M.Sc. (Oral Science) Programme Book 2017-2018 Academic Session

CONTENTS

PAGE

1.

INTRODUCTION TO AMDI

2

2.

WELCOMING REMARKS

3

3.

ORGANIZATION OF M.Sc. (ORAL SCIENCE)

4

4.

ACADEMIC CALENDAR

5

5.

COURSE REGISTRATION AND MODULE

6

7.

MODULE CORRDINATORS

7

8.

TEACHING FACULTY

8

9.

MODULE OBJECTIVES

12

10.

LIST OF READING MATERIALS

21

11.

EVALUATION FORMAT

28

2

INTRODUCTION TO AMDI

The preceding decade has witnessed numerous new developments with regards to

medical and dental knowledge and technology including healthcare. It is imperative that future

initiative steps to be more innovative in exploiting these new advances for the benefit of patients,

particularly in Malaysia and throughout the Asia Pacific. To realise this aim, the Malaysian

government has taken the initiative in establishing the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute

(AMDI) which will function to manifest these aspirations particularly for the benefit of the public in

the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia as well as the whole of Malaysia.

The main mission of AMDI is to function as the prime catalyst in producing specialists and

scientists in both medical and dental fields, who are competent, holistic and contemporary in their

practice and profession as well as capable of generating novel discoveries. AMDI adopts a

comprehensive approach, embracing both the clinical and the pure sciences in all aspects of

operationalisation. It is envisioned that this “cross fertilization” philosophical approach will foster a

fertile and inventive environment that increases the probability of new discoveries in both

dentistry and medicine. The AMDI infrastructure has been designed to facilitate this cross-

fertilization approach.

The operational structure of AMDI, encompassing both clinical services and

administration, classifies a functioning entity as a “cluster” consisting of specialists from various

disciplines and specialisations. The collaborative approach, involving both specialists and

researchers, is in tandem with the aspirations of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), i.e. raising the

standards of research and teaching activities. AMDI will place great emphasis on medical and

dental studies at the postgraduate level. The postgraduate medical and dental studies

programme is supported by the teaching faculty of all clusters. The selection of courses to be

offered also take into consideration services yet to be provided by the Malaysian Ministry of

Health (MOH) so that there will be no overlapping of programmes.

With regards to academic programmes, AMDI will focus on postgraduate programmes

such as Master of Medicine (Specialisation), Master of Science (coursework mode) and research

mode programmes at master’s and doctorate levels. AMDI will initiate efforts to offer sub-

specialisation medical courses such as Master Specialisation and in medical sub-categories, e.g.

Master of Medical Specialisation (Infectious Diseases). AMDI also plans to offer new

programmes at Master’s and doctorate levels as well as new “sandwich” programme, i.e., M.

Med/PhD/DClin.Dent which is envisioned as the byproducts of the integration of pure and clinical

science approach propounded by AMDI.

3

WELCOMING MESSAGE

It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute

(AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia. I would like to congratulate the new postgraduate for being

accepted for the Master of Science (MSc) in Oral Science programme.

The objective of this programme is to produce competent and responsible scientists,

academia and researchers in the area of oral sciences whom are marketable to the industry,

research and higher learning institution.

The MSc (Oral Science) is a one-year mixed mode programme which is divided into

taught courses and research work. The taught courses component is designed to help students

keep abreast with the rapid development in the various disciplines of oral sciences. The students

will benefit from being able to conduct research independently under supervision of experts in

various fields ranging from fundamental science to clinical dentistry. This will enable the students

to acquire a broad knowledge in oral and craniofacial sciences including biomaterials in

craniofacial field that would be translated into greater probability where the students will be more

creative and innovative in their research undertaking.

Learning at AMDI extends far beyond our classrooms, laboratories, and libraries. The

diversity of our backgrounds, talents, and perspectives will continue to enrich us all as we live

and learn together. I also encourage you to engage with AMDI community and take part in

various activities organised by USM in general, and AMDI in particular.

Last, but not least, good luck and all the best and hope you will excel in studies and make

us proud with your best efforts and results.

DR. SITI NOOR FAZLIAH MOHD NOOR

HEAD OF CRANIOFACIAL AND BIOMATERIAL SCIENCES CLUSTER,

AMDI, USM.

4

ORGANIZATION OF MSc. (ORAL SCIENCE) WORKING COMMITTEE

Supporting Staff

Academic & Student Affair Div.

Mrs. Fatimah Othman (Senior Admin Assistant)

04-5622043 Email: fatimahothman@usm.my

Module Coordinators

Dr. Nurulisa Zulkifle (TOS501) E-mail: nurulisa@usm.my

Dr. Anis Farhan Kamaruddin (TOS 502) E-mail: anisfarhan@usm.my

Dr. Sa’adiah Shahabudin (TOS 503) E-mail: saadiahsh@usm.my

Dr. Rafidah Zainon (TMR 504) E-mail: rafidahzainon@usm.my

Dr. Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor (TOS 507) E-mail: fazliah@usm.my

Dr. Kumitaa Theva Das (TOS 504) E-mail: kumitaa@usm.my

Dr. Khoirulzariah Ismail (TOS 505) E-mail: khoirulzariah@usm.my

Dr Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi (TOS 506) E-mail: fatanah.suhaimi@usm.my

Academic & Student Affair Div.

Mr. Yusmadi Norashid (Senior Assistant Registrar)

04-5622352 E-mail: yusmadi@usm.my

Library

Mrs. Hasniza Amno (Head of AMDI Library)

04-5622213 E-mail: ahasniza@usm.my

Programme Chairperson

Dr. Husniyati Roslan E-mail: husniyati@usm.my

Head of Craniofacial and Biomaterial Sciences Cluster

Dr. Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor

E-mail: fazliah@usm.my

5

ACADEMIC CALENDAR

SEMESTER

DURATION

First Semester

11 September 2017 – 21 January 2018

Modules taught: TOS 501: Cell biology TOS 502: Craniofacial function and development TOS 503: Structure and function of the oral cavity TMR 504: Research and professional skills TOS 507: Research

11 September 2017 – 24 December 2017

Revision 25 – 31 December 2017

Semester Exam 01 January 2018 – 21 January 2018

Semester Break 22 January 2018 – 11 February 2018

Second Semester

12 February 2018 – 17 June 2018

Modules taught: TOS 504 : Mechanisms of diseases and oncogenesis TOS 505 : Host and environment TOS 506 : Biomaterial and dental biotechnology TOS 507 : Research

12 February 2018 – 22 Mei 2018

Revision 23 Mei 2018 – 13 June 2018

End of semester exam 18 June 2018 – 02 September 2018

Long Vacation Course

TOS 507 : Submission of Dissertation - Viva June 2018

6

COURSE REGISTRATION AND CURRICULUM STRUCTURE

Type

Code

Module/course Title

Credit Unit

Type

(Code)

First Semester

Lecture/practical/journal club

TOS 501

Cell biology

3

Core (T)

TOS 502

Craniofacial function and development

2 Core (T)

TOS 503

Structure and function of the oral cavity

3 Core (T)

TMR 504

Research and professional skills

3 Core (T)

TOS 507

Research

20

Core (T)

Total credit

31

Second Semester

Lecture/practical/journal club

TOS 504

Mechanisms of diseases and oncogenesis

3 Core (T)

TOS 505

Host and environment

3 Core (T)

TOS 506

Biomaterial and dental biotechnology

3 Core (T)

TOS 507

Research

-

Total credit

9

TOS 507 - Long Vacation Course

-

Total Credit

40

7

MODULE COORDINATORS

First Semester

TOS 501 Cell biology Dr. Nurulisa Zulkifle

TOS 502 Craniofacial function and development Dr. Anis Farhan Kamaruddin

TOS 503 Structure and function of the oral cavity Dr. Sa’adiah Shahabudin

TMR 504 Profesional and research skills Dr. Rafidah Zainon

TOS 507 Research Dr. Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor

Second Semester

TOS 504 Mechanisms of diseases and oncogenesis Dr. Kumitaa Theva Das

TOS 505 Host and environment Dr. Khoirulzariah Ismail

TOS 506 Biomaterial and dental biotechnology Dr. Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi

TOS 507 Research Dr. Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor

8

TEACHING FACULTY

DIRECTOR (AMDI) Norehan Mokhtar (Dr.)

BDS (Malaya) MSc (UK) MOrth RCS (UK) AM (Malaysia)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2003 E-mail:norehan@usm.my

ACADEMIC STAFF Anis Farhan Kamaruddin (Dr.) DDS (USM)

MSc (Orthodontics) (UK) MOrth RCSEd (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2017 E-mail:anisfarhan@.usm.my

Badrul Hisham Yahaya (Associate Professor Dr.) BSc (UKM) MSc (USM) Ph.D. (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2539 E-mail:badrul@usm.my

Citartan a/l Marimuthu (Dr.) BSc (UPM) Ph.D (USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2257 E-mail:citartan@usm.my

Doblin Anak Sandai (Dr.) BSc (USM) MSc (USM) Ph.D (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2386 E-mail:doblin@usm.my

Fatanah Mohamad Suhaimi (Dr.) B.Eng. (IIUM), Ph.D (Canterbury, NZ)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2561 E-mail:fatanah.suhaimi@usm.my Hazwani Ahmad Yusof @ Hanafi (Dr.)

BSc (UKM) MSc (USM) PhD (USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2376 E-mail:hazwanihanafi@usm.my

9

Husniyati Roslan (Dr.)

BDS (Adelaide) MClinDent (Edinburgh) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2247 E-mail:husniyati@usm.my

Jahangir Kamaldin (Dr.) B APP SC (USM) MSc (USM) PhD (USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2380 E-mail:jahangir@usm.my

Khoirulzariah Ismail (Dr.) DDS (USM) MClinDent Orthodontics (UK) MOrth RCSEd (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2287 E-mail:khoirulzariah@usm.my

Kumitaa Theva Das (Dr.)

B Sc (US) PhD (US) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2615 E-mail:kumitaa@usm.my

Md. Azman PKM Seeni Mohamed (Associate Professor Dr.) B.App.Sc. (Hons)(USM) M.Med. (UKM) Ph.D (Nagoya City Univ) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2417

E-mail:azmanseeni@usm.my Muhamad Yusri Musa (Dr.)

MD. (USM) M.Med (USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2650

E-mail:yusri@usm.my Muhammad Amir Yunus (Dr.) B Sc (USM)

PhD (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2560 E-mail:amiryunus@usm.my

Muhammad Azrul Zabidi (Dr.)

B Sc (UIA) MSc (USM) Ph.D (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2018 E-mail:azrul.zabidi@usm.my

Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal (Dr.) BSc (UM) PhD(USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2413

10

E-mail:niksyazni@usm.my Nor Aini Saidin (Dr.)

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (UPM) Diploma in Animal Health and Production (UPM) MSc (Surrey) PhD (U.K), Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2398 E-mail:nor_aini_saidin@usm.my

Nor Hazwani Ahmad (Dr.) B.Sc, (USM) PhD (USM)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2530 E-mail:hazwani_ahmad@usm.my

Nurulisa Zulkifli (Dr.)

B.Sc. Hons (USM) M.Sc. (USM) PhD (UK)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2504 E-mail:nurulisa@usm.my

Rafidah Zainon (Dr.)

B.Sc. (USM) M.Sc. (USM) Ph.D (New Zealand)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2554 E-mail:rafidahzainon@usm.my

Rohayu Hami (Dr.) MD(USM) DrPH (USM)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2554 E-mail:rohayuhami@usm.my

Sa’adiah Shahbuddin (Dr.) B.D.S (Malaya) M.Sc (London) D.D.P.H R.C.S (England) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2396 E-mail:saadiahsh@usm.my

Sharlina Mohamad (Dr.)

BSc. (Mikrobiologi) PhD (Sains Perubatan)

Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2305 E-mail:sharlina@usm.my Siti Hawa Ngalim (Dr.)

B.Sc. (USA) M.Res (UK) Ph.D (UNSW) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2383 E-mail:sitihawa@usm.my

11

Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor (Dr.)

BDS (Malaya) MClinDent (Child Dental Health)(Malaya) MFDS RCS England (UK) Ph.D (UK) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2393 E-mail:fazliah@usm.my

Siti Razila Abdul Razak (Dr.)

B.Sc (Biotechnology) M.Sc (Medical Research) PhD (Japan) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2305 E-mail:sitirazila@usm.my

Zainoodin Sheikh Abdul Kader (Associate Professor Dr.) CERT MED LAB TECHNO (USM) DIP MED LAB TECHNO (USM)

B Sc (Hons) (UK) PhD (USM) Tel: 04-5622888 ext. 2257 E-mail:zainoodin@usm.my

SCHOOL OF MATERIALS & MINERAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING, USM Hasmaliza Mohamad(Associate Professor Dr.) B.Eng (Hons) Materials Engineering (USM) MSc Materials Engineering (USM) PhD Ceramic/Composite (USM)

Tel: 04-5995099 ext.5263 E-mail:hasmaliza@usm.my

Nurazreena Ahmad (Dr.) B.Eng: Materials Engineering (USM)

MSC: Materials Engineering (USM) PhD: Dental Science, Kyushu University, (Japan) Tel: 04-5995099 ext. 6117 E-mail:nurazreena@usm.my

Zuhailawati Hussain (Professor Dr.) B.Eng (Hons) Materials Engineering (USM) MSc Materials Engineering (USM) PhD Composite Materials (USM)

Tel: 04-5995099 ext.6100 E-mail:zuhaila@usm.my

SCHOOL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, USM Masitah Hayati Harun (Dr.) DDS (UKM) MClinDent (Oral Pathology & Oral Medicine) (Malaya)

Tel: 09-7675999 ext. 5854 E-mail:masitah@usm.my

12

MODULE SYNOPSES

TOS 501 Module: Cell Biology

Objectives Candidate attending this course will have understanding regarding the structure and

fuction of cell and uses this knowledge in the cell biology research.

Synopsis The module starts with the introduction to the normal cell and its function. The module

stresses on the function of the cell in relation to its environment, hormonal changes, cell

signalling especially factors that regulate its growth. Cell interaction, its role and mechanism of

the endocrine gland will also be covered. The knowledge will be the basis in understanding the

features of cell behaviour in relation to disease process. This module will be conveyed in the form

of lectures, tutorials and seminars.

Topics 1. Introduction to human and animal cell biology

2. Cell structure and function

3. Growth factors

4. Cell reseptors

5. Cell signaling

6. Signal transduction and transcription factors

7. Protein synthesis

a. overview of protein synthesis

b. genetic code

c. transcription (DNA RNA)

d. translation (RNA protein)

e. inititation, elongation and termination

f. protein synthesis in mitochondria

8. Cellular growth, differentiation and maturation

9. Cell metabolism

10. Cell cycle control, ageing and apoptosis

11. Cell biology concepts

a. cell therapy

b. cloning

c. cell disruption

13

TOS 502 Module: Craniofacial Function and Development Objectives

Candidate will have understanding of the mechanism of gametogenesis and embryology,

growth and function of the craniofacial structures. Candidate will appreciate the abnormal growth

and congenital malformations, understand the new and current philosophy in the treatment of

craniofacial deformities. Candidate will use the acquired knowledge in understanding the

processes of wound healing, tissue genesis and principle in tissue regeneration. Synopsis

The purpose of this course is to introduce and expose candidate to the function and

growth of craniofacial skeleton from embryology until maturation. It also emphasizes the factors

that cause craniofacial malformation and effects of that problem. Brief explanation regarding the

mechanism in the molecular of the intrauterine life is also given. New and current treatment

modalities of the craniofacial malformation based on the pathological experimental and relevant

ethical issues is also addressed. This module will be conveyed in the form of lectures, tutorials

and seminars.

Topics

1. Introduction to craniofacial function and development

2. The development of craniofacial structures from the embryological stage to maturation of

the:

a. oral cavity, pharyngeal arches and tongue

b. face, nasal cavity and the palate

c. skull, maxilla and mandible

d. teeth and supporting structures

3. Epidemiology and classification of craniofacial defects

4. Principles of human genetics

5. Genetic and environmental factors leading to craniofacial defects

6. Nutrition, maternal health and the foetus

7. Effects of craniofacial defects on the function

8. Treatment options for congenital maldevelopment

14

TOS 503 Module: Structure and Function of the Oral Cavity

Objectives Candidate finishing this course will have an understanding of the structure and function of

the oral cavity, understand the various investigation techniques in relation to oral problems and

appreciate the current treatment modalities using biotechnology and biomaterial.

Synopis

Candidate will learn the normal structure and fuction of human body and understand in

detail the micro and macro anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity. Candidate will apreciate

the function of oral cavity in relation to system of other organ in the body. Topic will be stressed

on the important function of oral such as mastication, swallowing, speech, breathing, smell and

taste. Practical session in and outside the office will involve clinical visits to enable the candidate

observing patients having abnormal oral anatomy and physiology. This module will be conveyed

in the form of lectures, tutorials and assignments.

Topics

1. Structure and function of the oral cavity

a. hard tissues

b. soft tissues

2. Common diseases affecting the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity: causes,

symptoms, exams and tests, treatment and rehabilitation

3. Temporomandibular joints

a. structure and function

b. problems: causes, symptoms, exams and tests, treatment and

rehabilitation

4. Fundamentals of saliva:

a. physiology

b. proteins

c. diseases

d. diagnostics

5. Mastication and swallowing

6. Physiology of smell: olfaction and receptor transduction

7. Taste and taste receptors

8. Disorders of taste and olfaction

9. Physiology of speech

10. Facial aesthetics

11. Ageing of the oral cavity

12. Comparative anatomy and physiology

15

TMR 504 Module: Professional and Research Skills

Objectives Candidate completing the course will have the communication skills and able to prepare

and present their research results using the latest information technology and comunication.

Candidate will understand the research methodology including the importance of statistics and

the use of statistical software to analyse data and, understand the importance of science

informatic especially those with interaction in the field of Bioinformatics, Clinical Informatics and

Laboratory Information Management System.

Synopis The course will begin with the introduction to the research skill in common medicine and

will be adressed in various lectures, course work and assignment presentation.

Topics 1. Introduction to Research I and II

a. Introduction to the Library Search

b. Retrieve information using eLibrary system

c. Introduction to Endnote program

d. Introduction to various type of research

e. Ethics and responsibility in research

f. Research structure in USM and Malaysia

g. Research sponsor agency in Malaysia

h. Writing research proposal

i. Writing research proposal in electronic field

2. Introduction to Research Management Skills

a. Managing research account

b. Buying procedure

c. Management of research apparatus and materials

3. Introduction to IT and Science: Role and IT services in Centre for Knowledge,

Communication & Technology to support research activity in USM

4. Introduction to Multimedia Skills

a. Producing multimedia materials

b. The use of multimedia in teaching

c. The use of multimedia in preparation of research presentation and production of

materials

d. Visits to the multimedia laboratory in Centre for Instructional Technology &

Multimedia.

16

5. Communications skills

a. Presentation skills in front of audiences

b. The art of research paper presentation

c. Preparation for oral presentation

d. Group communication skills

6. Scientific writing

a. Introduction to scientific writing

b. Introduction to thesis/dissertation writing

c. Introduction to scientific research paper writing

d. Comments on the results of scientific research

7. Organisation psychology

a. Psychology working in group

b. Relationship between head and staff

c. Emotional intelligence

d. Interaction skills

8. Statitical Skills I and II

a. Introduction to medical and research statistic

b. Research methodolgy

c. Sample size calculation

d. Statistical importance in research proposal

e. Statistical analysis from research experiments: The use of mathematical software

in statistical analysis

9. Bioinformatics

a. Introduction to bioinformatics

b. Bioinformatic research services in USM

c. The use on bioinformatics software in pharmaceutical

10. Creativity and innovation

a. Nurturing research creativity in individual and other people

b. National strategy in promoting creativity agenda

c. The role of science and technology in innovation and development

11. Research and community: The role of research in community development

17

TOS 504 Module: Oncogenes and disease mechanism

Objectives

Candidate completing this course will have an understanding of the mechanism in

aetiology, cellular and molecular, pathogenesis between the oral diseases and normal tissues,

knowing the normal and pathogenic microorganism in the oral cavity, cell cycle in relation to the

oncogens, proto-oncogenes and DNA repair mechanisms and, effect of genetic factors and the

environment on oral oncogenesis. The knowledge acquired will be used in preventing the oral

and dental problems especially oral cancers and, promoting research activity in diagnosing,

prognosis and treatment of oral cancers.

Synopsis

The course will introduce and expose candidate to the basic of disease mechanism and

cancer spread. Disease mechanism at the cellular and molecular level will be discussed which

will include the pathogenesis aspects and disease diagnostics: including infective, deteriorating,

autoimmune and cancer development. Candidate will be updated on the latest and current

information of cancer research in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. This module will be

adressed in various lectures, tutorials, seminar and assignment.

Topics 1. Introduction to the mechanisms of diseases

2. Infectious oral diseases :

a. Aetiology

b. Pathogenesis: Cellular and molecular mechanisms

c. Diagnostic aspects

d. Treatment

3. Degenerative oral diseases

a. Aetiology

b. Pathogenesis: Cellular and molecular mechanisms

c. Diagnostic aspects

d. Treatment

4. Autoimmune oral diseases

a. Aetiology

b. Pathogenesis: Cellular and molecular mechanisms

c. Diagnostic aspects

d. Treatment

5. Oncogenes (overview of oncogene activation)

6. Effects of genetic mutations on cells

18

7. Growth factors and receptors in cancer

8. Signal transduction and transcription factors in cancer

9. Cancer cell cycle and apoptosis

10. Cancer therapy and discoveries in cancer research

TOS 505 Module: Host and Environment

Objectives

To enable the candidate in understanding the effect of environmental disturbances such

as physical, chemical, radiation and biological and its reaction in the healing process. Know the

oral microorganism and its activity within the oral cavity and, understand the mechanism of oral

diseases. Candidate will be able to justify the cross infection control and antimicrobial therapy in

dentistry and know the various microbiological techniques in oral science especially the

molecular diagnosis.

Synopsis

The module introduces the candidate to the cell interaction and the environment.

Common microbiology including bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology with emphasis

on oral diseases and diagnostic will be highlighted. The cross infection control techniques and

antimicrobial therapy in dentistry will be included. Candidate will understand the biological

reaction to the physical, chemical, radiation and toxic environment and healing process with

regards to the regrowth, healing and dying process. Candidate will learn about the advances in

molecular oral science. This module will be adressed in various lectures, tutorials, seminar and

assignment.

Topics

1. Pathology of inflammation, healing and repair of tissue

2. Physical, chemical, radiation insults on cell

3. Biological insults on cells:

a. Bacteriology

b. Virology

c. Mycology

4. Microbiology of plaque and caries

5. Microbiology of periodontal diseases

6. Pulp and periapical infections

7. Oral microbes and systemic diseases

19

8. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases

9. Diagnostic microbiology

10. Antimicrobial therapies related to dentistry

11. Host defenses in the oral cavity

12. Hospital infections, sterilisation and disinfection

TOS 506 Module: Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Dentistry

Objectives Upon completion, candidate will be able to identify the physical, chemical and mechanical

properties of biomaterials. Candidate will understand the use of biomaterials in oral health and

related research, and the apparatus used in biomaterials science. The knowledge will be applied

during performing biomaterial sensibility testing, identifying and understanding the techniques in

tissue engineering such as scaffold fabrication and its application. Candidate will have the

knowledge in the principles and biotechnology application in oral science.

Synopsis The module will begin with the introduction to synthetic and natural biomaterial. Candidate

will be exposed to the commonly used biotechnology techniques and its application to oral

science in the repair and development of human body. Brief introduction to advance biomaterials,

classification and its applications in medical and dental field, and biotechology procedure to the

suitability of the biomaterials in tissue engineering will be included. The biotechnology principle

using cells, scaffold applications and molecular markers marking for tissue reconstruction will be

introduced and knowledge gained will be applied in research in this area. Candidate will be

exposed to the issue of quality control and laboratory management.

Topics

1. Introduction to biomaterials

2. Biomaterial classification: I. Polymers

3. Biomaterial classification: II. Ceramic

4. Biomaterial classification: III. Metal

5. Biomaterial classification: IV. Composite

6. Chemical, physical, biological and mechanical properties of biomaterials

7. Apparatus in biomaterial testing

8. Applicability and toxic level of biomaterials

9. Oral implantology and biomaterial

10. Introduction to biotechnology

20

11. Tissue engineering

12. Science laboratory and Good Laboratory Practice

TOS 507 Module: Research

Objectives

Candidate undergoing this module will be able to find, study, conclude paperwork from

published research papers, prepare and conduct quality scientific research, and coordinate

timetable and critically analyse research results and find the suitable reason for the published

results. Candidate will be able to write dissertation and publishable manuscript and present

research work in scientific meeting in seminar or conferences locally or internationally.

Synopsis In the first semester students with the help of supervisors, will draft a research proposal

based on the ‘USM Short Term Research Grant Form’ and consequently, present it before the

AMDI Research & Ethics Committee. Students will begin writing up their dissertation on

‘Introduction’, ‘Literature Review’ and ‘Materials & Methods’ in the first semester.

In the second semester, students will conduct their research under the supervision of their

respective supervisors and co-supervisors and continue with their writing.

Students are required to do a write up of their dissertations based on the book ‘Guide to

the preparation of dissertation for master of science programme’ provided by AMDI Academic

office. The dissertation will be assessed by supervisors and examiners followed by a viva voce.

Topic Research topic must be related to the field of Oral Science.

21

LIST OF READING MATERIALS

TOS 501 Module: Cell Biology

1. Bradshaw RA and Dennis EA (Eds) 2003. Handbook of Cell Signaling. Academic Press.

2. Carlson BM 2008. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Mosby.

3. Garcia KC 2004. Cell Surface Receptors. Academic Press.

4. Gnepp DR (Editor) 2001. Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck. Philadelphia;

W.B. Saunders.

5. Gomperts BD et. al 2002. Signal Transduction. Academic Press.

6. Hancock JT 2005. Cell Signalling. Oxford University Press, USA.

7. Latchman DS 2007. Eukaryotic Transcription Factors. Academic Press.

8. Liljas A 2004. Structural Aspects Of Protein Synthesis. World Scientific Publishing

Company.

9. Limbird LE 2004. Cell Surface Receptors: A Short Course on Theory and Methods.

Springer.

10. Locker J (Ed) 2001. Transcription Factors (Human Molecular Genetics). Academic Press.

11. Madshus IH (Ed) 2004. Signalling from Internalised Growth Factor Receptors. Current

Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer.

TOS 502 Module: Craniofacial Function and Development

1. Sadler TW 2000. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 8th Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

2. Moore KL and Persaud TVN 2007. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented

Embryology. Saunders.

3. Langlais RP, Miller CS and Gehric JS 2010. Color Atlas of Common Oral Diseases Fourth

Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

4. Carlson BM 2014. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 5th Ed. CV Mosby

2014.

5. Sperber GH Sperber SM, Guttmann GD. Shelton, CT.Craniofacial Embryogenetics And

Development 2010. People’s Medical Publishing House-USA

6. International Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (IDCFA), WHO 2016.

http://www.who.int/genomics/anomalies/en/

22

7. Global registry and database on craniofacial anomalies. Report of a WHO Registry Meeting

on Craniofacial Anomalies Bauru, Brazil, 4-6 December 2001 Main editors: Professor P.

Mossey (United Kingdom) Professor E. Castilla (Brazil).

8. Understanding Craniofacial Anomalies; The Etiopathogenesis of Craniosynostoses and

Facial Clefting, Moonies & Siegel, 2002. Wiley-Liss

9. Genetics of Craniofacial Development and Malformation, Andrew O. M.Wilkie

and Gillian M.Morriss-Kay, Nature Reviews, VOLUME 2,JUNE 2001

10. Cobourne, M. T., & DiBiase, A. T. (2015). Handbook of orthodontics. 2nd ed.

Edinburgh: Mosby.

11. Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W., & Sarver, D. M. (2013). Contemporary orthodontics.

5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier.

12. Plomp, R. G., van Lieshout, M. J., Joosten, K. F., Wolvius, E. B., van der Schroeff,

M. P., Versnel, S. L., ... & Mathijssen, I. M. (2016). Treacher collins syndrome: A

systematic review of evidence-based treatment and recommendations. Plastic and

reconstructive surgery, 137(1), 191-204.

13. David, D.J., Anderson, P., Flapper, W., Syme-Grant, J., Santoreneos, S. and

Moore, M., 2016. Apert Syndrome: Outcomes From the Australian Craniofacial

Unit's Birth to Maturity Management Protocol. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery,

27(5), pp.1125-1134.

14. Golan, I., Baumert, U., Hrala, B.P. and Müßig, D., 2014. Dentomaxillofacial

variability of cleidocranial dysplasia: clinicoradiological presentation and systematic

review. Dentomaxillofacial radiology.

15. Paley, B. and O'Connor, M.J., 2009. Intervention for individuals with fetal alcohol

spectrum disorders: Treatment approaches and case management.Developmental

Disabilities Research Reviews, 15(3), pp.258-267.

16. Cole, A., Lynch, P. and Slator, R., 2008. A new grading of Pierre Robin sequence.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 45(6), pp.603-606.

17. Evans, K.N., Sie, K.C., Hopper, R.A., Glass, R.P., Hing, A.V. and Cunningham,

M.L., 2011. Robin sequence: from diagnosis to development of an effective

management plan. Pediatrics, 127(5), pp.936-948.

18. Bookman, L.B., Melton, K.R., Pan, B.S., Bender, P.L., Chini, B.A., Greenberg, J.M.,

Saal, H.M., Taylor, J.A. and Elluru, R.G., 2011. Neonates with Tongue-Based

Airway Obstruction A Systematic Review.Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery.

19. Thompson, J.T., Anderson, P.J. and David, D.J., 2009. Treacher Collins

syndrome: protocol management from birth to maturity. Journal of Craniofacial

Surgery, 20(6), pp.2028-2035.

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TOS 503: Structure and Function of the Oral Cavity

1. Behrman A 2007. Speech and Voice Science. Plural Publishing.

2. Cawson RA, Odell EW 2008. Cawson’s Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine.

Churchill Livingstone

3. Fragiskos FD(ed) 2007. Oral Surgery. Springer.

4. Gandolfo S et al (eds) 2007. Oral medicine. Churchill Livingstone

5. Goldstein RE 2001. Esthetics in Dentistry, Volume 2: Esthetic Problems of Individual Teeth,

Missing Teeth, Malocclusion, Special Populations. B.C. Decker.

6. Hummel T and Welge-Lussen A 2006. Taste and Smell: An Update, Vol. 63. Karger, S. Inc.

7. Miles TS, Nauntofte B, Svenson P Clinical Oral Physiology. Quintessence International.

8. Mueller H 2004. Periodontology: The Essentials. Thieme Medical Publishers.

9. Short MJ 2002. Head, Neck and Dental Anatomy. Delmar Cengage Learning.

10. Woelfel JB and Scheid RC 2002. Dental Anatomy: Its Relevance to Dentistry. Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins

11. Srivastava R (Ed) 2007. Apoptosis, Cell Signaling, and Human Diseases: Molecular

Mechanisms, Volume 2. Hamana Press.

12. Stein GS and Pardee AB (Eds) 2004. Cell Cycle and Growth Control: Biomolecular

Regulation and Cancer. Wiley-Liss.

13. Okeson JO 2012. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 7th edition. Elsevier.

14. Dawson PE 2007. Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design. Mosby.

15. Naini, Farhad B. Facial aesthetics: concepts and clinical diagnosis. John Wiley & Sons,

2011.

16. MOORE, K. L., & DALLEY, A. F. (1999). Clinically oriented anatomy. Philadelphia,

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

17. HALL, J. E., & GUYTON, A. C. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology.

Philadelphia, PA, Saunders Elsevier.

http://www.clinicalkey.com/dura/browse/bookChapter/3-s2.0-C20090602506.

18. Daniel J. Chiego. (2014) Essentials Of Oral Histology And Embryology. Mosby.

19. Antonio Nanci. (2012) Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, And Function,

Elsevier.

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TMR 504: Profesional and Research Skills

Textbooks

1. Bell J and Opise C (ed) 2002. Learning from Research: Getting more from your data. Open

University Press.

2. Bland M. (ed) 2000. An introduction to Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press.

3. Claverie (ed) 2003. Bioinformatic for Dummies. John Wiley & Son Inc.

4. Horris C (ed) 2000. Networking for Success: The NCP Approach to a Key Business and

Social Skill. Oak Tree Press.

5. Khosrow-pour M (ed) 2002. Web-based instructional learning. McGraw-Hill.

6. Lest AM (ed) 2002. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford University Press.

7. Pallant J (ed) 2001. SPSS Survival Manual: A step-by-step Guide to Data Analysis Using

SPSS for Windows (Version 10). Open University Press.

8. Pickering P (ed) 2001. How to make the most of your workday. Careean Press,

Incorporated.

9. Rahman S (ed) 2001. Multimedia networking technology, management and applications.

Idea group publishing.

10. Rotondo J and Rotondo M (eds) 2001. Presentation skills for managers. McGraw Hill.

Journal

1. BMC Medical Education Journal

2. Medical Teacher, Published in collaboration with The Association for Medical Education in

Europe by Informa Healthcare

3. New England Journal of Medicine

TOS 504: Disease Mechanism and Oncogenes

1. Ariyosi W, Avery CME, Blanco-Carrion A and Cedrun JLL 2007. Oral Cancer Research

Advances. Nova Science Pub. Inc.

2. Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, (Eds) 2005. WHO Classifications of

Tumours. Pathology & Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. IARC Press: Lyon.

3. Fejerskov O and Kidd E (Eds) 2003. Dental Caries: the Disease and its Clinical

Management. Wiley-Blackwell.

4. Hacker J et al (eds) 2002. Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions between

Microorganisms and Cells. Wiley-Spektrum.

25

5. Laskaris G and Scully C 2002. Periodontal Manifestations of Local and Systemic Diseases:

color Atlas and Text. Springer.

6. Lax A et al (eds) 2004. Bacterial Protein Toxins: Role in the Interference with Cell Growth

Regulation. Cambridge University Press.

7. Pecorino L 2006. Molecular Biology of Cancer: Mechanisms, Targets and Therapeutics

(2nd. Ed.). Oxford University Press.

8. Ruddon RW 2007. Cancer Biology (4th. Ed.). Oxford University Press.

9. Shah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG, (Eds) 2002. Textbook of Oral Cancer (2nd Ed.).

Thieme Medical Publishers.

10. Sonnenschein C and Soto AM. Theories of carcinogenesis: An emerging perspective.

Seminars in Cancer Biology, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 26 March 2008.

11. Wolfgang A Schulz 2007. Molecular Biology of Human Cancer: An Advanced Student’s

Textbook. Springer.

12. Nanomedicine and Cancer Therapies (Advances in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology) 1st

Edition

13. Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery, Volume Two: Nano-Engineering Strategies and

Nanomedicines against Severe Diseases.

14. Applications of Biotechnology in Oncology 2014th Edition

TOS 505: Host and Environment

1. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S 2007. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Saunders.

2. Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt I 2006. Roitt’s Essential Immunology. Wiley-Blackwell

3. Greenwood D et. al 2007. Medical Microbiology. Churchill Livingstone

4. Lamont RJ., Burne R A. , Lantz MS., & LeBlanc DJ. (Eds) 2006. Oral microbiology and

immunology. ASM Press

5. Rogers AH (Ed) 2008. Molecular Oral Microbiology. Caister Academic Press

Samaranayake LP 2006. Essential Microbiology for Dentistry. Churchill Livingstone.

Schaechter M 1998. Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Woolverton CJ, Willey J, Sherwood LM 2007. Prescott, Harley, and Klein's Microbiology.

McGraw-Hill.

6. Cawson's essentials of oral pathology and oral medicine / R.A. Cawson and E.W. Odell

Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone, 2008Edition: 8th ed.

7. Comprehensive review of oral medicine / Pramod John R. New Delhi : CBS Publishers &

Distributors 2005

26

8. Oral medicine and pathology at a Glance / Crispian Scully...[et al.]Scully, Crispian.United

Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2010

TOS 506: Biomaterial and Dental Biotechnology

1. OECD Series On Principles of Good Laboratory Practice & Compliance Monitoring

(Document No. 1 to 16)

2. ISO/IEC 17025: General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration

Laboratories

3. ISO 9000: Quality Management Systems - Fundamentals and Vocabulary

4. ISO10993: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices

5. Gottfried Schmals & Dorthe Arenholt-Bindslev (2009). Biocompatibility of dental materials.

6. Joseph D. Bronzino. Biomaterial: The biomedical engineering handbook, second edition

7. Powers MJ and Wataha JC 2008. Dental Materials: Properties and Manipulation, 9th

edition. Mosby.

8. McCabe JF and Walls WG 2008. Applied Dental Materials. Blackwell Publishing.

9. Watzek G 2004. Implants in qualitatively compromised bone. Quintessence Books.

10. Mish CE 2007. Contemporary implant dentistry. Mosby.

11. Craig, R. G., Powers, J. M., & Sakaguchi, R. L. (2006). Craig's restorative dental materials.

St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier.

12. Anderson MA (ed) 2002. GLP Essentials: A Concise Guide to Good laboratory Practise.

CRC Press.

13. Anusavice K J., (ed) 2003. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. Elsevier.

14. Black J (ed) 2005. Biological Performance of Materials: Fundamentals of Biocompatibility.

CRC.

15. Cambell AM and Heyer LJ (eds) 2003, Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and

Bioinformatics. Addison Wesley.

16. Dee KC, Puleo DA, Bizios R (ed) 2002. An Introduction to Tissue-Biomaterial Interactions.

Wiley-Liss.

17. Park JB and Lakes RS, (ed) 2007. Biomaterials. Springer.

18. Park JB and Bronzino JD, (ed) 2002. Biomaterials: Principles and Applications. CRC.

19. Primrose SB and Twyman R (eds) 2002. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics.

Blackwell Science.

20. Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE, (ed) 2004. Biomaterials Science, An

Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Academic Press.

21. Sambrook J and Russel D (eds) 2000. Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring. Harbor Laboratory

Press.

27

22. Swadesh J and Swadesh JK (eds) 2001. HPLC : Practical and Industrial Applications

(Analytical Chemistry). CRC Press.

23. Van Noort R (ed) 2003. Introduction to Dental Materials. Mosby.

TOS 507: Research

1. Blaxter et al (eds) 2001. How to Research. Open University Press.

2. Dunleary P (ed) 2003. Authoring a PhD: How to plan, Draft, Write and Finish a Doctoral

Thesis on Dissertation. Palgrave MacMillan.

3. Phillips E.M and Pugh D.S (eds) 2000. How to get a PhD. A handbook for students and

their supervisors. Open University Press.

4. Silverman D (ed). Doing Qualitative Research: A practical handbook. Sage Publications.

5. Science Research Writing For Non-Native Speakers Of English 2010 Hilary Glasman-Deal,

Imperial College Press.

EVALUATION FORMAT

ASSESSMENT OF THE FORMAL TAUGHT MODULES

The formal taught modules will be graded and recorded as Grade Point Average (GPA) and the

28

final GPA over the two semesters will be recorded as cumulative GPA (CGPA). The marking of the answer scripts will be based on the standard mark from 0 % to 100 % for a perfect answer. This mark will be converted to the GPA based on the following system:

Mark (%) Grade Grade Point Result

80 - 100 A 4.00

PASS

70 - 79 A- 3.67

64 - 69 B+ 3.33

58 - 63 B 3.00

52 - 57 B- 2.67

46 - 51 C+ 2.33

40 - 45 C 2.00

FAIL

36 - 39 C- 1.67

32 - 35 D+ 1.33

28 - 31 D 1.00

25 - 27 D- 0.67

0 - 24 F 0.00

For each module, continuous assessment will contribute 30% of the final mark while the end of the semester examination will contribute the other 70%.

The final grade for the module will be based on the summation of the Continuous Assessment and the end-of-the Semester Exam.

A. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Component of continuous assessment (30%) • Attitude • Quiz • Seminar presentation/ journal club • Assignment Forgery Candidates are reminded that the assignment must be written in that their own words and “cut and paste” activity will not be tolerated. Serious action will be taken on student who is caught.

29

B. Semester Examination (70%)

At the end of each semester, each module will have an exam paper comprising:

• MCQ • Essay • OSPE

C. The Final Grade

The final grade for the module will be based on the summation of the Continuous Assessment and the Semester Exam.

ASSESMENT OF THE RESEARCH COMPONENT

For the research component, candidates will be assessed as PASS or FAIL based on the reports submitted by the Main Supervisor and the dissertation assessment reports by the internal examiners, external examiners (if applicable) and the supervisors.

REQUIREMENT FOR GRADUATION

In order to graduate, candidates must satisfy requirement 1 and 2 below:

Requirement 1:

i. A CGPA of at least 3.0 and; ii. A GPA of not less than 2.33 (C+) for each of the formal taught courses.

and

Requirement 2:

A PASS for the research module.

-oo000oo-