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Introduction to Linguistics
Ms. Suha Jawabreh
Lecture # 3
Review: The Components of Language
1. Sounds – Phonetics and Phonology
2. Words – Morphology
3. Phrases and sentences- Syntax
4. Meaning- Semantics and Pragmatics
Chapter 1: What is Phonetics?
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that aims to study the sounds of human speech.
Why do we need to study Phonetics?
-Phonetics will help you improve your English pronunciation.
- Phonetics will help you pronounce English words correctly.
The Vocal Tract
- The vocal tract is a group of organs involved in the production of speech sounds.
- For speech to occur, air must be forced up out of the lungs, up the trachea (windpipe), and into the vocal tract .
The Organs of Speech
Classification of sounds
Sounds
Consonants Vowels
( E.g. [s] , [t] ) (E.g. [i], [e])
Classification of Consonants
We classify consonants along three major dimensions:
1. Voicing
2. Place of articulation
3. Manner of articulation
Voicing
a term used in phonetics to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either:
1. Voiced
2. Voiceless
The Larynx and the Vocal Folds
-When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between .them freely.
Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless.
Examples of voiceless sounds: [s],[f].
-When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced.
Examples of voiced sounds:
[z],[v].
Practice
Decide if the following sounds are voiced (V-) or voiceless (V-):
1. [k]
2.[g]
3.[t]
4.[m]
5.[h]