MR. LIMPERT’S “ROAD MAP TO SUCCESS” FOR THE ROCK CYCLE

TEXTBOOK PAGES 90-111CHAPTER 4

ROCK

• A ROCK IS A NATURALLY OCCURRING, SOLID, MIXTURE OF ONE OR ___ AND ORGANIC___

• ORGANIC???LIVING MATERIAL-MATTER FROM ______ _____ORGANISMS.

ROCK CYCLE

• THE _____ PROCESS BY WHICH NEW ROCK FORMS FROM OLD ROCK MATERIAL..

• CONTINUAL???DOES IT EVER END??

WHAT IS COMPOSITION?

• WHAT IS ____ A ROCK• THE _____ A ROCK CONTAINS DETERMINES

THIS• THINK PERCENTAGES!

WHAT IS TEXTURE?

• THE SIZE, SHAPE AND POSITIONS OF THE ___ THAT MAKE UP A ROCK

• FINE-GRAINED=___ TO SEE WHAT IS INSIDE• MEDIUM-GRAINED=GRAINS SOMEWHAT

VISIBLE• COARSE-GRAINED=CAN SEE THE PIECES OF

WHAT’S INSIDE ____

NOW IT’S TIME TO BEGIN OUR ROCK CYCLE ROAD MAP JOURNEY

• CITIES=THE MAIN ____ TYPES AND PARTS OF THE ROCK CYCLE

• HIGHWAYS=THE ______ THAT LEAD TO THE CITIES/WHAT HAPPENS TO THE ROCK TO GO FROM ONE CITY TO THE NEXT

• TOURIST STOPS-WHAT YOU CAN ___ ALONG THE WAY AS YOU TRAVEL TO THE CITY

HIGHWAYS TO SEDIMENTARY CITY

• WEATHERING HIGHWAY=_____ DOWN OF ROCK INTO _____ FRAGMENTS(SEDIMENTS=SMALL ROCK AND MINERAL FRAGMENTS)

• EROSION HIGHWAY=____ OF SEDIMENT FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

• (WIND, WATER)

TOURIST STOPS THAT YOU CAN SEE AS YOU GO TO SEDIMENTARY CITY

• DEPOSITION=SEDIMENT IS DROPPED AND COMES TO ____

• (IN BODIES OF WATER, LOW-LYING AREAS)• COMPACTION= SEDIMENTSQUEEZED/_____

TOGETHER• CEMENTATION= SEDIMENT ___ TOGETHER BY

MINERALS IN WATER TO FORM SEDIMENTARY ROCK

STRATA/STRATIFICATION TOURIST STOP TO SEDIMENTARY CITY

• PROCESS WHERE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE ARRANGED IN ____

• STRATA=LAYERS• SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN LAYERS=___

LAYERS COVER OLDER LAYERS• OLDER LAYERS BECOME _____

WHAT WOULD YOU SEE AS YOU ARRIVE AT SEDIMENTARY CITY?

• CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK=FORMS WHEN ROCK OR MINERAL FRAGMENTS ARE ____ TOGETHER

• EX=CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE• CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK=FORMS WHEN

MINERAL ____ OUT OF A SOLUTION, SUCH AS SEA WATER, TO BECOME ROCK

• EX=ROCK SALT• ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK=FORMS FROM THE

REMAINS OF ONCE-____PLANTS AND ANIMALS• EX=LIMESTONE, COAL

LET’S REVIEW THE HIGHWAYS THAT LEAD TO SEDIMENTARY CITY

• WEATHERING-TWO TYPES..• CHEMICAL WEATHERING=THE PROCESS BY

WHICH ROCKS BREAK DOWN AS A RESULT OF _____ _____(WATER, WEAK ACIDS, AIR)

• MECHANICAL WEATHERING=THE BREAKDOWN OF ROCK INTO SMALLER PIECES BY ____ MEANS(ICE, WIND, GRAVITY, PLANTS, ANIMALS)

• EROSION

LET’S REVIEW THE TOURIST STOPS ON THE WAY TO SEDIMENTARY CITY

• DEPOSITON• COMPACTION• CEMENTATION• STRATA/STRATIFICATION

HERE’S THE ORDER AGAIN..

• 1ST-ROCK IS WEATHERED/BROKEN DOWN• 2ND=SEDIMENTS MOVED BY EROSION• 3RD=SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED AND SETTLE IN

LAYERS(STRATIFICATION)• 4TH=SEDIMENTS COMPACTED/SQUEEZED OR

PRESSED• 5TH=SEDIMENTS GLUED(CEMENTED)

TOGETHER TO FORM SEDIMENTARY ROCK

HIGHWAYS THAT LEAD TO METAMORPHIC CITY

• HEAT AND PRESSURE

TOURIST STOPS TO SEE GOING TO METAMORPHIC CITY

• METAMORPHISM=ROCKS CHANGE ____ DUE TO INTENSE HEAT AND PRESSURE AT GREAT DEPTHS

• TEMPS-50 DEGREES C TO ____ DEGREES C• TWO TYPES*****************************• CONTACT=WHEN MAGMA COMES INTO DIRECT

CONTACT WITH THE SURROUNDING ROCK• REGIONAL=COLLISIONS OF EARTH CRUST PIECES

OR PRESSURE BUILDS UP FROM BE BEING BURIED DEEP

A FEW OTHER TOURIST STOPS ON THE WAY TO METAMORPHIC CITY

• FOLIATED=MINERAL GRAINS ARRANGED IN PLANES OR ____

• EXAMPLES=SLATE, GNEISS• NON-FOLIATED=MINERAL GRAINS ARE ___

ARRANGED IN PLANES OR BANDS• EXAMPLES=MARBLE, QUARTZITE• DEFORMATION=CHANGE IN ____ OF ROCK

WHAT WOULD YOU SEE AS YOU ARRIVE IN METAMORPHIC CITY?

• FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK• NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK• METAMORPHISM OF ROCK• DEFORMATION OF ROCK=A CHANGE IN THE

SHAPE OF A ROCK CAUSED BY FORCE OR PRESSURE(BENDING, FOLDING)

TIME TO REVIEW..HIGHWAYS TO METAMORPHIC CITY

• HEAT AND PRESSURE

TOURIST STOPS TO METAMORPHIC CITY

• METAMORPHISM(CONTACT, REGIONAL)• FOLIATED• NON-FOLIATED• DEFORMATION

HIGHWAY LEADING TO MAGMA CITY

• MELTING

WELCOME TO MAGMA CITY-HERE’S WHAT YOU WOULD SEE..

• THE HOT LIQUID THAT FORMS WHEN ROCK PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY MELTS IS CALLED ____.

• UNDER GROUND/INSIDE EARTH/BELOW SURFACE

LET’S REVIEW..WHAT HIGHWAY LEADS TO MAGMA CITY?

• MELTING

HIGHWAYS LEADING TO IGNEOUS CITY..

• COOLING(SOLIDIFICATION)=MAGMA COOLS AND ________ TO BECOME IGNEOUS ROCK

• VOLCANIC ACTIVITY=MAGMA ___ DENSE, SO IT RISES TO HIGHER LEVELS OF EARTH’S CRUST…AT THE SURFACE, IT COOLS..

TOURIST STOPS TO SEE ON WAY TO IGNEOUS CITY

• FELSIC=___ COLORED IGNEOUS ROCKS(GRANITE)=_____DENSE

• MAFIC=____ COLORED IGNEOUS ROCKS(BASALT)=____DENSE

• INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS=BELOW SURFACE(INSIDE EARTH), COOLS ___, ____, VISIBLE CRYSTALS, COARSE-GRAINED(CAN SEE PARTS INSIDE ROCK) THIS IS____..

• EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS=OUTSIDE/ON SURFACE/VOLCANOES ERUPT, COOLS____ , VERY ___ CRYSTALS, FINE GRAINED(HARD TO SEE PARTS INSIDE ROCK)..THIS IS ____

OK..TIME TO REVIEW..HIGHWAYS LEADING TO IGNEOUS CITY..

• COOLING• VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

..WHAT WOULD YOU SEE ALONG THE WAY OR AT IGNEOUS CITY?

• MAFIC=DARK• FELSIC-LIGHT• INTRUSIVE=COOLS SLOW, LARGE CRYSTALS• EXTRUSIVE=COOLS FAST, SMALL CRYSTALS,

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY FOR THIS ONE

THEN THE ROCK CYCLE…

• WOULD CONTINUE AND GO ON AND ON AND ON…IT DOESN’T____

• EACH ROCK TYPE CAN CHANGE INTO ONE OF THE ______ TYPES OF ROCK

• ROCKS MAY FOLLOW VARIOUS ______ IN THE ROCK CYCLE

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN…

1. WHAT TWO HIGHWAYS LEAD TO SEDIMENTARY CITY?

2. WHAT ARE THE TOURIST STOPS ON THE WAY TO SEDIMENTARY CITY?

3. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS YOU CAN SEE AT THIS CITY?

4. WHAT IS THE MAIN HIGHWAY LEADING TO METAMORPHIC CITY?

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN..

• 5. WHAT TOURIST STOPS WOULD YOU ENCOUNTER AT METAMORPHIC CITY?

• 6. WHAT KINDS OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS WOULD YOU SEE IN THIS CITY?

• 7. WHAT IS THE ONLY HIGHWAY THAT LEADS TO MAGMA CITY?

• 8. WHAT IS MAGMA?

NOW IT’S YOU TURN..

• 9. WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN HIGHWAYS LEADING TO IGNEOUS CITY?

• 10. WHAT ARE THE 4 TOURIST STOPS ALONG THE WAY TO IGNEOUS CITY?

• 11. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ROCKS YOU WOULD SEE ONCE YOU ARRIVE AT IGNEOUS CITY?

LET’S SUMMARIZE..

• COOLING AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY HIGHWAYS LEAD TO________CITY

• MELTING HIGHWAY LEADS TO_____CITY• HEAT AND PRESSURE HIGHWAY LEADS

TO______CITY• WEATHERING AND EROSION HIGHWAY LEADS

TO________CITY

LET’S SUMMARIZE..

• DEPOSITION, COMPACTION, CEMENTATION, STRATIFICATION ARE ALL TOURIST STOPS ON THE WAY TO ______CITY

• METMAORPHISM, FOLIATED, NON-FOLIATED AND DEFORMATION ARE TOURIST STOPS LEADING TO WHAT CITY?

• MAGMA IS FOUND IN WHAT CITY?• FELSIC, MAFIC, INTRUSIVE, EXTRUSIVE ARE

TOURIST STOPS LEADING TO ____CITY

LET’S SUMMARIZE..

• AT WHAT CITY WOULD YOU SEE CLASTIC, CHEMICAL, AND ORGANIC ROCKS?

• WHICH COME FIRST…DEPOSITION, EROSION, WEATHERING, COMPACTION, OR CEMENTATION?

• WHICH COMES LAST? DEPOSITION, EROSION, WEATHERING, COMPACTION, OR CEMENTATION?

LET’S SUMMARIZE..

• WHAT ARE THE MAIN HIGHWAYS LEADING TO..

• MAGMA CITY?• METAMORPHIC CITY?• IGNEOUS CITY?• SEDIMENTARY CITY?

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 4 MAIN CITIES OF THE ROCK CYCLE?

• 1.• 2.• 3.• 4.

PROJECT TIME…• GROUPS OF 1, 2,3 OR 4• CONSTRUCT/BUILD, CREATE, DRAW, OR ILLUSTRATE MR.

LIMPERT’S ROAD MAP TO SUCCESS FOR LEARNING THE ROCK CYCLE..

• HERE’S WHAT TO INCLUDE..STRUCTURES/DRAWINGS OF• THE CITIES…• THE HIGHWAYS LEADING TO CITIES• THE TOURIST STOPS ALONG THE WAY TO EACH CITY• LABELS FOR EACH STOP• PICTURES FOR EACH HIGHWAY, TOURIST STOP, AND CITY• CREATIVITY/COLOR/NEATNESS• PRESENT AND SHARE/SEQUENCE OF ROCK CYCLE

PROJECT TIME CHECKLIST

• 1. MAGMA CITY STRUCTURE• PICTURE/LABEL___• A)HIGHWAYS/STRUCTURES• MELTING PICTURE/LABEL___• 2. SEDIMENTARY CITY STRUCTURE• PICTURE/LABEL___• A)HIGHWAYS/STRUCTURES• EROSION AND WEATHERING PICTURES/LABELS_

PROJECT TIME CHECKLIST..

• B)TOURIST STOPS/STRUCTURES TO SEDIMENTARY CITY..PICTURES AND LABELS___

• DEPOSITION• COMPACTION• CEMENTATION• STRATA/STRATIFICATION

PROJECT TIME CHECKLIST..• 3. METAMORPHIC CITY STRUCTURE• PICTURE/LABEL___• A)HIGHWAYS/STRUCTURES:• HEAT AND PRESSURE PICTURE/LABELS___• B)TOURIST STOPS/STRUCTURES AND PICTURES

AND LABELS_____• METAMORPHISM• FOLIATED• NON-FOLIATED• DEFORMATION

PROJECT TIME CHECKLIST..• 4. IGNEOUS CITY PICTURE/STRUCTURE/LABEL__• A)HIGHWAYS/STRUCTURE TO THIS CITY• COOLING PICTURE/LABEL___• VOLCANIC ACTIVITY PICTURE/LABEL__• B)TOURIST STOPS/STRUCTURES LEADING HERE

PICTURES AND LABELS__• FELSIC• MAFIC• INTRUSIVE• EXTRUSIVE

PROJECT TIME CHECKLIST..

• 5. LABELS____• 6. CREATIVITY____• 7. COLOR___• 8. NEATNESS___• 9. CORRECT SEQUENCE OF ROCK CYCLE

PATHWAYS(INDICATE BY ARROWS)__• 10. PRESENT AND SHARE___• 11. WOW! CONSTRUCTION/IDEA___