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Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ 8.E.1.1 Explain the structure of the hydrosphere including:
Water distribution on Earth; Local river basin and water
availability
8th Grade Science Essential Standard:
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ Stream - A stream is a body of water with a current,
confined within a bed and stream banks. It is important in
the water cycle, groundwater recharge, and corridors
for fish and wildlife migration
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ MEANDERING STREAM - The meandering stream wanders
laterally across a channel, often on a gentle slope. It has many
meanders, or bends and is intermediately stable. It contributes to
a healthy environment.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ BRAIDED STREAM-
consisting of multiple small, shallow channels that divide and re
combine numerous times forming a
pattern resembling the strands of a braid. Braided streams form
where the sediment load is so heavy that
some of the sediments are deposited as shifting islands or bars be
tween the channels.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ RIVER - is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater,
flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In
a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up
completely at the end of its course, and does not reach
another body of water
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ RIVER BASIN - is the land that water flows across or
under on its way to a river. Just as a bathtub catches all of
the water that falls within its sides, a river basin sends all
of the water falling within it to a central river and out to an
estuary or to the ocean
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ WETLANDS - are lands that are wet at least part of the year
because their soils are either saturated or covered with a
shallow layer of water. Wetlands include a variety of natural
systems, such as marshes, swamps, bottomland hardwoods,
pocosins and wet flats.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ SWAMP - is a wetland that is forested. Many swamps occur
along large rivers, where they are critically dependent upon
natural water level fluctuations. Other swamps occur on the
shores of large lake
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ BOG - is a mire that accumulates peat, a deposit of
dead plant material—often mosses, and in a majority of
cases, sphagnum moss
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ MARSH - is a type of wetland that is dominated
by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can
often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they
form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ ESTUARY - is a partly enclosed coastal body of brackish
water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and
with a free connection to the open sea
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ GROUNDWATER - is the water located beneath the earth's
surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock
formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called
an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water.
Groundwater is thought of as liquid water flowing through
shallow aquifers
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ Sediment - is a naturally occurring material that is broken
down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is
subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or
ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particle
itself.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
⦿ EUTROPHICATION - is the ecosystem response to the
addition of artificial or natural substances, such
as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an
aquatic system. One example is the "bloom" or great increase
of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased
levels of nutrients
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER NOTES
Ms. A. Mormando's Class *
