Mr. Marsh

Columbus North High School

The Roman Army All citizens were required

to serve

Army was powerful:Organization & fighting skill

Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

Rome Spreads its Power Romans defeat

Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south

Treatment of Conquered:Forge alliancesOffer citizenship

By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

Ensuring Success

Roman citizens usually made good soldiers because they were brought up to value loyalty, courage, and respect for authority.

If a soldier showed courage he usually was praised and promoted.

If a unit fled during battle 1 out of 10 soldiers in the legion were put to death.

Conquered Lands

Conquered lands were usually granted a great deal of privileges.

Could keep their customs, money, and local governments as long as they paid taxes, were loyal to Rome and supplied the

Roman army with troops.

Protection and Unification

To protect its conquests, Roman soldiers were stationed throughout the land.

Roads were built to link distant territories to Rome.

Latin language emerged as the spoken language

Driving Question

What impact did the wars with Carthage have in shaping Rome

Lesson Goals

Students will be able to identify the causes of the Punic Wars

Students will be able to describe the effects of each of the three Punic Wars

Dispute over control of Sicily and trade

routes in the western Mediterranean

brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North

African city-state of Carthage

Carthage

Carthage had been

founded as Phoenician colony 500

years earlier

Result was the three Punic Wars

264-146 BC

FIRST PUNIC WAR Primarily a naval war

○ Carthage had a great navy

○ Rome had small navy and little experience in naval warfareDefeated time and

time again by larger and more experienced Carthaginian navy

ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrenderFinally turned the tables on

Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare○ Equipped ships with huge

hooks and stationed soldiers on shipsWould hook enemy ship,

pull it nearby, and board it with soldiers

Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles○ Something Rome was very

good at○ Won First Punic War as a

result

Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France60,000 soldiers and 60

elephantsRomans experience severe

losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa

The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

SECOND PUNIC WAR Carthagian general Hannibal

surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps, and invades Italy from the northDefeats Roman armies sent

to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself○ Too well fortified○ Settles instead on war of

attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base

ROME WINS THIS ONE TOO

Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for CarthageLed by patrician general

Scipio Aemilius AfricanusHannibal forced to leave Italy

to protect Carthage○ Defeated at the Battle of

Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage

Hannibal

Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage Scipio- Roman StrategistConquered people sold into

slavery

The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

THIRD PUNIC WAR Carthage finished after Second

Punic WarHannibal committed suicideEconomy shatteredLost all territory to RomeBut some Romans feared it

might revive someday and challenge Rome again○ Notably Cato the Elder

Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map

Cato the Elder

ROME WINS A THIRD TIME Due to Cato’s persistent efforts,

Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage

Wins easily

Entire population of city sold into slavery

Everything of value carried back to Rome

Everything else burned and dumped into the sea

Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again

Carthage completely disappeared

What did we learn about the Punic Wars?