classification, method of synthesis, biosynthesis studies of anthocyanins (cyanine) flavones (chryosin) and flavanol (Querecetin) Porphyrin-structure, spectral properties and synthesis, general and structure determination of Haemoglobin, chlorophyll and Bilirubin. Unit II : Alkaloids and vitamins Alkaloids: General biogenetic studies of alkaloids, chemistry of quinine, morphine , reserpine and colchicine Vitamins : Introduction, synthesis and biochemical function of vitamin B(Thiamine), Vitamin H and α -tocopherol (Vitamin E), vitamin C. Unit III: Steroids and hormones General biosynthesis studies of steroids, structure of cholesterol and ergosterol (No synthesis). Stereochemistry of steroids, chemistry of bile acids. Chemistry of androgens, oestrogens and gestrogens, their synthesis and biochemical role. Adrenocortical hormones, partial synthesis of cortisone. Unit IV: Terpenoids and carotenoids Classification, nomenclature, general methods of structure determination, chemistry and synthesis of abietic acid and gibberellic acid (gibberllin-A), farnesol, zingeberine and squalene. Biosynthetic studies on triterpenoids and tetraterpenoides. Reference books:

1. Organic chemistry vol I & II (sixth edition) I.L.Finar 2. Chemistry of vitamins-S.F.Dyke 3. Chemistry of natural products by Bantely, Vol 1-10 4. L.J.Wade Jr. Organic chemistry, Prentice nall, England cliffs, 1987 5. Chemistry of Natural products vol I & II by O.P.Agrawal

SEMESTER -3 (OrganicChemistry)

CHE(O) 502 Medicinal Chemistry

General classification, structural variations, synthesis and medicinal uses of the following classes of drugs.In addition to the above structure Activity Relationships and Mode of Action should be discussed in classes wherever it is mentioned. Unit I : Antibiotics Antibiotics that interfere with the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall.

A. The β -lactum antibiotics : Penicillin and cephalosporin B. Non lactum antibiotics (only name and structures) C. Bacitracin, vancomycin and cycloserine (only name and structures)

Antibiotics that interfere with the protien biosynthesis in microorganisms : non lactum antibiotics, tetracycline, chloroamphenicol Structure actively relationship (SAR) among penicillinis and tetracyclins Non classifiable antibiotics (only structure and therapeutic uses) Synthesis of pencillin V, ampicillin, cephalosporin and chloroamphenicol.

Unit II : Psychoactive drugs CNS depressant:

A. General and local anaesthetics B. Sedative and hypnotics

Antipsychotic drugs A. Antidepressant B. Neuroleptics

Synthesis of the following Thiopental, amobarbital, diazepam, chlorozepan, alprazolam, glutethimide, nikethamide, procaine, lidocaine and dibucaine, Ibuprofin, meclofenate sodium, novalgin, pethidine Unit III: Antimalarial and Antituberculosis drugs Antimalarials: Modern chemotherapy of malaria, 4-amino and 8-amino quinolins, 9-amino acridine. Synthesis of mefloquines, chloroquine, primaquine and daraprim Mode of action of antimalarial agents SAR of antimalarial agents Anti tuberculosis: Synthesis of only the following drugs:

Isoniazid (INH), Ethionamide, Ethambutol, DDS (Dapsone)

Unit IV :Cardiovascular, diuretics and hypoglycemic agents Synthesis of amyl nitrate, diltiazim, atenolol, methyl dopa, tolbutamide, chloropropamide, glibenclamide, acetazolamide, chlorothiazide, furosemic and ethacrycnic acid Reference books:

1. Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug design (5/e) 1997, vol 1 to 5 edited by Manfred E.Woltt (John wiley and sons Mc. New york)

2. Principles of medicinal chemistry by William A. Foye (ied), lea and febiys (Philadelphia) 3. Principles of medicinal chemistry vol I & II (5/e) F.S.kadam, K.R. Mahadic ad K.G.Bohra

(Nirali publication) 4. Medicinal chemistry by ashutosh kar 5. The organic chemistry of drug synthesis vol I, II and III (1980) ed by D. lednicer and L.A.

mitscher (Johyn wiley and sons, New york) 6. Wilson and Gisvold text book of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry (5/e,1982) by

Robert Doerge (J.B. lippincoff company, phaladophia/ Toppan co.Ltd, Tokyo) 7. Topics in medicinal chemistry vol I & II by rabinowitz Myerson (interscience 1968) 8. The pharmaceutical basis of theraperutics by Geoman and Gilman (Mcmillan co.)


CHE(O) 503 Organic Spectroscopy

Unit I :UV & IR UV: Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts, solvent effects, wood ward fieser rules for dienes, enones and aromatic compounds applications of U.V., instrumentation. I.R. Vibrational transitions, important group frequencies, factors affecting I.R. group frequency, applications of I.R. instrumentation Unit II : NMR Elementary ideas of NMR integration, chemical shifts, Factors affecting, chemical shifts, coupling (first order, analysis) instrumentation and principles and instrumentation, FT, chemical shifts, spin-spin coupling different spin systems, mechanism of spin coupling. E.q. AB, ABX, factors affecting vicinal and geminal couplings, rate processes, long range couplings, spin decoupling, shift reagents, solvent shifts, nuclear overhauser effect. 2D NMR (COSY and HETCOR) applications.

Unit III: C13 NMR and Mass spectrometry C13 NMR: elementary ideas, instrumental problems ,chemical shift features of hydrocarbons, effect of substituent on chemical shifts olefinic, acetylenic, aromatic and carbonyl carbons, effects of coupling Mass spectrometry: theory, instrumentation, modes of ionization, types of detectors, modes of fragmentation. Different types of ions, molecular ions, isotopic peaks, factors controlling fragmentation, hyphenated mass spectroscopy techniques. Unit IV: Structural elucidation of drug molecules based on joint application of UV,IR, PMR, CMR and mass spectroscopy. Reference books:

1. Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry, D.H.Williams and Tan fleming 2. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, T.C.Morril R.M.Silverstein and G.Bassler,

6th edition, John Wiley and sons 3. Introduction to spectroscopy, D.L.Pavia, G.M.Lampman and G.S.Kriz, 3rd edn, Harcourt

college publishers. 4. Organic spectroscopy by W.Kemp 5. Organic spectroscopy by P.S.Kalsi


CHE(O) 504 Bio-organic Chemistry

Unit I : Basic principles Basic chemical data, batch versus continuous operation, design, flow charts, chemical process selection, safely, hazardous, fire toxic materials, research and development patents, good manufacturing practice and laboratory practice. Unit II: Unit processes in organic chemistry Nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, amination and alkylation methods and industrial chemicals derived from benzene, naphthalene and anthracene using unit process. Unit III Green chemistry -12 principles of green chemistry Green solvents- aqueous phase reactions Wurtz reaction, witting-Horner reaction, Michael reaction - Solid phase reactions: halogenation, aldol condensation, grignard reaction. - Ionic liquid as green solvent- hydrogenation, diels-alder reaction, o- alkylation and N-alkylation Green catalysts of green reagents (introduction) Unit IV Manufacture and uses of -Argochemics (insecticides, fungicides, plant nutrients and plant hormones, Weedicides, pesticides) -Unit operations Reference books:

1. Unit processes in organic synthesis by P.H.Groggins 2. Industrial Chemical process by R.N.Shreve 3. Riegels handlook of industrial chemistry ed by James and Kent 4. Dryden’s outlines of chemical Technology M.Gopal Rao

SEMESTER -3

Organic Chemistry - Practicals CHE(O) 505 & 506 PR

Preparation of industrially important compounds by following name reactions (mechanism, purification and characterization of the synthesized compounds)

1. Sandmeyer reaction 2. Pechmann reaction 3. Skraup synthesis 4. Riemer-Tiemann reaction 5. Kolbe-smith reaction 6. Claisen-smith synthesis 7. Hoffman reaction 8. Diels-alder reaction 9. Green –bromination

Estimation 1. Drug assay (estimation of sulpha drug) 2. Non-aqueous titration 3. Nitrite value 4. Drug dissolution

Reference books:

1. Quantitative analysis by Arther I.Vogel 2. Quantitative analysis by V.K.Ahluwalia 3. Quantitative analysis by Mann and sanders


CHE(O) 507 Advanced Organic Chemistry

Unit I : Pericyclic reactions Introduction, classification of pericyclic reactions, stereochemistry, molecular orbital symmetry, frontier orbitals of ethelene, 1,3 –butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allyl system, F.M.O. and PMO approach to cycloaddition and electrocyclic reactions: Generalisation of wood-ward Hoffmann rule, sigmatropic rearrangement-suprafacial and antrafacial shifts of H.Stereoselectivity in sigmatropic rearrangement, enantioselectinity in pericyclic reactions. Unit II : Conformational analysis Confirmation at cyclic systems: Confirmation of cyclohexane, mono and disubstituted cyclohexane, heterocyclic compounds, five and six membered heterocycles, stereoelectronic effects, fused bicyclic sptem, decalin, dodecalin, polyclin system, perhydrophenanthrene, bridged systems-conformation of sugars, steric strains due to unavoidable crowding, stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous. Unit III : Oxidation Introduction, different oxidation processes, hydrocarbons-alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H group (activated and unactivated), alcohols, diols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, hydrazine and sulphides. Unit IV: Reduction Introduction, different reductive processes, hydrocarbons-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic rings Carbonyl compounds- aldehydes, ketones, acids and their derivatives, epoxides, nitro, nitroso, azo and oxime groups, Preparation and properties and application of pd and Ti compounds as organometallic agents Reference books

1. Advance organic chemistry by Jerry March 2. Advance organic chemistry by Carey and Sundberg, 3. Advance organic chemistry by Francis A. carey


CHE(O) 508 Advanced Organic Synthesis

Unit I : Prection of groups Principle of protection of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, carboxylic acid with different reagents and their deprotection, synthetic equivalent groups, synthetic analysis and planning, control of stereochemistry. Unit II : Disconnection approach An introduction to synthesis, and synthetic equivalents, disconnection approach, functional group inter-conversions, the importance of the order of events in organic synthesis one group C-X and two group C-X disconnections, chemo-selectivity, reversal and polarity. Unit III : One group C-C disconnections Alcohols and carbonyl compounds, region-selectivity, alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic nitro compounds in organic synthesis. Unit IV: Ring synthesis Saturated heterocycles, synthesis of 3, 4, 5, and 6-membered rings, aromatic heterocycles in organic synthesis Reference books

1. Organic synthesis : the disconnection approach by stuart Warren (wiley student edition) 2. Organic chemistry- clayden, greeves, warren and wothers, (oxford press)


CHE(O) 509 Industrial Chemistry

Unit I : Water and vitamins Water –interaction among biomolecules in aqueous systems, buffering against pH changes, in biological systems, participation of water in biological reactions. Vitamins-classification, introduction, chemistry, absorption transport, mobilization and biochemical functions of Vitamins A, D, E, K, C, B, B2, B6, H and folic acid Unit II : Proteins and enzymes Proteins: properties and conventions of common amino acids, stereoisomerism in α -amino acid, peptides: formation, compositions and sizes of protein separation, purification and characterization, sequencing of peptides, sanger’s method, edman degradation, outline of other methods, protein sequences and evolution. Oxygen binding proteins, haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transport and storage. Enzymes: classification, nomenclature and extraction factors affecting catalytic activity and specificity in action, regulation of enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition, illustrative enzymatic reactions using chymotropsin, hexokinase, enolase and lysozyme

Unit III: Carbohydrates and nucleic acid Carbohydrates: classification and stereochemistry, biologically important hexose derivatives, nomenclature of disaccharides, structure and role of some homo and hetero polysaccharides, glucoconjugates : proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids Nucleic acid: compounds of nucleic acids, nomenclature of nucleotides, nucleosides, structure of DNA and structure of RNA Unit IV: Lipids Nomenclature, structure and physical properties of some naturally occurring fatty acids, triacelglycerol and waxes as sources of stored energy, insulation of water repellants, types of membrane lipids, introduction to glycerophospho lipids, galactolipids, sphingo lipids, phospholipids and sterols, bile acids. Reference books:

1. Principles of biochemistry –Donald J.Voet, Judish G.Voet, charlotte w. pratt (John willey and sons)

2. Lehninger principles of biochemistry- David L.Nelson and Michael M.wx (Palgrave Macmillan / w.h. freeman company new york)

3. Biochemistry – U.Satyanarayana Baro and allied P.Ltd., kolkata

SEMESTER -4 (Organic Chemistry) CHE(O) 510

Selected topics in Medicinal Chemistry Unit I : Drug design: Introduction, naming of organic medicinal compounds, literature of medicinal chemistry, development of new drugs, procedure followed in drug design, concept of lead compound and lead modification, pro drugs, soft drugs, phase I, II and III clinical trials, structure activity relationship, theories of drug activity : occupational theory, rate theory, induced fit theory, quantitative structure activity relationship, history and development of QSAR. Concept of drug receptors, elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions, physio chemical parameters lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic ionization constant, concept of 3-D QSAR. Unit II : Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics : introduction to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination. important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug deposition and in therapeutics, uses of pharmaceutics in drug development process Pharmacodynamics: Introduction, elementary treatment of enzyme stimulation, enzyme inhibition, drug metabolism, biotransformation, significance of drug metabolism in medicinal chemistry. Unit III : A. Dosage forms, Quality control and application of computers in chemistry Dosage forms, types of dosages, different roots of administration, quality control of drugs pharmacopias, modern methods of pharmaceutical analysis. B. Computer in chemistry Use of computer in chemistry and industry Important websites for data search chemistry Information about online journals for chemistry Unit IV:Medicine Overview, Medicinal use of nanomaterials-Drug delivery Protein and peptide delivery –cancer, surgery, visualization, nanoparticle targeting Medical application of molecular nanotechnology-nanorobots, cell repair machines, nanonephrology.

References Books: 1. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (5/e), 1997, Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4,5, Edited by

ManFred E. Wolff (John Wiley & Sons, inc., New York). 2. Wilson and Gisvold’s Text-book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (5/e,

1982) by Robert F. Doerge (J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia/Toppan Co. Ltd., Tokyo). 3. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I & II (5/e), by S. S. Kadam, K. R. Mahadik, K. G.

Bothra (Nirali Prakashan). 4. QSAR: quantitative structure-activity relationships in drug design by Jean-Luc Fauchère.

ISBN:084515141X, 9780845151419 5. QSAR : Hansch analysis and related approaches By Hugo Kubinyi

SEMESTER -4 (Organic Chemistry ) CHE(O) 511 & 512 PR

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