MRS. FRENCHRESEARCH PAPER

Citations

Citation or Documentation

No citations in the introduction (Nothing from a note card) If it is a well-known fact (Kennedy assassination) you can use it and

not document it If it is not a well-known fact, you must document, so cannot be used in

the introductionSame for conclusion

Exception—something that really helps wrap it up; rareThese rules are on a PARAGRAPH by PARAGRAPH basisCards

Cards are in order with your outline As you write from card, BE AWARE of what is coming

(CONTENT AND SOURCE) Look at card

Paraphrase if quoted Write in a sentence, KNOWING WHAT IS COMING NEXT

RULE 1- Same source, same page

After each sentence you write, look to see if the source and pg # has changed

If not, keep writing Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 5).If all sentences came from Smith and were on the SAME

page, document at the end of the paragraph.NOTE:

Last name page # (no comma) What if there is no author? Where is the period? Where are quotation marks if quoted?

Next paragraph- RULE STARTS OVER FOR EACH PARAGRAPH

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 5).

If it is all from Smith again and all from the same page, cite it (Smith 5). This will continue as long as it is from page 5 of Smith.

Same source, another page

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 10).

This time the sentences you wrote came from cards taken on page 10, so cite (Smith 10).

Maybe the next paragraph is all from page 10 of Smith.

How do you cite? (Smith 10)

RULE 2- Same source, different pages (within the paragraph)

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 5). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (10). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxx (22). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (18).

Once you have established Smith as your source, you do not need to repeat his name if just the page # changes.

If you go to a new paragraph, the rules starts over and you must again establish the source.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 12). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (8). Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (15). Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (22).

RULE 3- Different sources within the paragraph

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 14). Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Jones 3). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (14). Xxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 16). Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (8). X xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Jones 4).

REMEMBER: You must re-establish the source when it changes

Next Paragraph: Rules start over. Re-establish source.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 28). Xxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (21). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Jones 30). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx(14). Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 6).

Same information from two different sources

1. Pick one source and use it. Choose the card that will help balance your sources throughout your paper.

2. Cite both. Good choice for very important information.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 5; Jones 13).

NOTE: Use a semicolon between sources

If you combine information from two different sources to make one

sentence

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 8; Jones 12).

Smith 8 is the first part of the sentence and Jones 12 is the second part. Yes, these look alike. It’s just how it’s done.

After a citation with two different sources,you must re-establish your source

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 3; Jones 10). Xxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 5). X xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (17).

Once the source has been re-established, just use the page #.

If you combine information from two pagesof the same source into one sentence

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 3; 10).

NOTICE: Use a semicolon

REMEMBER

You are using transitional sentences. Do not put a citation after your own transitional sentence. If the sentence is at the opening of the paragraph, just

cite at the end as normal. If the transitional sentence is at the END of the

paragraph, cite AFTER the last documented sentence, not after your sentence.

NOTE: As you write, keep your eye on the next card for

source and page #

REMEMBER

The citation is BEFORE the period. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Smith 3).

Quotation marks are before the citation. “Xxxxxxxx” (Smith 32). Nothing between author and page # (Smith 3). NEVER USE “pg.” No author? Use first word of the title. “Titanic”

quotes if an article Titanic

underline if a book Proper heading and title Header Times New Roman 12 point font 3-5 pages in length

WITH YOUR FINAL PAPER, TURN IN

Your outline with changes

Your notecards IN ORDER YOU USED THEM

Your handwritten draftYour typed draft

with revisions

Put your FINAL DRAFT on top