Ms. Sawh Form 4 Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry

What you will need

•Notebook: a new one/Form 3 notebook•Lab book: purchase in school•Syllabus (available online)•Past Papers (available in

bookstores/school)•Access to Computer and my website: www.sawhcoolchem.weebly.com•An email address•Folder pages/manila folders

ChemistryWhat do you think the study of Chemistry

is about?Why are you studying Chemistry?Do you think Chemistry has any

relevance to your everyday life?How is Chemistry different to any other

science e.g. Biology, Physics?

•Anything that has a mass and a volume

Close up view of atoms and their behavior

Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

•Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change, e.g. melting Give another example.•If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change, e.g.

Give another example.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Kinetic Theory of Matter(Particulate Nature of Matter)

All Matter is made up of particles

•Name these particles.•How do we know these particles exist?•What evidence do we have that proves

matter is made up of particles?

Processes that prove particles exist in matter

The particles that exist in matter are: atoms, molecules and ions. The evidence that proves these particles exist are:

•Diffusion•Osmosis•Brownian Motion•Write a definition of each and give examples.

Pure and Impure Matter

Matter can be pure and impure.

How can we tell if a substance is pure?

Can you name any pure substances?

What are some impure substances?

Pure substances

•Atoms•Elements•Molecules•Compounds

Can you write definitions for these pure substances and give examples?

• Smallest indivisible particles making up elements.•The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (0).

• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of substance by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules. •Give examples.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. Give examples.

Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.

• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. Give examples.

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.•They can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

•The substance to be dissolved.

•The one doing the dissolving.

To make a solution:

• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

• They are substances (compounds,elements) held together by physical forces, not chemical.

• Can be separated physically.

• Solutions are also mixtures, but can be heterogeneous.• The substances are not uniformly mixed.

• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

• Substances will settle over time.

Questions

•How is a mixture different to a compound?

•How is a compound different to a molecule?

•How is an atom different to an element?

•Is a solution a pure substance?