Mr. Quinn World Cultures Background of Hammurabi Hammurabi: Man of War Old Babylonians Leader of the Amorites, or “Old Babylonians.” Created a

Mr. QuinnMr. QuinnWorld CulturesWorld Cultures

Background of HammurabiBackground of HammurabiHammurabiHammurabi:: Man of War Man of War


Leader of the Amorites, or “Old BabyloniansOld Babylonians.” Created a new empire in

the area that was Mesopotamia by employing a well-disciplined army.

Soldiers carried bronze axes, spears, and daggers.

Employed a divide-and-divide-and-conquerconquer method to gain control of Sumer and Sumer and AkkadAkkad.

Map Of The Babylonian Empire Map Of The Babylonian Empire At The Time of HammurabiAt The Time of Hammurabi

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hammurabi's_Babylonia_1.svg/400px-Hammurabi's_Babylonia_1.svg.png



Builds a new capital city with the city of BabylonBabylon.

Artist Rendition Of The Hanging Gardens Of BabylonArtist Rendition Of The Hanging Gardens Of Babylonhttp://www.geocities.com/Pipeline/4966/garden2.jpg

Background of HammurabiBackground of HammurabiHammurabiHammurabi:: Man of Peace Man of Peace

Background of HammurabiBackground of HammurabiHammurabiHammurabi:: Man of Peace Man of Peace

AssimilatedAssimilated Mesopotamian culture with Sumerian ways to create a larger, more stable culture.

Was extremely interested in state-building, funding the building of irrigation irrigation systemssystems, temples, walled walled citiescities, and public buildings.

Encouraged and protected both domestic and foreign trade.

Sargon The ConquerorSargon The Conquerorhttp://www.akkad.ca/artempiressargon.jpg

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiOriginsOrigins

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiOriginsOrigins

Not the first code of laws in Mesopotamia, but most of the earlier laws survive in fragments.

Provides insight into just about every aspect of Mesopotamian society and life.

228228 law codes were carved into tablets.

Code Of Hammurabi In Code Of Hammurabi In Cuneiform WritingCuneiform Writing

http://geodi.org/Pari141.JPG

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiCriminal CodesCriminal Codes


Very strict system of Very strict system of justicejustice.

Penalties were severe and varied according to social varied according to social classclass.

Examples. A crime against a member of

the upper class (nobility) by a member of the lower class (commoner) was punished more severely than the same offense against a member of the lower class.

Shamash, Babylonian Sun God & Shamash, Babylonian Sun God & God Of JusticeGod Of Justice

http://www.awesomestories.com/biography/stories/hammurabi/images/shamash.jpg



Principle of retaliation Principle of retaliation and retributionand retribution applies.“Eye for an eye, tooth Eye for an eye, tooth

for a toothfor a tooth.”Only when the law

applied for social equalssocial equals. Members of the upper classes usually paid money for crimes against the lower members of society.

Bust of HammurabiBust of Hammurabihttp://clendening.kumc.edu/dc/pc/hammurabi01.jpg

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiResponsibilities of Public OfficialsResponsibilities of Public OfficialsThe Code of HammurabiThe Code of Hammurabi

Responsibilities of Public OfficialsResponsibilities of Public OfficialsGovernors of an area and

city officials were expected to catch criminals.Failure to do so meant

that the officials had to replace property or pay replace property or pay damagesdamages to the victims or their families. This was done out of their own done out of their own pocketspockets.

Belshazzar, Belshazzar, Prince Of Babylon Ca. 550 B.C.Prince Of Babylon Ca. 550 B.C.

http://www.ordination.org/Belshazzer.jpg



Soldiers were expected to serve. If a soldier hired a

substitute, the original soldier was put to deathput to death and the substitute given full control over the first full control over the first man’s estateman’s estate.

Babylonian SoldierBabylonian Soldierhttp://lh4.ggpht.com/_uuSFdDYNAc4/Rz8YFY4DuwI/

AAAAAAAACNs/bGvRmCNC-w8/aamacedonia-soldier-2.jpg

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiConsumer Protection LawsConsumer Protection Laws


BuildersBuilders were responsible for the buildings they constructed. If the building collapsed and

killed a family member, a family member of the builder was also killed.

Laws surrounding renting and owning farmland were also within the code. Babylonian LionBabylonian Lion

http://home.cfl.rr.com/crossland/AncientCivilizations/Middle_East_Civilizations/Babylonians/Ishtar_Gate_of_Babylon_section_jk.jpg



Irrigation lawsIrrigation laws were strict because of the geographygeography of Mesopotamia.

Interest rates on loansInterest rates on loans were watched very closely. If a lender raised his interest

rates after the loan was made, the lender lost the entire lost the entire amountamount of the loan.

Wage restrictionsWage restrictions for different key laborers. Remains Of A Babylonian Remains Of A Babylonian

Irrigation CanalIrrigation Canalhttp://journeytoforever.org/media/l/lowd2.jpg

The Code of HammurabiThe Code of HammurabiMarriage And Family LawMarriage And Family Law


The largest category of laws.

Parents were to arrange arrange marriagesmarriages for their children and both parties were to sign a formal formal marriage contractmarriage contract.Consisted of a bridal bridal

paymentpayment by the husband, as well as a dowrydowry paid by the bride’s father.

The Lion Of BabylonThe Lion Of Babylonhttp://images.warnewsradio.org/lionofbabylon.jpg



Role of women. Barefoot, taking care of the Barefoot, taking care of the

children, and in the kitchenchildren, and in the kitchen. Had very little in the way of

legal rights when married. Had some business rights, but

not many. When the husband died, his

property (at least in theory) was transferred directly to her. The wife had the right to distribute the property as inheritance to her children as she wished.

Babylonian Marriage MarketBabylonian Marriage Markethttp://bioephemera.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/babylon.jpg



Divorce. The husband had most of the

power over divorce. The woman was expected to

fulfill her duties at home fulfill her duties at home or else the husband could divorce her and keep the dowry.

However, if the woman had done nothing wrong and could prove it, then she could have the dowry returned.

Babylonian SphinxBabylonian Sphinxhttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/16653/16653-h/img/5.jpg



Parental rights.Parents had total rights total rights

over their children and over their children and obedience was obedience was demandeddemanded.

Could not disinherit their children arbitrarily, there had to be reason and it needed to be brought before a court of law. Stele From The Ishtar GateStele From The Ishtar Gate

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/images/berlin/pergamon-museum/resized/ishtar-gate-cc-mshamma.jpg

Documents

Mr. Quinn World Cultures Background of Hammurabi Hammurabi: Man of War Old Babylonians Leader of the Amorites, or “Old Babylonians.” Created a