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MS4 Stormwater and
Good Housekeeping
TrainingPennsylvania Environmental Council
Presenters:
Susan Myerov, AICP – Program Director - Watersheds
Paul Racette – Programs Manager-Watersheds
Spring 2018
The Council (PEC) protects and restores the natural and built environments
through innovation, collaboration, education and advocacy.
PEC believes in the value of partnerships with the private sector, government, communities and individuals to improve the quality of life for all Pennsylvanians.
PEC PROGRAMS AREAS
• Trails and Greenways
• Energy and Climate
• Water Resources
Agenda
• Stormwater Runoff
Pollutants
• Good Housekeeping
Practices
• Stormwater Facility
Operation & Maintenance
• Attendee Survey
FEDERAL CLEAN WATER ACT
Goal: Clean Rivers & Streams
“Fishable”
“Swimmable”
“Drinkable”
By controlling…
1. Industrial Discharges
2. Agricultural Runoff
3. Mine Drainage
4. Urban Runoff
1.1 million
drink water
from
Schuylkill
River
Urban Runoff Pollution
A major source of
water pollution
in our
Nation’s waterways
today
Activities contributing to “urban”
stormwater runoff pollution:
» Road Maintenance
» Vehicle Fleet Management
» Fueling & Vehicle Repair
» Loading, Transfer & Storage
» Waste Management
» Painting & Coating
» Cleaning & Degreasing
» Facility, Park, Landscape Maintenance
Oil & Grease
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Toxics
Chlorides
Common Stormwater Pollutants
1 quart of oil contaminates
250,000 gallonsof water
OIL AND GREASE
SEDIMENT POLLUTION
Eroding banks
Excess Phosphorus& Nitrogen
cause algae blooms that
consume oxygen in streams.
NUTRIENT POLLUTION
Street Litter ends up in
our waterways
TRASH, DEBRIS & LITTER
Of 830 pounds of litter removed from a 1/4 mile of
the Schuylkill River during a cleanup event last year,
4,670 plastic bottles were collected.
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
ChemicalsSolvents & DegreasersAnti-Freeze & CoolantHydraulic FluidLubricants & GreasePaints & Coatings
Pesticides & HerbicidesDetergents & Degreasers
Easily transported by
groundwater
Not easily removed
once dissolved
Degrades drinking water
quality and taste
Toxic in freshwater
streams
Saline water is more
corrosive to vehicles &
infrastructure
ROAD SALT - CHLORIDES
CONNECT TO
COMMUNITY
CONCERN
WHERE WILL POLLUTANTS GO IF NOT
CONTROLLED AT THE SOURCE ?
Rain and snowmelt carry diffuse pollutants into a
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)
that discharges into creeks and rivers
✓ FACILITY INVENTORY
✓ FACILITY OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
PLAN
✓ EMPLOYEE TRAINING
To reduce urban runoff pollution, MS4s
must comply with DEP MS4 Permit.
Required Control Measures:
Facility Inventory
• Streets, roads, highways, and parking lots
• Maintenance and storage yards
• Waste transfer stations
• Parks
• Fleet or maintenance shops
• Wastewater treatment plants,
• Stormwater conveyances (open and closed)
• Riparian buffers
• Stormwater storage or treatment units (e.g. basins, constructed
wetlands, etc.).
Facility Inventory: Activities
• Inlet/outlet cleaning
• Lawn/grounds care
• Storm system maintenance, inspection, and repair
• Park and open space maintenance
• Municipal building maintenance
• New construction and land disturbances
• Right of way maintenance
• Vehicle maintenance, operation, fueling, and washing
• Material transfer operations, including leaf/yard debris
• Pickup and disposal procedures
Minimum Control Measure 6
Employ
Pollution Prevention (P2)
Good Housekeeping
Best Management Practices
(BMPs) to control stormwater runoff
pollution
PUBLIC WORKS
GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING BMPS
Vehicle Fueling
Vehicle Maintenance
Vehicle Washing
Winter Road
Management
Vehicle Fueling
Monitor fueling activity
Don’t top it off
Cleanup spills immediately
Prevent fuels from entering storm drains
Prevent exposure to rain
Don’t hose down fueling areas
Cleanup using dry cleaning
methods
Routinely wipe down spigots &
ports
Refueling off site?
employ P2 Measures
keep spill cleanup supplies on hand
away from inlets and
waterways
Re-Fueling
Rules of Thumb
Fuel Tanks• On concrete pad
• Elevated off the
ground
• Overfill prevention
system
• Secondary
containment
VEHICLE FUELING
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE BMPS
Damaged Vehicles:Steer clear of storm Inlets
Park indoors or under
cover
Collect leaking fluids
Empty drip pans as
needed
Report damage & leaks
VEHICLE MAINTENANCEAnti-freeze, Coolant,
Brake Cleaner, Degreasers, Solvents,
Batteries,
Used Filters & Rags…Material Storage and
Handling:Prevent exposure to rain &
runoff
Away from storm inlets
Know the procedures:– Indoors or under cover
– On concrete surface
– Secondary containment
– Safe & stable storage
– Dispose properly
Refer to Material Safety Data
Sheets
Vehicle Maintenance
Fluid Transfer:Know procedures Use supplies to simplify tasksUse designated stationsSecondary containmentCleanup spilled productDry wipe ports & containers
WHAT ARE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS?Any item or agent with the potential to cause
harm to humans, animals, or the environment
biological
chemical
radiological
physical
Laws govern manufacture, distribution
and use, disposal, cleanup and
remediation
Federal Laws– Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) – Department of Transportation (DOT) – Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Label Containers!
SPILL RESPONSE & CLEANUP
1. Be Prepared.
Proper Response and Cleanup Procedures
Storm Drain Inlet Locations
2. Protect Inlets Immediately
3. Locate Spill Cleanup Supplies
4. Apply Absorbent
5. Cleanup and Dispose of Spent Absorbent
6. Reapply absorbent as needed
If Hazardous Waste,
must dispose as
such.
If don’t know, consult
MSDS
ABSORBENTS
Different absorbent products may absorb specific product or chemical.
Granular Products
Absorbent pads & mats
Drum covers & pillows
Replenish Supplies !
VEHICLE WASHINGRoutine dry wipe down
Don’t hose off vehicles into
storm drains unless inlets have
treatment structures
Use designated wash station
that filters wash-water
Avoid excessive detergent
Hydra-clean
West Goshen Township
VEHICLE WASHING - TREATMENT
DEVICES
Water Quality Inserts:
Trap Grit & Dirt
Particles
Capture Oil &
Petroleum
Vehicle Washing - Recycle Wash
System
Indoor Vehicle Wash
Station wastewater is
captured, filtered,
cleaned and reused
East
Bradford
Township
Preferable Cleaners = Easier on the Environment :
“Phosphate-free”
Aqueous = water-based
Citrus-based cleaners are preferable
• non-toxic
• no chlorinated ingredients
• biodegradable
Note: must contain “Citrus Oil” to avoid rust
Biodegradable = bacteria naturally breaks down
constituents in a reasonable timeframe
The Deal with Detergents…
Big Job - “Black Roads” without degrading streams and drinking water quality. Public Safety First!
Winter Roads
In U.S, 20 million tons NaCl on roads
every winter. ~13 times more salt than used
by food processing industry.
Science of The Total Environment, February
2018, Stetsa, et. al.
29% of sites exceeded USEPA Chloride concentration criteria by an average of more than 100 individual days per year during 2006–2011.
Science of The Total Environment, March 2015Corsi, et. al.
Avoid overfilling
Make sure spreaders are working properly
Adjust “load-throw” as you go, based on real-
time conditions
Only last truck in Plow Train dispenses salt
Avoid stream crossings
Go back and sweep up
Obtain upper management direction
Road Salting
Salt the Earth… Wisely
Be Aware of Sensitive
Areas:
• Well Head Protection
• Drinking Water Recharge
• Reservoirs
• Wetlands & Streams
Reduce application rates
when possible - Safety
First!
Road Salting
Minimize Impacts to Water Supplies:
Salt Brine Pre-treatment
• improves effectiveness of salt
(30% less salt)
• reduces scatter
• lowers freezing point
Beet Juice + Salt Pre-
treatment
• Proven effectiveness in region
• Bio-Degradable
• Less corrosive
Ice-Fighting Tools:
Winter Roads
Winter of 2014, East
Bradford had “No Call
Backs”
West Goshen DPW
“a world of difference”
Haverford Township cut
salt use by ~ 1/3
Cover and contain
stockpiles
Outside floodplain
Away from stormwater
inlets
Keep material dry
Sweep during & after
operations
Winter Roads
Salt Storage &
Handling BMPs:
Other Municipal
Activities
—
Pollution Prevention
Good Housekeeping
BMPs
1) Facility & Road Management
Sweep regularly using dry
methods
Broom
Vacuum Equipment
Avoid hosing down &
power washing to prevent
pollutants from inlets
Regularly check and
cleanup areas prone to
litter / debris accumulation
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
“Rainbow Sheen”
2) Waste Handling & Disposal Locate dumpsters away from inlets
Select well-designed receptacles
Functioning lid and leak proof
Label receptacle for contents
Contain all wastes (heavy duty bags)
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
Follow proper procedures - read signs
Inform contractors of proper procedures
Routinely inspect and clean ports and transfer
locations
Report and respond to problems
3) Loading and Unloading
What do You Think?
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
4) Stockpile &
Staging
Outside floodplains
Away from inlets & drainage paths
Cover, Contain and Elevate to
prevent contact with rainwater
Sweep up
Set yourself up for success
– Plan ahead, assess options,
keep supplies on-hand (tarps,
etc.)
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
What do You Think?
What do
You Think?
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
A.
B.
Contain and collect sanding
dust and stripping debris
Drop Cloths
Block inlets
Clean brushes, applicators,
and supplies into containers,
sinks, or drains tied to sanitary
sewer
Proper disposal
5) PaintingNon-Hazardous
water-based paints,
Dispose
- to sanitary sewer or
- absorbed & solid waste
Hazardous Oil-Based -
read label and follow
disposal requirements
A. B.
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
6) Composting
Manage runoff from compost sites and operations
Route runoff and leachate into treatment structure
(basin)
Contain and properly dispose of non-compostable
debris
Manage compost piles to prevent it from becoming
anaerobicControl
Nutrient
Pollution
7) Earth Disturbance &
Construction
Properly install Erosion &
Sediment (E&S) Controls
Inspect E&S regularly
Inspect before/after major
storms
Clean-out & Maintain E&S
devices
Ensure work site is stabilized
before E&S removal
Attend E&S Training / Consult
Conservation District
”GOOD” , ”BAD” or ”UGLY”
Pollution Prevention Pays:
Preventing spills and leaks avoids cleanup &
remediation costs
Lowers liability
Reduces employee risk —> safer work conditions
Reduces Insurance Claims
Avoids fines
CLEAN STREETS, CLEAN STREAMS
Set An
Example…
10 Minute Break
Stormwater Facility
Operation and
Maintenance
The MS4 Permit requires an O&M Plan for
municipal stormwater facilities
Stormwater Facility Operation
and Maintenance
Goal : Optimize System Performance
Prevent Pollutant discharge to creeks
Reduce Storm Volume discharging to creeks
Increase Stormwater Infiltration into the ground
✓ MUNICIPAL STAFF
✓ TRAINED INSPECTOR OR ENGINEER
✓ CONTRACTOR WITH SPECIAL TRAINING
Who conducts stormwater BMP
inspections?
Make observations to verify design and
performance, identify clean-out and
maintenance needs
Record observations:
» Drainage
» Signs of erosion or scour
» Excessive debris or sediment
» Vegetation
» Structural components free of damage
& functioning, being undermined
» Identify need for specialists/engineer
What do Inspections
involve?
Inspection
Report
Take
photos
Get the
Plan
Inspection:
Erosion
or Scour?
Is runoff entering
the basin via a
sidewall?
Is basin
bottom
exposed
dirt or
bare
earth?
Is the basin a source of
sediment pollution?
Is basin bottom
too wet for turf
grass?
Inspection:
Erosion
or Scour?
Is earth around outlet
control structure
undermined, caving in or
slumping?
INSPECTION:
IS LITTER REMOVAL
NEEDED?
Sumped
Inlets trap
debris
Solids impact capacity &
function
Trash clogs
grates, inlets
& pipes
INSPECTION:
IS DEBRIS CLEAN-
OUT NEEDED?
Fine Sediment
Organic debris
Stump
grindings
leftover
after
tree
removal
Inspection:
Vegetation?
Invasive
species/weeds
prevalent?
Woody trees growing inside the basin?
Is outlet visible or
overgrown?
Inspection: Condition of Structures
Grates or Inlets
damaged or
missing?
Inspection: Condition of Structures
Is dome riser
secure?
Re-grade &
stabilize?
Riser
Damaged?
How often should
Inspections occur?
• Consult maintenance plan
• Once a year is minimum
• After major storms (2“ or more)
• More frequently, as warranted
» New installation
» Site conditions
» Drainage area & land uses
» Prevalent litter or debris
Before After
Maintenance - Drain Clean-out
Vacuum
Removal and
Jet Vac
Maintenance - Vegetation
Enlist
VolunteersReplace,
Replant &
Revive Vegetation
Innovate and adapt
Groundwater Recharge
Base Flow
Evaporation
Flash Flooding
Pollutant Removal
When repair is needed,
Consider redesign and retrofit to
improve…
Most
Improved
BIORETENTION BASINS = RAIN
GARDENS
Upper Providence Township
Deep-rooted plants…
Soak up more stormwater
Increase percolation into the ground
Filter and trap more pollutants
Taller shoots have deeper roots
Retrofit for
water
quality
treatment
Pocopson Township Public
Works Yard
Pocopson Township
Slower flow of
water means…
• Silt settles out
(with attached
oil)
• Nutrients taken
up by plants
BIORETENTION BASINS HELP CLEAN SITE
RUNOFF POLLUTANTS
Repair and Retrofit
Underperforming Detention Basins
Remove low flow
channel, regrade and
re-vegetate to spread
out the flow.
Eliminate short-circuiting of runoff
entering basin to optimize
performance.
Underperforming Detention Basins
Naturalized Extended Detention Basins store more
stormwater and reduce flashy streams
Before
After - Yr. 1
Disperse stormwater
across entire basin area
Reduce stormwater
volume discharge
Increase evaporation
and evapotranspiration
NATURALIZED
DETENTION BASINS
REDUCE STORM
VOLUMES…
Upper Dublin Township
Upper Dublin Township
Vegetation
management
is more
intensive
during initial plant
establishment
Naturalized Extended Detention
BasinAfter - Year 3
Mowing vs
Managing
plants
The “mowed
edge”
Upper Dublin Township
= MORE = MORE
money
gas
erosion
pollution
runoff
pesticidesinfiltration
habitat
enjoyment
bioremediation
. Convert mowed turf to landscapes of less mowing and
more diversity to improve water quality
Turf Grass Meadows
watering
82
Meadow Creation Types
83
Stormwater Retrofits - Bioswales
Bioswales A shallow recessed
channel that receives
drainage and
designed to filter and
infiltrate stormwater
Swarthmore
Borough
Upper Gwynedd Township
Kennett Township
Bioswales are Versatile
Signage to
educate
residents and
inform
community
about what
you’re doing
to keep
streams clean
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
GUIDANCE FOR GSI
THANK YOU
Questions?
For More Information:
http://pecpa.org/program/waterresourcebrochures/
SURVEY - Please complete and hand-in
Handouts…
Basin Retrofit Brochure
Clean Water Partners Handbook
Meadows Brochure
