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MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of the UNFCCC) Nationally tailored: The MRV System will be robust, flexible, transparent and country-driven, to respond to national circumstances. Operational: The MRV System will result in a GHG Inventory reported to the UNFCCC every four years and updated biennially. Leverages existing competencies, capacities and information: Institutional arrangements shall be based where possible on existing institutions, with the creation of new ones being the result of necessity. IPCC compliance: The MRV System must be in line with the most recently adopted or recommended IPCC Guidance and Guidelines and IPCC reporting principles (consistency, comparability, transparency and accuracy). Cost-efficiency: Activities will seek out the most cost-effective solutions at all stages and structural levels. Multiple benefits: The MRV System, together with the Safeguards Information System and monitoring system, must go beyond carbon and become a multifunctional instrument, aiming to serve as a guide for social, economic and environmental policies and provide information on forestry-related fields such as REDD+ in Bangladesh Deforestation and forest degradation are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total forest area is about 1.4 million hectares (year 2010), or 11% of the total land area. The combined effects of indiscriminate illicit felling, high and rapidly growing population, low productivity and poor management, inadequate forest protection, expansion of upland agriculture, land degradation, fires, pests and diseases, and unplanned land conversion put forest at risks. On one hand, people are getting more and more aware about the forest protection and particularly biodiversity. As a result of greater consciousness, agroforestry systems become more productive. On the other hand, the rapid climate change strongly necessitates the implementation of long term programmes. However, it appears that inadequate availability, reliability, and quality of data and information relating to the forestry is a major concern for policymakers and scientists. A new mechanism is emerging under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to undertake actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; V M R

MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of

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Page 1: MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of

MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh

Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+

(based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of the UNFCCC)

Nationally tailored: The MRV System will be robust, flexible, transparent and country-driven, to respond to national circumstances.

Operational: The MRV System will result in a GHG Inventory reported to the UNFCCC every four years and updated biennially.

Leverages existing competencies, capacities and information: Institutional arrangements shall be based where possible on existing institutions, with the creation of new ones being the result of necessity.

IPCC compliance: The MRV System must be in line with the most recently adopted or recommended IPCC Guidance and Guidelines and IPCC reporting principles (consistency, comparability, transparency and accuracy).

Cost-efficiency: Activities will seek out the most cost-effective solutions at all stages and structural levels.

Multiple benefits: The MRV System, together with the Safeguards Information System and monitoring system, must go beyond carbon and become a multifunctional instrument, aiming to serve as a guide for social, economic and environmental policies and provide information on forestry-related fields such as biodiversity. The system should be useful for multiple functions where appropriate, by linking into and interacting with existing initiatives.

Phased approach: Following the three phases of REDD+, development and implementation of the MRV System, Safeguards Information System and forest monitoring will be undertaken in phases. Participatory: involvement of local people and communities.

REDD+ in Bangladesh

Deforestation and forest degradation are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total forest area is about 1.4 million hectares (year 2010), or 11% of the total land area. The combined effects of indiscriminate illicit felling, high and rapidly growing population, low productivity and poor management, inadequate forest protection, expansion of upland agriculture, land degradation, fires, pests and diseases, and unplanned land conversion put forest at risks.

On one hand, people are getting more and more aware about the forest protection and particularly biodiversity. As a result of greater consciousness, agroforestry systems become more productive. On the other hand, the rapid climate change strongly necessitates the implementation of long term programmes. However, it appears that inadequate availability, reliability, and quality of data and information relating to the forestry is a major concern for policymakers and scientists. A new mechanism is emerging under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to undertake actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. In 2010, the country formulated the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) which aims to promote climate resilient development and low carbon economy. REDD+ is one programme under the BCCSAP and can provide significant technical and financial resources to develop national systems to measure, report and verify emission reductions from the forest sector.

VMR

Page 2: MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of

MRV for Green House Gasses (GHG)Forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ in Bangladesh

RED

D+

will

be

fully

inte

grat

ed w

ith

othe

r miti

gatio

n m

echa

nism

s un

der

UN

FCCC

. The

MRV

Sys

tem

will

bec

ome

fully

ope

ratio

nal.

Activ

ity d

ata

(AD

) and

em

issi

on fa

ctor

s (E

F) w

ill b

e as

sess

ed to

ge

nera

te th

e na

tiona

l GH

G in

vent

ory.

Th

is w

ill re

quire

a L

MS

and

Nati

onal

Fo

rest

Inve

ntor

y (N

FI) b

ecom

ing

fully

op

erati

onal

. Thi

s Ph

ase

will

resu

lt in

pa

ymen

ts fo

r ver

ified

per

form

ance

. The

re

sults

will

be

verifi

ed b

y a

rost

er o

f ex

pert

s co

ordi

nate

d by

the

UN

FCCC

Se

cret

aria

t.

Coun

trie

s w

ill n

eed

to d

efine

thei

r na

tiona

l sys

tem

for f

ores

t m

onito

ring

fore

st, s

afeg

uard

’s

info

rmati

on a

nd M

RV a

nd in

itiat

e ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

of a

ll th

e in

stitu

tions

invo

lved

, with

a v

iew

to

oper

ation

alis

ing

thes

e in

stitu

tiona

l ar

rang

emen

ts in

Pha

se II

. Ano

ther

ar

ea o

f wor

k I i

s th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

a na

tiona

l fra

mew

ork

for R

EDD

+ Po

licie

s an

d M

easu

res

to d

efine

the

way

s in

whi

ch th

e RE

DD

+ w

ill b

e im

plem

ente

d.

This

is a

tran

sitio

n ph

ase

focu

sing

on

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

resu

lts-

base

d de

mon

stra

tion

activ

ities

. Th

e ne

t out

com

es o

f the

se

activ

ities

will

be

asse

ssed

by

a La

nd M

onito

ring

Syst

em (L

MS)

. Th

e LM

S w

ill a

lso

cont

ribut

e to

pr

ovid

ing

info

rmati

on o

n so

me

of th

e RE

DD

+ Sa

fegu

ards

(suc

h as

bio

dive

rsity

con

serv

ation

an

d di

spla

cem

en

ts).

Year

7Ye

ar 7

Year

6Ye

ar 6

Year

5Ye

ar 5

Year

4Ye

ar 4

Year

3Ye

ar 3

Year

2Ye

ar 2

Year

1Ye

ar 1

Phas

e I

Read

ines

sPh

ase

IRe

adin

ess

Phas

e II

Resu

lt ba

sed

activ

ities

Impl

emen

ted

by

pred

icta

ble

fund

ing

Phas

e II

Resu

lt ba

sed

activ

ities

Impl

emen

ted

by

pred

icta

ble

fund

ing

Phas

e III

Paym

ents

for v

erifi

ed p

erfo

rman

cePh

ase

IIIPa

ymen

ts fo

r ver

ified

per

form

ance

REDD+ PHASES

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g &

de

velo

pmen

tCa

paci

ty b

uild

ing

&

deve

lopm

ent

MRV PHASES

Mon

itorin

g of

Pol

icie

s &

M

easu

res

MRV

Sy

stem

LMS:

ADN

FI:

EF

GH

G

Inve

ntor

yCO

2eLM

S

Mon

itorin

g of

D

emon

stra

tion

Activ

ities

Mul

tipha

se im

plem

enta

tion

of R

EDD

+ th

roug

h M

RV d

evel

opm

ent a

nd c

ompo

nent

s of

the

Mon

itorin

g an

d M

RV

Syst

ems.

Co

un

trie

s w

ill h

ave

to

imp

lem

en

t re

sults

-ba

sed

de

mo

nst

ratio

n a

ctiv

itie

s d

urin

g t

he

se

con

d p

ha

se,

an

d im

ple

me

nt

fully

me

asu

red

, re

po

rte

d a

nd

ve

rifie

d r

esu

lts-b

ase

d a

ctio

ns

at

the

na

tion

al l

eve

l in

th

e t

hird

p

ha

se.

Page 3: MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of

MRV for Green House Gasses (GHG)Forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh

The land monitoring system (LMS) will be a crucial element to monitor the implementation of the REDD+ policies and measures and to provide forest cover area change data generated through remote sensing. RS) The operationalisation of the LMS will be required in Phase 2 to provide RS monitoring data of sub-national demonstration activities and national coverage data for basic land use indicators (such as forest cover). This LMS should become fully operational in Phase 3 of REDD+ when it will need to provide AD across the entire national territory (wall-to-wall) as part of the MRV System.

Remote sensing to detect forest cover changes

RS techniques are well adapted to fit the data principles of adequacy, consistency, completeness, and transparency required by the IPCC Guidelines. In addition, RS can provide consistent historical land representation. As biennial annual reports are required (according to the Cancun Agreement), the LMS will need to cover the entire territory at least every two years. Integration of different types of RS information will be needed to overcome the constraints of cloud cover, detection of rapid forest cover change (e.g. forest degradation) and seasonal and climatic variations.

Land monitoring system for REDD+ policies and measures

The LMS provides data on the net outcomes of policies and measures through provision of land use and land use change data for sub-national demonstration activities during phase 2 and at national level for phase 3. In Phase 2 the country should begin to implement national policies and sub-national REDD+ demonstration activities – ensuring they are results-based through a monitoring system – and implement a system for providing information on how the REDD+ safeguards are being addressed and respected, as set out by the UNFCCC.

The use of forest monitoring data in national REDD+ frameworks

The LMS will be the key element to support and operationalise any national subsidy or payment distribution scheme. The LMS has to be country-specific in order to better consider the national specificities in term of anthropogenic activities and interactions with the forest. The LMS will also contribute to providing information on Safeguards, specifically those Safeguards which will require geo-spatial referencing.

InterpretationVerification

Management

Development

Reporting

Country boundaries

Acquisition

Page 4: MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ (based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of

The compilation and publication of national data, statistics and information in the format of a GHG inventory. Reporting requirements to the UNFCCC (National Communications) may cover issues other than just those subject to measurement. The core elements of the national communications are information on emissions and removals of GHGs and details of the activities a country has undertaken to fulfill its commitments under UNFCCC.

Refers to information on the extent to which a human activity takes place (activity data – AD) combined with coefficients that quantify the emissions or removals per activity unit (emission factors – EF). For REDD+ this translates into measurements of forest area and forest area change (AD) and forest carbon stocks and forest carbon stock changes (EF). Together, this information provides the basis to compile a REDD+ GHG inventory. Countries may also be required to measure indicators of REDD+ safeguards and other forest benefits.

Refers to the process of independently checking the accuracy and reliability of reported information or the procedures used to generate information. The verification process concerns all the variables that were reported under REDD+. All the data, including the satellite and national forest inventory data are made available in order to allow the verification of the GHG inventory. The UNFCCC Secretariat, through its experts, will verify the reported data.

Mea

sure

men

tRe

porti

ngVe

rifica

tion Submission

Independent Reviewers

xActivity data

Emission factors

GHG inventory

Safeguards

Other forest benefits

Mea

surin

g

=

IPCC

GHG inventory

Public awareness

National circumstances

Financial resources

Vulnerability assessment

Transfer of technology

Repo

rting

MRV for REDD+ in Bangladesh

M R VThe purpose of an MRV System is to assess and report on anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks related to forest land during the third phase of REDD+. This system must enable identification and tracking of actions and processes related to the five activities identified under REDD+, following the most recently adopted or encouraged IPCC methodological approaches.

For more information, please visit www.UN-REDD.org