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Grade 7 Science Notebook Unit 2 Forces and Motion Instructions for using this science notebook: Use this science notebook as a study guide. You may print this notebook or simply fill computer. You can turn in the study guide from units 1, 2, 3 or 4 in plac Check off the activities as you finish them. This is not required, rather a tool to help you study. Mrs. Dunsmoor

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Page 1: Mrs. Dunsmoor · Web viewInstructions for using this science notebook:Use this science notebook as a study guide.You may print this notebook or simply fillit in and save it on your

Grade 7 ScienceNotebook Unit 2 Forces and Motion

Instructions for using this science notebook:Use this science notebook as a study guide.You may print this notebook or simply fill

it in and save it on your computer. You can turn in the study guide from units 1, 2, 3 or 4 in place of the unit 4 portfolio.Check off the activities as you finish them.

This is not required, rather a tool to help you study.

Mrs. Dunsmoor

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Unit 1 Forces and Motion

Unit Objectives—Here is what you should know and be able to do at the end of this unit:

Explain how motion is described Analyze how outside forces affect an object's motion, position, and shape Demonstrate Newton's third law of motion Analyze how an object's mass affects its acceleration, and how a force exerted

on the object affects its acceleration

Unit Lessons:

Lesson 1: Reference Points and Motion Lesson 2: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Lesson 3: The Nature of ForceLesson 4: The Effects of Force Lesson 5: Friction and GravityLesson 6: Newton’s First Law of Motion Lesson 7: Newton’s Second Law of Motion Lesson 8: Newton’s Third Law of Motion Lesson 9: MomentumLesson 10: Freefall and Circular Motion Lesson 11: Forces and Motion Unit Review Lesson 12: Forces and Motion Unit Test

Remember to print the Unit One guide and checklist from the Science Message Board. The checklist tells you the matching page numbers in the e-textbook for this unit.

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Lesson 1 Reference Points and Motion

Objectives

How do waves behave?

Explain the importance of an observer's point of reference when describing motion Explain the importance of using the correct units when describing motion

Key words—Be sure you can define each term using your own words. Write your notes here!

distance–

International System of Units (SI)--

reference point

How is Motion Described and Measured?

Review Key Concept 1

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Complete the Key Concept Summary activity. Answer the questions below as you work through the tutorial.

Notes: Key Concept 1

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1. In the pictures on slide 2, how can you tell that the red car is moving, but the car the boy is in is not moving?

2. What are some SI units of measurement?

3. Fill in the blanks in the sentence on slide 5.

Access the Art in Motion: Relative Point activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Answer the three questions below.

1. When an object’s distance from another object is changing it must be .

2. Look at the illustration on the slide in the activity. Compared to the plane it appears that the man is .

3. Choose two objects from the illustration on the slide in the activity. Based on the scene, how might these objects be in motion and a reference point at the same time?

Complete the Review and Reinforce: Describing Motion worksheet. Discuss your answers with your Learning Coach.

Access the “Motion” Discovery Education™ Interactive Glossary Term. Watch the animation and read the definition. Then come up with your own example of an object in motion in your science notebook. Use the phrase reference point correctly in your example.

Example-

Demonstrate what you have learned about the importance of an observer’s reference point when describing motion. You will need to partner with your Learning Coach or a

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family member to do this activity. First, have your partner stand still as you walk by. Discuss how he or she could tell you were moving and how you could tell that he or shewas standing still. Next, walk side by side with your partner. Discuss how your reference points have changed when moving in this way. How can you tell that the other person is moving if you remain next to each other the whole time?

Time to take the Quick Check! Remember to use your notes!

Complete the Enrich: Describing Motion worksheet. You do not have to turn this in.

Big Idea Questions: How is motion described? How has your response changed after completing this lesson?

Lesson 2

How fast is fast?

Objective

Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by speed, velocity, and acceleration Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by speed, velocity, and acceleration

Key words--Be sure you can define each term using your own words. Write your notes here!

Acceleration

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

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Speed

Velocity

Watch the “Measuring the Motion of an Object” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

1. What is a force?

2. Describe how speed is measured.

3. What three things are measured in order to describe the motion of an object?

4. Which two measurements in your answer to the third question describe the term velocity?

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Watch the “Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, and Deceleration” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

1. Who discovered the laws of motion?

2. How is the speed of an object calculated?

3. How is velocity similar to and different than speed?

4. How is the acceleration of an object calculated?

5. The term deceleration is not defined in the movie. How would you describe this term?

Access the Interactive Art: Math of Speed and Acceleration activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. In this activity, you will be creating two graphs. After completing them on your computer, copy and paste them below.

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Answer the questions on slide 4 and slide 6 from the activity below. Record your answers to the multiple choice questions below as well.

Slide 4: What does this straight line tell you about your acceleration?

What does the fact that it slants upward tell you about how your speed was changing?

Slide 6: What does this straight line tell you about your acceleration?

What does the fact that it slants upward tell you about how your speed was changing?

1. If the bicyclist continues to accelerate at the same rate as shown on the Speed vs. Time graph and chart, what will the bicyclist’s speed be at 6 seconds?

2. If the bicyclist continues to accelerate at the same rate as shown on the Distance vs.s Time graph and chart, what will the bicyclist’s distance be at 6 seconds?

3. What do the Speed vs. Time graph and the Distance vs. Time graph tell you about how the speed of the object is changing?

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Access the Apply It! Cyclist’s Speed activity from the Interactive Digital Path website.

Record your answers to slides 2 and 3 and then, discuss your answers with your Learning

Coach.

Slide 2: The cyclist shown in the diagram is moving at a constant speed of 10 m/s during

her ride. List how far the cyclist travels aftger 1, 2, 3, 3.5 and 4 seconds.

Slide 3: How long will it take the cyclist to travel 400 meters?

Complete the Review and Reinforce: Speed and Velocity worksheet. You do not have to turn this in.

Time to take the Quick Check! Remember to use your notes!

Big Idea Questions: How are speed, velocity, and acceleration related? How has your response changed after completing this lesson?

Lesson 3

Do Outside Forces Affect Motion?

Objectives

Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by outside forces Use data to verify that an object's motion is the result of the total forces acting on the

object

The Nature of Force

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Key words--Be sure you can define each term using your own words. Write your notes here!

balanced forces

force

inertia

net force

newton (N)

unbalanced forces

Review Key Concepts 1, 2

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorials from the Interactive Digital Path website. Review the information in Key Concept 1 and Key Concept 2. Use the information in each tutorial to answer the following questions:

Notes: Key Concepts 1

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Notes: Key Concepts 2

1. Give two examples of forces you exerted on objects today. What factors were different about each force you mentioned?

2. What do the length and direction of arrows representing force indicate?

3. Which SI unit is used to measure force? What is its symbol?

4. Explain what net force is and how you can determine the net force on an object.

Access the Interactive Art: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Answer the questions on slides 3–5 below. Discuss your responses with your Learning Coach.

Slide 3: The combination of all the forces on an object is called .

Slide 4: Which is a true statement about a zero net force?

Slide 5: Two people are playing tug of war. One person pulls to the right with 32 N of force. The other person pulls to the left with 37 N of force. How strong is the net force and in which direction?

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Access the Engineering Interact website. Click on the link to launch the Parkworld Plot game. Work through the exploration with your Learning Coach to review what you have learned about forces. Use your knowledge to figure out which ride in Parkworld is unsafe and should be shut down. Which one did you choose?

Time to take the Quiz! Try taking it without your notes to challenge yourself! Before submitting your quiz, use your notes to check your answers. Correct them before

submitting it!

Access the My Planet Diary: Misconceptions activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. You do not need to complete the Planet Diary Activities worksheet. Write your responses to the questions on slides 3 and 4 below and discuss them with your Learning Coach.

Slide 3: Give an example of a force you apply to slow something down.

Slide 4: Where might it be possible to kick a soccer ball and have it never slow down?

Big Idea Questions: In what ways can outside forces affect an object's motion, position, and shape? How has your response changed after completing this lesson?

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Lesson 4 The Effects of Force

Can Forces Change an Object’s Shape?

Objective

Investigate and analyze how an object's shape can be affected by outside forces

Key words--Be sure you can define each term using your own words. Write your notes here!

Friction

Watch the “Changing the Shape of an Object Using a Force” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

1. How does the girl in the movie change the shape of the cube of clay?

2. How is friction defined in the movie?

3. What role does friction play in changing the shape of the wood block?

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Access the Ramp: Forces and Motion worksheet. Then access the “Ramp: Forces and Motion” PhET Interactive Simulation to complete it. Take some time to explore the different variables in the simulation with your Learning Coach. Go over your responses with your Learning Coach as you work through the simulation. You do not have to turn this in.

Demonstrate the effects of friction by trying the following activity with your Learning Coach. Try sliding your feet across different floor surfaces while wearing socks. Why do you need to use less force to slide your feet across a smooth floor surface and more force to slide your feet across a carpeted floor? Now try it again, this time wearing sneakers. How does the amount of force you used change? Discuss your responses with your Learning Coach, and write a reflection about this activity below.

Review important terms. Access the Discovery Education™ Interactive Glossary Terms. Read entries for friction, force, balanced forces, and net force. Read the definition, and view the animation and video for each entry.

The portfolio at the end of this (Unit 2, Lesson 4) lesson is not required. You can go to my Weebly page at https://nca-mdunsmoor.weebly.com/ if you wish to turn in the portfolio as extra credit. Turn it in through webmail please.

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Time to take the Quick Check! Remember to use your notes!

Access the Enrich: The Nature of Force worksheet. In this activity, you will create and analyze graphs of objects in motion. You do not have to turn this in.

Big Idea Questions: In what ways can outside forces affect an object's motion, position, and shape? How has your response changed after completing this lesson?

Lesson 5

Objectives

Investigate and analyze how an object's motion, shape, and orientation can be affected by friction and gravity

Key words--Be sure you can define each term using your own words. Write your notes here!

air resistance

fluid friction

gravity

Friction and Gravity

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mass

rolling friction

sliding friction

static friction

weight

Watch the “Friction” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. As you watch the movie, answer the following questions:

1. List two examples of friction that you see in the movie.

2. How does the hovercraft reduce the amount of friction it has to overcome in order to move forward?

3. Why do race car drivers try to reduce drag on their cars?

4. Why do space shuttles need heat-resistant tiles to cover them?

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Review Key Concept 1

Notes: Key Concept 1

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Review the information in Key Concept 1.Record your answer to the question on slide 4 below and discuss the answer with your Learning Coach.

Slide 4: Friction comes from the Latin word fricare. Based on the definition of friction, what do you think fricare means?

Access the Art in Motion: Friction activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Record your answer to the question on slide 3 below and discuss the answer with your Learning Coach.

Slide 3: Describe how the piece of chalk in the image on slide 3 may be affected by static friction, sliding friction, fluid friction and rolling friction. Which type of friction is likely to produce the greatest amount of force on the chalk?

Watch the “Gravity” BrainPOP® movie. After you watch the movie, click on the Take the Quiz icon. Then select the Review Quiz to see how well you understand gravity.

Review Key Concept 2

Notes: Key Concept 2

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Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Review the information in Key Concept 2. Answer the following questions as you complete the tutorial:

1. Explain why you cannot feel the gravitational pull of your computer and why you can feel the gravitational pull of Earth.

2. If you were to travel to the moon, which would change: your mass or your weight? Explain.

Complete the Enrich: Friction and Gravity worksheet. Discuss your responses with your Learning Coach as you work through the activity. This does not need to be turned in.

Continue to work on the Experimenting with Motion portfolio assessment (which will be submitted in Lesson 8). You should identify a research question and develop a hypothesis by the end of this lesson.

Complete the Review and Reinforce: Friction and Gravity worksheet. This does not need to be turned in.

Time to take the Quiz! Try taking it without your notes to challenge yourself! Before submitting your quiz, use your notes to check your answers. Correct them before

submitting it!

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Access the My Planet Diary: Careers activity from the Interactive Digital Path website.You do not need to complete the Planet Diary Activities worksheet. Record yourresponses to the questions on slides 4 and 5 and discuss your answers with your Learning Coach.

Slide 4: Sports can be more fun in reduced gravity. What jobs could be harder or less fun to do in space? Why?

Slide 5: What kinds of sports do you think could be more fun in space? Why?

Big Idea Questions: How do friction and gravity affect motion? How has your response changed after completing this lesson?

Lesson 6 Newton’s First Law of Motion

Essential Question: How does Newton's first law describe motion?

Objectives: Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by outside forces according to Newton’s first law of motion

Key Words – Be sure you can define each term in your own words. Write your notes here:

Newton's first law of motion

Complete the Inquiry Warm-Up: What Changes Motion? worksheet. In this activity, you will investigate how inertia affects moving objects. Follow the directions to complete the hands-on activity, and work through the questions with your Learning Coach.

Discuss the following question with your Learning Coach after you complete the activity:

How are the washers on top of the toy car like a person in a car as it slows down?

Watch the “Principles of Motion” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

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1. How many laws of motion did Newton publish?2. Why is Newton’s first law of motion also called the law of inertia?

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Review the information in Key Concept 1.

Notes: Key Concept 1:

Complete the After the Inquiry Warm-Up: Newton’s First Law of Motion worksheet.

Click on the link below and read the Comic BrainPOP® FYI page. As you read the comic, explain its meaning to your Learning Coach using Newton's first law of motion and the concept of inertia.

Watch the “Design,” “Experiment,” and “Record” Discovery Education™ streaming movies. Review how to carry out an experiment.

Note: Our discussion has been dropped. You will not need to complete the discussion assessment.

Access the My Planet Diary: Voices From History activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. You do not need to complete the Planet Diary Activities worksheet. Discuss your response to the question on slide 3 with your Learning Coach.

Lesson 7 Newton’s Second Law of Motion – Two Day Lesson

Essential Question: How do force and mass affect acceleration?

Objective: Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by outside forces according to Newton’s second law of motion

Key Words – Be sure you can define each term in your own words. Write your notes here:

Newton's second law of motion

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Watch the “Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

1. When does the bowling ball have balanced and unbalanced forces acting on it?2. What forces cause the bowling ball to slow down? If these forces were not present, how

would the motion of the ball change?3. How does mass affect inertia?4. Is slowing down a car an example of acceleration? Explain.5. How does mass affect acceleration?

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Pathwebsite. Review the information in Key Concept 2. Work with your Learning Coach to identify the equations and units discussed in the tutorial. Write these equations and units below.

Key Concept 2 Notes:

Access the “Force” BrainPOP® FYI page. Click on the Do It! icon, and complete the math problems. Show your work in your science notebook as you use the F = ma equation to solve the problems. Work with your Learning Coach to complete the first two problems. Then see if you can figure out the rest of the problems on your own. Check your answers against the answers listed on the bottom of the page on slide 3.

Access the Quick Lab: Newton's Second Law worksheet. Write your responses to the questions in the activity in your science notebook, and discuss them with your Learning Coach. You do not have to turn this in.

Time to take the assessment! Review your notes and then take the assessment.

Lesson 8 Newton’s Third Law of Motion – Two Day Lesson

Essential Question: How can Newton's third law of motion be demonstrated?

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Objective: Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by outside forces according to Newton’s third law of motion

Key Words – Be sure you can define each term in your own words. Write your notes here:

Newton's third law of motion

Watch the “Newton’s Third Law of Motion” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. As you watch the movie, answer the following questions:

1. Explain how Newton’s cradle demonstrates Newton’s third law of motion.2. How do rockets traveling into space use Newton’s third law of motion to blast off?

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Pathwebsite. Review the information in Key Concept 3. Answer the question on slide 3, and discuss your answer with your Learning Coach.

Access the Balloon Rocket Experiment directions. Follow the directions for setting up the experiment. Carry out the experiment, and answer the questions at the end of the experiment. Ask your Learning Coach to help you set up, conduct, and analyze the results of your experiment.

Access the Quick Lab: Interpreting Illustrations worksheet. Work with your Learning Coach to make your poster, and label the action and reaction forces. You can modify the assignment by making a digital poster.

Review important concepts in this lesson. Click on the link below to complete the Review and Reinforce: Newton's Laws of Motion worksheet.

Note: Our discussion has been dropped. You will not need to complete the discussion assessment.

Watch the “Sir Isaac Visits the Circus: Part 1” and “Sir Isaac Visits the Circus: Part 2” Untamed Science videos from the Interactive Digital Path website. In watching, explore how circus performers use the laws of motion to perform their acts. Use these videos to review the important concepts you learned during the last few lessons.

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Lesson 9 Momentum

Essential Question: How do an object’s mass and speed affect its momentum?

Objective: Explain the relationship between an object's mass, velocity, and momentum

Key Words – Be sure you can define each term in your own words. Write your notes here:

Law of conservation of momentum

momentum

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Complete the Key Concept Summary activity. Work with your Learning Coach to describe the law of conservation of momentum.

Key Concept Notes:

Access the Interactive Art: Conservation of Momentum activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Explore the relationship between momentum, mass, and velocity by changing the mass and velocity of the train in the activity. Answer the questions on slides 3–5. Check your answers to see if you got them correct.

Complete the “Collision Lab” PhET Interactive Simulation. In this activity, you will be observing collisions of balls with different momentums. You will also be taking note of the starting and final momentum before and after each collision. You should notice that the sum of the starting momentums of both balls will be the same as the final momentum after the collision.

Access and complete the Collision Lab worksheet. You do not have to turn this in.

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Access the Apply It! Momentum of the Chase activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Discuss your answers to the questions on slides 2 and 3 with your Learning Coach.

Time to take the assessment! Review your notes and then take the assessment.

Access the Enrich: The Nature of Force worksheet. In this activity, you will create and analyze graphs of objects in motion.

Lesson 10 Freefall and Circular Motion – Two Day Lesson

Essential Question: How can free fall motion and circular motion both be classified as acceleration?

Objective: Investigate and analyze how an object's motion can be affected by free fall and centripetal force

Key Words – Be sure you can define each term in your own words. Write your notes here:

Centripetal Force

Free Fall

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Path website. Review the information in Key Concept 1. Then access the Do the Math! Free Falling activity from the Interactive Digital Path website. Apply the information from the Key Concept 1 tutorial to the Do the Math! Free Falling activity. Work with your Learning Coach to complete both activities.

Key Concept Notes:

Watch the “Newton’s Third Law of Motion” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. Answer the following questions as you watch the movie:

1. How does the movement of the weight affect the movement of the cart?

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2. Explain how Newton’s third law of motion allows the carbon dioxide gas to power the movement of the wooden cars.

3. What happens when the person lets go of the glass on the board after swinging it in a circular pattern?

4. How do some roller coasters take advantage of centripetal force?5. A roller coaster goes through a loop at a constant velocity. Is its acceleration changing or

staying the same? Explain your answer.

Access the Key Concept Summary tutorial from the Interactive Digital Pathwebsite. Review the information in Key Concept 2. Answer the following question as you complete the tutorial: Gravity is a force that holds a satellite in orbit around Earth. The gravity of Earth acts as a centripetal force on objects in orbit around it. What would happen to the satellites around Earth if, all of a sudden, gravity disappeared?

Key Concept 2 Notes:

Complete the Review and Reinforce: Free Fall and Circular Motion worksheet. You do not have to turn this in.

Watch the “Newton: Aligning the Theories of Kepler and Galileo” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. This movie shows how scientists build upon the works of the scientists who came before them to better understand the physical world.

Lesson 11 Forces and Motion Unit Review

Review your answers for the essential questions for this unit:

How is motion described? How are speed, velocity, and acceleration related? In what ways can outside forces affect an object's motion, position, and shape? How do friction and gravity affect motion? How does Newton's first law describe motion? How do force and mass affect acceleration? How can Newton's third law of motion be demonstrated?

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How do an object's mass and speed affect its momentum? How can free fall motion and circular motion both be classified as acceleration?

Watch the “Introduction to Forces and Gravity” Discovery Education™ streaming movie. As you watch, write down any concepts you need to review before the unit test.

Complete the Lesson Quizzes for areas you feel you need review.

Review your answers to the Lesson Quizzes

Complete the Forces and Motion Practice.

Lesson 12 Forces and Motion Unit Test

Complete the Unit Test. You may use your notes.

Be sure to complete all questions on the assessment using complete sentences when necessary.