MS2306 Concepts3 paradigms of HCI

3rd Paradigm Concepts

1. “Felt” experiences2. Affect (emotions and feelings)

3. Ubicomp (everyware)4. Flow

Ubicomp & Sensors• “Sensors are what’s

happening now.. Detecting so much that goes on in your life, and that will be used in game play.”

• Smart or an infringement on pricey and security?

• Watch Jesse Schell’s vision at DICE 2010

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NzFCfZMBkU

Full talk…• http://fury.com/2010/02/jesse-shells-

mindblowing-talk-on-the-future-of-games-dice-2010/

• Smart or an infringement on privacy and security?

Ubicomp and Gamification• … everything from brushing

your teeth to filling out your income tax return may soon be turned into an opportunity to score a point and earn a reward. It's called "gamification." Will it cure the world of its ills or simply commodify every human interaction? Hardeep Singh Kohli, BBC Radio 4

Software and the Automatic Production of Space (Part One)

Based on your reading: The Automatic Production of Space by Nigel Thrift & Shaun French

http://www.dourish.com/classes/readings/ThriftFrench-AutomaticProductionSpace.pdf (may need to copy and paste into browser)

• “… software has come to intervene in nearly all aspects of everyday life and has begun to sink into its taken-for-granted background.”

“Phenomenality”• Software is not just a

written set of instructions

• A text, lines of code, algorithms

• It has what Thrift and French call a

• “Phenomenality”

“Phenomenality”• Software is not just a

written set of instructions

• A text, lines of code, algorithms

• It has what Thrift and French call a… “Phenomenality”

“Phenomenality”

• Phenomena are “appearances or immediate objects of awareness in experience.”

The point is, software is a thing. It has agency andmaterial effects

Agency?• Most talk of software

assumes that… “human agency is clearly the directive force.”

• However, Thrift and French believe…

• “we are increasingly seeing… the automatic production of space.”

Closer to the Machine? Social Context?

Closer to the Machine? Social Context?

• Machine Space

• “A desolate and threatening [space] gave priority to machines over people.”

• Agencies of this space– Mobility– Speed

– Congestion– Pollution– Accidents

(

(Ron Horvath (1974) in Thrift p. 158)

Closer to the Machine? Social Context?

• Software Space

• The same kind of machinic expansion… “software has infused into the very fabric of everyday life”

• But “…brings no such level of questioning in its wake.”

• What are the agencies and effects of this space?

How to Question it?

Part OneWhat is the nature of software?Consider software as ‘local intelligence’

Part Two (next week)Consider how software recognizes and plays to

human emotionsConsider notion of “play” in itselfSix developments in software spaces

Part One

1. What is the nature of software?2. Consider software as ‘local intelligence’

What is the nature of software?

What is the nature of software?

• Software as “the expansion of humanity beyond bodies.”

Human World

• “… expanded beyond the immediate influence of bodies and has made its way into machines.”

Mediated Human World

• “The invention of writing and then print…

• [mechanical] machines, with line-by-line instructions…”

An Age of Software

• “What we are seeing [now] is an age in which writing is able to take on many new mechanical aspects – an age of software.”

Automatic Space like an Organism?

http://www.bitstorm.org/gameoflife/

What is the nature of software?

• “Increasingly, spaces like cities – where most software is gathered and has its effects – are being run by mechanical writing.”

Yet nobody seems to notice…

• Why?

• Software takes up little in the way of visible physical space (micro-spaces)

• Becomes part of a technological unconscious

Software's “grip” on the City

Automobiles (Cars)

• Watch Video• Intelligent Vehicle

Initiative (IVI)• http://vimeo.com/1143

094

Smart Machines = the End of Stupid Machines

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6gzm_ifzg8

Elevators (Lifts)• "Anger at elevators rises within

seconds, experience shows" (Gleick 27).

• “By adding microprocessors, again programmed with fuzzy logic, smart elevators or ‘elevators with algorithms’ have learned to skip floors when they are already full, to avoid bunching up, and to recognize human behavior patterns. They can anticipate the hordes who will gather on certain floors.” (Thrift and French)

“In October 1998 the London borough of Newham became the first place in the world to employ smart CCTV to monitor public spaces.” (The Guardian, 10 February, pp. 14–15).

Smart CCTV

• “In October 1998 the London borough of Newham became the first place in the world to employ smart CCTV to monitor public spaces (The Guardian, 10 February, pp. 14–15).”

Y2K audit exposed the extend of ‘Bugtown UK’

‘Bugtown UK’

Traffic lights, lifts, car park barriers, central heating boilers, building security systems, burglar and fire alarms, accounting software, vehicle fleet maintenance systems, local authority revenue systems, child protection registers, benefit systems, medical equipment… diagnostic equipment, X-ray machines, anaesthetics, breathing equipment and monitors, the banking industry, gas, water and electricity supply, food retailing, the post office, the police force, the fire brigade, hospitals…

2. Consider software as ‘local intelligence’

2. Consider software as ‘local intelligence’

• “Everyday spaces become saturated with computational capacities… able to communicate within and with each other”

Ethics

What are the ethical dimensions of attaching software to every social context?

World of ‘information appliances’

• ‘instead of one massive device that occupies considerable space on our desk top, we will have a wide range of devices that are designed to fit the tasks that we wish to do’ (Norman, 2000,

p. 12).

World of ‘information appliances’• “distributed through a

whole series of devices used as and when – and where – appropriate.

• ‘Less fuss and bother. Simpler, more convenient devices. Great flexibility and versatility. New modes of interaction, of learning, of conducting business and recreation’ (Norman, 1998, p. 261).

Software Talking to Software

• “a multitude of ‘invisible’ embedded systems, communicating not with human users but with each other”

machine-to-machine communication

The Smart Washing Machine• “… as soon as your washing

machine is installed, it will be on the air to your Bluetooth controller, asking if it can contact its manufacturer over the Net. A year later you’ll trip over a repair engineer who’s been e-mailed by the washing machine because it has a worn bearing.” (New Scientist, 2000, p. 33)

machine-to-machine communication

• A future social context wherein…

• “… communication between people will become subservient to machine-to-machine communication” (New Scientist 21 October 2000, p. 33).

Everyware• “In everyware, the garment,

the room and the street become sites of processing and mediation.”

• “… access to the most intimate details of [our] lives… traded away in return for increased convenience.”

• Greenfield, 2006.

Introduction - http://sodacity.net/system/files/Adam-Greenfield_Everyware-Intro.pdf

Everyware

• “… will disturb unwritten agreements about workspace and homespace.” Greenfield, 2006.

Everyware• Transform “the

presentation of self and the right to privacy.”

• “Unsettling potential for panoptical surveillance” Greenfield, 2006.

• Watch Adam Greenfield video - The opening Morning Plenary Panel at the 2008 Politics Online Conference was titled "Pervasive Politics: How Ubiquitous Technology Will Change

Politics" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ORTMz2jBh4 (from 1:09)

… a physical world• ‘… invisibly interwoven

with sensors, actuators, displays and computational elements, embedded seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives and connected through a continuous network’ (Weiser et al., 1999, pp. 2–3)

Seminar

Prepare to Pitch on the 19th March• Cw1 essay “Develop a methodology or conceptual approach to support

research into a chosen new media user experience.”

• Step one: Choose and define a user experience. It must be described as an experience, not a product.

• Step two: Refer to a conceptual approach (“felt" experience, affect and/or emotional design, or ubicomp) that can help you to understand the experience.

• Step three: Consider the strengths and weaknesses of your chosen concept in terms of how it can be used as a research tool to better understand the chosen user experience.

• Step four: Reflect on how your conceptual approach responds to the notion of a third paradigm of human computer interaction research

• Maybe show some of your illustrations?

Seminar Ubiquitous Experiences

• Watch Jesse Schell’s talk on the future of games (DICE 2010) (last 9mins in lectures)• http://fury.com/2010/02/jesse-shells-mindblowing-talk-on-the-future-of-games-dice-2010/• Watch Adam Greenfield• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pVlch2_DAM&feature=related

• http://vimeo.com/27450257• Future of shopping• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0N-mkuK_DI

• Discuss the future of user experience• Put into groups to discuss the following.• The Changing Space of Interaction in relation to…

– Entertainment and leisure – Education– Marketing

Include references to

• Pervasive, ubicomp• Haptic – touch• Mind control • Emotions• How interactions are sensed • Social connectivity• Emotions and learning• Mobility and learning• Learning and ubiquity• Mobiles