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PSYCHOLOGYMr. Tracy
Getting’ to know Ya – Draw a Pig! Pig Analysis If the pig is drawn: Toward the top of the paper – You have a tendency to be positive and
optimistic. Toward the middle – You have a tendency to be a realist. Toward the bottom – You have a tendency to be pessimistic and may be
prone to behaving negatively. Facing left – You have a tendency to believe in tradition and be friendly;
you may also be prone to remembering dates well. Facing Right – You have a tendency to be innovative and active, but may
be prone to forgetting dates easily and may not have a strong sense of family.
Facing front – You have a tendency to be direct, and may enjoy playing the role of devil’s advocate; you also are prone to neither fearing nor avoiding confrontational discussions.
With many details – You have a tendency to be analytical, but may also be prone to being cautious to the point that you struggle with trust.
With few details – You have a tendency to be emotional and to focus on the larger picture rather than focusing on details. You also have a tendency to be a great risk taker and may sometimes be prone to reckless and impulsive decisions.
With less than 4 legs showing – May indicate that you are living through a major period of change and as a result you may be prone to struggling with insecurities.
With 4 legs showing – You have a tendency to be secure and to stick to your ideals; however, others may describe you as stubborn.
With large ears – Indicates how good of a listener you are (the bigger, the better).
With a long tail – Indicates how intelligent you are (the longer, the better)
Intelligent Quotient Scale – Accurate? https://memorado.com/iqtest?r=134#.U-IiTZtlIsv.facebook
Stanford-Binet Scale (1916) Over 140 - Genius or almost genius
120 - 140 - Very superior intelligence110 - 119 - Superior intelligence90 - 109 - Average or normal intelligence80 - 89 - Dullness70 - 79 - Borderline deficiency in intelligenceUnder 70 - Feeble-mindedness
Research what these findings mean and determine their accuracy based on personal introspection.
FOR HW - One paragraph summary of your results and conclusions
Unit 1 – Chapter 1
• Psychology is…• The scientific study of behavior and mental
process• Behavior-ANY action other people can observe
or measure
• Goals of Psychology• Observe• Describe• Explain• Predict• CONTROL? CHANGE?
• A Social Science, but also deals with Natural Science
What do Psychologist do? MANY different groups, with varied focus
CANNOT prescribe medication (psychiatrist) Clinical – largest group
Depression, anxiety, relationships, drugs, etc Counseling – adjustment issues
Family, marital, etc School/Education – schools and districts
Learning disorders, peers, standardized tests, etc
Other…including experimental/research REFLECTION???? Which would you choose?
History of Psychology
Ancient GreeksSocrates said we should “question ourselves” – introspectionHippocrates – disturbed mentalities were abnormalities in the
brain (physical) 1800’s in Europe
Wilhelm Wundt – Structuralism○ Human mind combined objective sensations with subjective
thoughtWilliam James – Functionalism
○ Human ADAPT to environment and learn from successful experience
John B. Watson – Behaviorism○ Based on observable, measurable ACTIONS, only the person knows
why it happened○ Little Albert? Read and video
History of Psychology, Part DeuceBF Skinner – Added to Behaviorism
○ REINFORCEMENT/REWARD will influence behaviorPositive/Negative?
○ Classical Conditioning○ Operant Condition○ SKINNER VIDEO – explain Skinner’s Experiments
Gestalt School People seek out PATTERNS to determine
behaviorLearning is ACTIVE and purposefulINSIGHT reorganizes perceptions therefore
changes behavior
History of Psychology – then there was Freud Sigmund Freud -
PsychoanalysisUnderstanding through consulting with
patients (the Couch)Behavior is a result of unconscious
motives and internal conflicts○ Freudian slips? Dreams?
Sexual and aggressive instincts, clashing with the rules of society, cause many HIDDEN conflicts
Sit Bluto, Lets Talk
Analyze Bluto’s behavior using… FunctionalismBehaviorismPsychoanalysis
Attempt to explain why Bluto acts this using the three schools of thought
• Blutarski video
Contemporary Perspectives of Psychology Built on Classic Theories
Neuroscience – body and brain enables emotions○ Natural Science??
Evolutionary – Natural selection perpetuates STRONG genes○ Social Darwin???
Behavior genetics – Nature VS Nurture○ Twins??
Psychodynamic – Unconscious drivesBehavioral – Observable responsesCognitive – Storing and processing informationSocio Cultural – Changes in behavior and thinking
are different according to culture○ Nacirema??
Unit 1 - Chapter 2
Scientific MethodQuestionHypothesisTestAnalysis - Draw a Conclusion
Identify the Scientific Method…do you agree with their conclusions?
Psychological Methods
Psychology is an EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
Surveys, Samples and PopulationsSurvey Method
○ Asking people directly through questionnaires or interviews
Population and Samples○ Target Population – the group to be
studied○ Sample – PART of the Target Population
Random Sample – selected by chanceStratified Sample – proportional representation
of the target group
Methods of Observation Testing Method –learn about human behavior
through tests IntelligenceAptitudePersonality
○Take the SAD test!!! Case-Study Method – In-depth investigation of a
group or personVIDEO: “Genie The Wild Child”
○ Three paragraphs that Identify Genie’s storyWhat is being testedResults
Social Avoidance and Distress Scale Results Count ONE (1) point for each
answer that matches
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. T
9. F
10. T
11. T
12. F
13. T
14. T
15. F
16. T
17. F
18. T
19. F
20. T
21. T
22. F
23. T
24. T
25. F
26. T
27. F
28. F
The Norms reported by Watson and Friend (1969)
Low Moderate HighMales Below 4 4-19 20+
Females 0 1-16 17+
The HIGHER the score the GREATER degree of Social Discomfort.
Analyze: 1. The NORMS that W&F
developed. What do they mean? 2. YOUR score. DO you agree with W&F? Accuracy?
Other Methods of Observation Naturalistic Method
Field study of people in their nautral environment
Laboratory/Observation MethodNot always the white-sterile stereotype
labThe Skinner Box
Analyzing Observations Correlation – a measure of how
closely one thing is related to anotherA STRONG correlation means things
are closely related Positive Correlation
A RELATIONSHIP between the variables Negative Correlation
WEAK relationships between variables Correlations describe relationships
NOT cause and effect!
Experiment Method Participants receive a Treatment within a certain
Condition Variables are factors that can vary or change
within the experiment Independent Variable – factor manipulated so
researchers can determine its effectExample: Raising or lowering the Temperature in a
classroom Dependent Variable – id DEPENDENT on the I.V.
Example: How the students react and behave Experimental Group and Control Group are both
studied Placebo??
Ethical Issues Ethics are standards for proper and responsible
behavior (APA)Confidentiality; private; not harmful; purposeful/meaningful; when the benefits outweigh the harm?!?!?!
Animal ResearchUsed ONLY when there is no alternativeMoving away from it today
Researcher should be as objective and thoughtful as possible in planning and perpetrating their experiments
Unethical Experiments Assignment
Psychology Unit 2 Chapters 3 and 4 Biology and Behavior Sensation and Perception
