Upload
deirdre-cain
View
213
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MRV and forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh
Key-issues in forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+
(based on principles and provisions of Article 4 of the UNFCCC)
Nationally tailored: The MRV System will be robust, flexible, transparent and country-driven, to respond to national circumstances.
Operational: The MRV System will result in a GHG Inventory reported to the UNFCCC every four years and updated biennially.
Leverages existing competencies, capacities and information: Institutional arrangements shall be based where possible on existing institutions, with the creation of new ones being the result of necessity.
IPCC compliance: The MRV System must be in line with the most recently adopted or recommended IPCC Guidance and Guidelines and IPCC reporting principles (consistency, comparability, transparency and accuracy).
Cost-efficiency: Activities will seek out the most cost-effective solutions at all stages and structural levels.
Multiple benefits: The MRV System, together with the Safeguards Information System and monitoring system, must go beyond carbon and become a multifunctional instrument, aiming to serve as a guide for social, economic and environmental policies and provide information on forestry-related fields such as biodiversity. The system should be useful for multiple functions where appropriate, by linking into and interacting with existing initiatives.
Phased approach: Following the three phases of REDD+, development and implementation of the MRV System, Safeguards Information System and forest monitoring will be undertaken in phases. Participatory: involvement of local people and communities.
REDD+ in Bangladesh
Deforestation and forest degradation are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total forest area is about 1.4 million hectares (year 2010), or 11% of the total land area. The combined effects of indiscriminate illicit felling, high and rapidly growing population, low productivity and poor management, inadequate forest protection, expansion of upland agriculture, land degradation, fires, pests and diseases, and unplanned land conversion put forest at risks.
On one hand, people are getting more and more aware about the forest protection and particularly biodiversity. As a result of greater consciousness, agroforestry systems become more productive. On the other hand, the rapid climate change strongly necessitates the implementation of long term programmes. However, it appears that inadequate availability, reliability, and quality of data and information relating to the forestry is a major concern for policymakers and scientists. A new mechanism is emerging under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to undertake actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. In 2010, the country formulated the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) which aims to promote climate resilient development and low carbon economy. REDD+ is one programme under the BCCSAP and can provide significant technical and financial resources to develop national systems to measure, report and verify emission reductions from the forest sector.
VMR
MRV for Green House Gasses (GHG)Forest monitoring and MRV for REDD+ in Bangladesh
RED
D+
will
be
fully
inte
grat
ed w
ith
othe
r miti
gatio
n m
echa
nism
s un
der
UN
FCCC
. The
MRV
Sys
tem
will
bec
ome
fully
ope
ratio
nal.
Activ
ity d
ata
(AD
) and
em
issi
on fa
ctor
s (E
F) w
ill b
e as
sess
ed to
ge
nera
te th
e na
tiona
l GH
G in
vent
ory.
Th
is w
ill re
quire
a L
MS
and
Nati
onal
Fo
rest
Inve
ntor
y (N
FI) b
ecom
ing
fully
op
erati
onal
. Thi
s Ph
ase
will
resu
lt in
pa
ymen
ts fo
r ver
ified
per
form
ance
. The
re
sults
will
be
verifi
ed b
y a
rost
er o
f ex
pert
s co
ordi
nate
d by
the
UN
FCCC
Se
cret
aria
t.
Coun
trie
s w
ill n
eed
to d
efine
thei
r na
tiona
l sys
tem
for f
ores
t m
onito
ring
fore
st, s
afeg
uard
’s
info
rmati
on a
nd M
RV a
nd in
itiat
e ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
of a
ll th
e in
stitu
tions
invo
lved
, with
a v
iew
to
oper
ation
alis
ing
thes
e in
stitu
tiona
l ar
rang
emen
ts in
Pha
se II
. Ano
ther
ar
ea o
f wor
k I i
s th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a na
tiona
l fra
mew
ork
for R
EDD
+ Po
licie
s an
d M
easu
res
to d
efine
the
way
s in
whi
ch th
e RE
DD
+ w
ill b
e im
plem
ente
d.
This
is a
tran
sitio
n ph
ase
focu
sing
on
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
resu
lts-
base
d de
mon
stra
tion
activ
ities
. Th
e ne
t out
com
es o
f the
se
activ
ities
will
be
asse
ssed
by
a La
nd M
onito
ring
Syst
em (L
MS)
. Th
e LM
S w
ill a
lso
cont
ribut
e to
pr
ovid
ing
info
rmati
on o
n so
me
of th
e RE
DD
+ Sa
fegu
ards
(suc
h as
bio
dive
rsity
con
serv
ation
an
d di
spla
cem
en
ts).
Year
7Ye
ar 7
Year
6Ye
ar 6
Year
5Ye
ar 5
Year
4Ye
ar 4
Year
3Ye
ar 3
Year
2Ye
ar 2
Year
1Ye
ar 1
Phas
e I
Read
ines
sPh
ase
IRe
adin
ess
Phas
e II
Resu
lt ba
sed
activ
ities
Impl
emen
ted
by
pred
icta
ble
fund
ing
Phas
e II
Resu
lt ba
sed
activ
ities
Impl
emen
ted
by
pred
icta
ble
fund
ing
Phas
e III
Paym
ents
for v
erifi
ed p
erfo
rman
cePh
ase
IIIPa
ymen
ts fo
r ver
ified
per
form
ance
REDD+ PHASES
Capa
city
bui
ldin
g &
de
velo
pmen
tCa
paci
ty b
uild
ing
&
deve
lopm
ent
MRV PHASES
Mon
itorin
g of
Pol
icie
s &
M
easu
res
MRV
Sy
stem
LMS:
ADN
FI:
EF
GH
G
Inve
ntor
yCO
2eLM
S
Mon
itorin
g of
D
emon
stra
tion
Activ
ities
Mul
tipha
se im
plem
enta
tion
of R
EDD
+ th
roug
h M
RV d
evel
opm
ent a
nd c
ompo
nent
s of
the
Mon
itorin
g an
d M
RV
Syst
ems.
Co
un
trie
s w
ill h
ave
to
imp
lem
en
t re
sults
-ba
sed
de
mo
nst
ratio
n a
ctiv
itie
s d
urin
g t
he
se
con
d p
ha
se,
an
d im
ple
me
nt
fully
me
asu
red
, re
po
rte
d a
nd
ve
rifie
d r
esu
lts-b
ase
d a
ctio
ns
at
the
na
tion
al l
eve
l in
th
e t
hird
p
ha
se.
MRV for Green House Gasses (GHG)Forest monitoring for REDD+ in Bangladesh
The land monitoring system (LMS) will be a crucial element to monitor the implementation of the REDD+ policies and measures and to provide forest cover area change data generated through remote sensing. RS) The operationalisation of the LMS will be required in Phase 2 to provide RS monitoring data of sub-national demonstration activities and national coverage data for basic land use indicators (such as forest cover). This LMS should become fully operational in Phase 3 of REDD+ when it will need to provide AD across the entire national territory (wall-to-wall) as part of the MRV System.
Remote sensing to detect forest cover changes
RS techniques are well adapted to fit the data principles of adequacy, consistency, completeness, and transparency required by the IPCC Guidelines. In addition, RS can provide consistent historical land representation. As biennial annual reports are required (according to the Cancun Agreement), the LMS will need to cover the entire territory at least every two years. Integration of different types of RS information will be needed to overcome the constraints of cloud cover, detection of rapid forest cover change (e.g. forest degradation) and seasonal and climatic variations.
Land monitoring system for REDD+ policies and measures
The LMS provides data on the net outcomes of policies and measures through provision of land use and land use change data for sub-national demonstration activities during phase 2 and at national level for phase 3. In Phase 2 the country should begin to implement national policies and sub-national REDD+ demonstration activities – ensuring they are results-based through a monitoring system – and implement a system for providing information on how the REDD+ safeguards are being addressed and respected, as set out by the UNFCCC.
The use of forest monitoring data in national REDD+ frameworks
The LMS will be the key element to support and operationalise any national subsidy or payment distribution scheme. The LMS has to be country-specific in order to better consider the national specificities in term of anthropogenic activities and interactions with the forest. The LMS will also contribute to providing information on Safeguards, specifically those Safeguards which will require geo-spatial referencing.
InterpretationVerification
Management
Development
Reporting
Country boundaries
Acquisition
The compilation and publication of national data, statistics and information in the format of a GHG inventory. Reporting requirements to the UNFCCC (National Communications) may cover issues other than just those subject to measurement. The core elements of the national communications are information on emissions and removals of GHGs and details of the activities a country has undertaken to fulfill its commitments under UNFCCC.
Refers to information on the extent to which a human activity takes place (activity data – AD) combined with coefficients that quantify the emissions or removals per activity unit (emission factors – EF). For REDD+ this translates into measurements of forest area and forest area change (AD) and forest carbon stocks and forest carbon stock changes (EF). Together, this information provides the basis to compile a REDD+ GHG inventory. Countries may also be required to measure indicators of REDD+ safeguards and other forest benefits.
Refers to the process of independently checking the accuracy and reliability of reported information or the procedures used to generate information. The verification process concerns all the variables that were reported under REDD+. All the data, including the satellite and national forest inventory data are made available in order to allow the verification of the GHG inventory. The UNFCCC Secretariat, through its experts, will verify the reported data.
Mea
sure
men
tRe
porti
ngVe
rifica
tion Submission
Independent Reviewers
xActivity data
Emission factors
GHG inventory
Safeguards
Other forest benefits
Mea
surin
g
=
IPCC
GHG inventory
Public awareness
National circumstances
Financial resources
Vulnerability assessment
Transfer of technology
Repo
rting
MRV for REDD+ in Bangladesh
M R VThe purpose of an MRV System is to assess and report on anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks related to forest land during the third phase of REDD+. This system must enable identification and tracking of actions and processes related to the five activities identified under REDD+, following the most recently adopted or encouraged IPCC methodological approaches.
For more information, please visit www.UN-REDD.org