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MRI Referral Flow Chart Sciatica Plain film lumbar spine XR is not indicated as it does not contribute to the management of leg pain
YesNo
Does pain radiate below the knee and a genuine straight leg raise (SLR) sign is present? (SLR test results in severe aggravation symptoms or LBP, not just hamstring tightness)
No Yes
Does patient have motor deficit e.g. foot drop. NB absent ankle jerk is not motor deficit
No Yes
Refer for urgent MRI and urgent surgical clinic reviewOn MRI request form, write ‘urgent’ and the name of the consultant your patient has been referred to
Has the patient has symptoms for more than 4 weeks?
No
MRI not indicated
MRI not indicated. Continue with conservative management, as symptoms may improve spontaneously
Refer for routine MRI. Surgical discussion at referrer’s discretion. MRI request forms should state the side and dermatomal location of symptoms / signs so that informed correlation with imaging findings can be made. E.g. right side sciatica, L5 dermatomal pain/numbness. No motor signs ? R L5 nerve root entrapment
Your patient may have unexpected pathology and paediatric referral is indicated
Is patient younger than 16 years
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Yes
Criteria for Acceptance of Direct GP Referrals for Lumbar Spine MRI
Routine referralSciatica• Patients over 16 with sciatica, defined
as pain radiating below the knee, showing no improvement within 4 weeks of onset, with sensory deficit or genuine positive straight leg raise.
Spinal Claudication• Patients with symptoms suggesting
spinal claudication (stenosis). (Pain, weakness or numbness in one or both legs, present on walking, eased by sitting or bending forward, lower limb circulation normal)
Urgent Referral• Patients with sciatica and a developing
motor deficit should be referred simultaneously for an urgent MRI scan and a surgical opinion. This should be specified on the MRI referral form so that it will be expedited and result made available for the clinic appointment.
• NB an absent ankle reflex in isolation is not a motor deficit
Clinical conditions excluded from pathway• Suspected acute cauda equina syndrome
should be managed as emergency• Patients with Mechanical LBP should
not be routinely referred as most do not require or benefit from MRI scanning
Return to NHS LBP PathwayReturn to NHS Tayside MSK Guidelines
MRI Criteria Knee (Barry Oliver Consultant Radiologist, Graeme Foubister Petros Boscainos and Richard Buckley Consultant
Orthopaedic Surgeons)MRI not indicated
• Patients under 15 or over 60 • Locked knee
– symptoms are continuous, not momentary or intermittent– a locked knee lacks at least 15 degrees of extension and
cannot flex to 90 degrees– (such patients need urgent orthopaedic referral with a view
to arthroscopy – MRI is unnecessary and delays treatment)
• Pseudolocking– (not to be confused with locking, this is momentary stiffness
following a period of immobility – typically in obese people with patellofemoral OA)
• Knee dislocation or other severe acute injury– (such patients are orthopaedic emergencies and should be
dealt with by secondary care)
• Any osteoarthritis (OA) on an x-ray• Obese patients with any clinical or radiographic
evidence of OA– (OA is very common in obese people – MRI in knees with OA
often shows meniscal damage that is not treatable by arthroscopy)
• Any previous meniscal surgery– (post-operative menisci simulate meniscal tears on MRI –
direct orthopaedic clinic referral is appropriate in such patients)
• Active knee inflammatory arthritis, unless symptoms relate to a recent injury
• Anterior knee pain – (usually due to patellofemoral OA, chondromalacia patellae or
tendon problem which may benefit from physiotherapy)
MRI indicated
• A knee XR must have been obtained within 6 months of MRI request
• Suspected meniscal tear
previous injury with
– medial joint line tenderness and pain worsened by external rotation at 90 degrees knee flexion
• Or
– lateral joint line tenderness and pain worsened by internal rotation at 90 degrees knee flexion
• Instability
– previous injury– subsequently, knee gives way during
rotation or pivoting
Forward to MRI knee flowchartReturn to Knee Pain Information
Return to NHS Tayside MSK Guidelines
Flowchart For Knee MRI Direct AccessIs the patient aged 15-60 years? No patient > 60 will be accepted for knee MRI
Is the knee locked?Is this a severe acute injury?
NO Consider Children's Orthopaedic or Paediatric clinic referral for children.OA is very common in those over 60 years – consider trial of symptomatic treatment.YES
NO
MRI referral may be beneficial to this patient
Urgent orthopaedic referral is indicated.MRI may delay treatment
Do clinical features indicate:instability or meniscal tear
A knee XR must have been obtained within 6 months of MRI request Is there: Any evidence of OA on x-ray?Pseudolocking?Predominantly anterior knee pain?
Is there an active inflammatoryarthritis and no recent injury?
Has there been previous meniscal surgery?
Consider symptomatic treatment or physiotherapy
OA is likely cause of symptoms.Consider symptomatic treatment or physiotherapy.
YES
NO
NO YES
YES
Rheumatology clinic referral may be more appropriate in the absence of a relevant injury.
Consider Orthopaedic referral.YES
YESNO
NOReturn to Knee Pain Information
Return to NHS Tayside MSK Guidelines