Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

Name ______________________________________________________________

MSIP Resource Manual Worksheet, Chapter 1, part of Chapter 2

Chapter 1: Mars in Society and Culture – pgs. 1-4.In the Beginning1. Identify reasons why the early Greeks noted Mars. (There are two answers to this question.)

a. Mars appeared to sometimes reverse its direction across the sky.

b. How big it looked.c. Its red color.d. It was so bright in the evening sky.

2. The Greeks considered Mars’s motion orderly and organized.

a. True b. False

3. Mars was first named after the Greek god of war. Its name was later changed and Mars was named after the Roman god of war. Who were these two gods? (There are two answers to this question.)

a. Ares c. Marsb. Deimos d. Phobos

4. He was the first person to propose that Earth was at the center of the Universe and all other celestial bodies revolved around it.

a. Archimedes c. Eudoxusb. Copernicus d. Ptolemy

5. Around 140 A.D., this astronomer made revised the original theory.

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

a. Archimedes c. Eudoxusb. Copernicus d. Ptolemy

6. The Earth centered theory was accepted for almost ____________ years. (Enter a number)7. There was one problem with Ptolemy’s theory – it was wrong!

a. True b. False8. This Polish doctor, lawyer, and part-time astronomer determined the only way his data made sense was if the Sun was at the center of the Solar System.

a. Archimedes c. Eudoxusb. Copernicus d. Ptolemy

The New Scientists9. This astronomer determined the planets move in ellipses, not circles.

a. Copernicus c. Keplerb. Galileo d. Tycho

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

Schiaparelli’s Map of Mars

10. Giovanni Schiaparelli observed a series of lines that seemed to cross most of the surface of Mars and called these lines canali, an Italian word that means “channels.” This American amateur astronomer believed the lines were canals and this meant intelligent life on Mars. Who was this American Astronomer?

a. Edwin Hubble c. Harlow Shapleyb. Percival Lowell d. Clyde Tombaugh

11. Percival Lowell’s writings inspired science fiction writers to write about Mars.

a. True b. False

12. On Halloween in 1938, Orson Wells broadcast a radio story. He convinced many people this was happening.

a. Humans had landed on Mars.b. Mars was moving away from the Sun.

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

c. Mars was going to collide with Earth.d. Martians were invading Earth.

13. Can Mars, in its current form, support life as we know it?

a. Yes b. No

14. Spacecraft studying Mars have not found any trace of Lowell’s canals.

a. True b. False

15. At some time in the past, Mars was much ____________ and ____________ than it is today. (There are two answers to this question.)

a. colder c. warmerb. drier d. wetter

Chapter 2: Mars Exploration Background, Part I – pgs. 5-8.The Mars Race16. The Mars race began on October 4, ____________. (Enter a number)17. The United States eventually landed ______men on the Moon. (Enter a number)18. The Soviet Union’s first ____________ attempts to send a probe to Mars were unsuccessful. (Enter a number)

The thing that sets Mars apart is that it is the one planet that is enough like Earth that you can imagine life possibly once having taken hold there.

Steven Squyres, Spirit & Opportunity Principal Investigator

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

19. This was the first unmanned probe to fly-by Venus.

a. Mariner 1 c. Mariner 3b. Mariner 2 d. Mariner 4

20. Approximately every _______ years, the planets are in just the right position for an Earth-Mars trip that requires the least amount of fuel. (Enter a number)21. What was the fate of Mariner 3?

a. It became the first space probe to fly-by Mars. Mariner 2

b. It was destroyed during launch.c. It was eaten by the Great Galactic Ghoul. d. It was lost in space.

22. Which space probe was the first to fly-by Mars?

a. Mariner 3 c. Zond 1b. Mariner 4 d. Zond 2

23. ____________ images were sent to Earth by the first probe to fly-by Mars. (Enter a number)24. Identify the next two probes to fly-by Mars. (There are two answers to this question)

a. Mariner 5b. Mariner 6

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Mariner 2

Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

25. The two probes sent ____________ images back to Earth. (Enter a number)

Mariner 7 Image of Mars

26. Mariner 7 discovered the Martian polar caps are made of…

a. dry ice. c. both water and dry ice.b. water ice.

27. This became the first space probe to orbit another planet.

a. Mars 2 c. Mariner 8b. Mars 3 d. Mariner 9

28. This prevented the Mars probes from seeing anything on the surface of Mars.

a. The cameras broke b. A huge dust

storm covering all of

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Mariner 4 Image of Mars

Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

Mars. c. All space probes failed

enroute to Mars. d. The probes missed Mars.

Mariner 9

29. Mariner 9’s images completely changed everything we thought we once knew about Mars.

a. True b. False

30. The northern hemisphere is made up of… (There are two answers to this question.)

a. craters. c. mountains.b. lava basins. d. smooth plains.

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Mariner 9 Image of Mars

Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

The Planet Mars

33. Which of the following are discoveries by Mariner 9? (There are two answers to this question.)

a. A canyon that is so long it would extend from San Francisco to Washington,

D. C.b. Channels that look like dry riverbeds.c. Craters on the surface.

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31. Dark areas on Mars are created by…

a. meteorite impacts.b. lava flows.c. dust blown away, uncovering

rocks.d. volcanic explosions.

32. This bulge is home to ________________, the largest volcano in the Solar System, as well as the three __________________________ volcanoes larger than any on Earth. (There are two answers to this question.)

a. Elysium Monsc. Tharsis Montesb. Olympus Monsd. Tharsis Tholus

Tharsis Ridge

Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

d. Huge lakes on the surface of Mars.

MSIP Resource Manual Worksheet – Key

1. Identify a/the reason(s) why the early Greeks noted Mars. (There are two answers to this question.)

a. Mars appeared to sometimes reverse its direction across the sky; c. Its red color.

2. The Greeks considered Mars’s motion orderly and organized.

b. False

3. Mars was first named after the Greek god of war. Its name was later changed and Mars was named after the Roman god of war. Who were these two gods? (There are two answers to this question.)

a. Ares; c. Mars

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

4. He was the first person to propose that Earth was at the center of the Universe and all other celestial bodies revolved around it.

c. Eudoxus

5. Around 140 A.D., this astronomer made revised the original theory.

d. Ptolemy

6. The Earth centered theory was accepted for almost _____ years. (Enter a number)

1400

7. There was one problem with Ptolemy’s theory – it was wrong.

a. True

8. This Polish doctor, lawyer, and part-time astronomer determined the only way his data made sense was if the Sun was at the center of the Solar System.

b. Copernicus

9. This astronomer determined the planets move in ellipses, not circles.

c. Kepler

10. Giovanni Schiaparelli observed a series of lines that seemed to cross most of the surface of Mars and called these lines canali, an Italian word that means “channels.” This American amateur

10

Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

astronomer believed the lines were canals and this meant intelligent life on Mars. Who was this American Astronomer?

b. Percival Lowell

11. Percival Lowell’s writings inspired science fiction writers to write about Mars.

a. True

12. On Halloween in 1938, Orson Wells broadcast a radio story. It convinced many people this was happening.

d. Martians were invading Earth.

13. Can Mars, in its current form, support life as we know it.

b. No

14. Spacecraft studying Mars have not found any trace of Lowell’s canals.

a. True

15. At some time in the past, Mars was much _____ and _____ than it is today. (There are two answers to this question.)

c. warmer; d. wetter16. The Mars race began on October 4, _____. (Enter a number)

1957

17. The United States eventually landed _____ on the Moon. (Enter a number)

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

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18. The Soviet Union’s first _____ attempts to send a probe to Mars were unsuccessful. (Enter a number)

3

19. This was the first unmanned probe to fly-by Venus.

b. Mariner 2

20. Approximately every _____ years the planets are in just the right position for an Earth-Mars trip that requires the least amount of fuel. (Enter a number)

2

21. What was the fate of Mariner 3?

b. It was destroyed during launch.

22. Which space probe was the first to fly-by Mars?

b. Mariner 4

23. _____ images were sent to Earth by the first probe to fly-by Mars. (Enter a number)

2124. Identify the next two probes to fly-by Mars.

b. Mariner 6; c. Mariner 725. The two probes sent _____ images back to Earth. (Enter a number)

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

58

26. Mariner 7 discovered the Martian polar caps are made of…

a. dry ice.

27. This became the first space probe to orbit another planet.

b. Mariner 9

28. This prevented the Mars probes from seeing anything on the surface of Mars.

b. A huge dust storm covering all of Mars.

29. Mariner 9’s images completely changed everything we thought we once knew about Mars.

a. True

30. The northern hemisphere is made up of… (There are two answers to this question.)

b. lava basins; d. smooth plains

31. Dark areas on Mars are created by…

c. dust blown away uncovering rocks.

32. Mariner 9 discovered _____, the largest volcano in the Solar System and three _____ volcanoes larger than any on Earth. (There are two answers to this question.)

b. Olympus Mons; c. Tharsis Montes

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

33. Which of the following are discoveries by Mariner 9? (There are two answers to this question.)

a. A canyon that is so long it would extend from San Francisco to Washington, D.C.

b. Channels that look like dry riverbeds.c. Craters on the surface.d. Huge lakes on the surface of Mars.

a. A canyon that is so long it would extend from San Francisco to Washington, D.C.; b. Channels that look like dry riverbeds.

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

MSIP Resource Manual Worksheet – Scoring Guide

1. a, c2. b (2 choices)3. a, c4. c5. d6. 14007. a (2 choices)8. b9. c10. b11. a (2 choices)12. d13. b (2 choices)14. a15. c, d16. 1957

18. 319. b20. 221. b22. b23. 2124. b, c25. 5826. a (3 choices)27. b28. b29. a (2 choices)30. b, d31. c32. b, c33. a, b

Scoring Guide

30-33 – 4 27-29 – 3.522-26 – 3 20-21 – 2.517-19 – 2

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Objective – Understand past and current attempts to better understand Mars.

17. 12 14-16 – 1.511-13 – 11-10 – .50 – 0

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