Seminar on Motherboard

Submitted by – Sumit Kumar4th year B.Tech, ECE (2010-13)

Branch – ECE, SKIT, Jaipur.

Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan , Jaipur

PCS Tech. Started in1983. Global IT Solution provider. PCS Technology is a 100 million dollar

company today. Headquartered in Jebel Ali, Dubai. Global presence – 32 offices across the

globe. Distinct Quality Process – ISO 9001:2000 &

ISO 14001 certified.

Introduction to PCS Tech. Ltd.

International OperationsSales and Marketing offices – Dubai, Africa, USA ,

EuropeManufacturing facility for desktop, servers and

notebooks in Jebel Ali, Dubai India Operations

Manufactures PCS range of desktops, notebooks and servers

Provides IT service support and annual maintenance contract.

Head office – MumbaiRegional offices - Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore,

Calcutta, Bhopal, and Jaipur22 branch offices44 area service centers

Alliances

Introduction to Computer H/W

Fig. - Brief Architecture of computer H/w

Multi-layered printed circuit board Copper circuit paths called traces carry signals

and voltages across the motherboard Some layers carry data for input/output while

other layers carry voltage and ground returns Form factors of M/B

◦ 3 most common form factor classifications: Baby AT (11.2" x 8.2") ATX (12" x 9.6“) Slimline NLX (8.0" x 10.0“)

Intro. to the motherboard

The motherboard is the hub of all data exchange

The CPU.The Busses.Chips

ROM chips/ BIOS chipsCMOS storage.The chipset(Controllers).Real Time Clock (RTC) -System ClockKeyboard Controller - Super I/O controller

SocketsPlugs, connectors and portsOthers – N/W Interface IC, Sound IC etc

M/B’s components-

Data exchange on the M/B

System BUS

Intel chipset 915G. The south bridge ICH6 is to the left

Fig. - Connectors & plugs mounted directly on a motherboard

Fig. - General Motherboard structure

CPU

The CPU is mounted on the motherboard, hidden under the cooling fan and heat sink.

The CPU circuit (the ”die”)

Close up of a CPU circuit (die).

Wafer and path from die to pins of CPU

The underside of a (P4) CPU, showing the many pins.

A technician from Intel holding a wafer. This slice of silicon contains hundreds of tiny processor cores,

The cache

Cache RAM is much faster than normal RAM

The way the processor uses the L1 and L2 cache.

CPU and the motherboard

Bridges connect the various busses together

Bus connect various devices

The Chipset

The two chips which make up the chipset, and which connect the motherboard’s busses

Intel chipset 915G. The south bridge ICH6 is to the left

VIA P4X266A & VT8233C

North Bridge

The north bridge and its immediate surroundings.

South Bridge

Chipset complete Layout

Video card - integrated into the north bridge Sound card - in the south bridge Modem - in the south bridge Network and firewire - in the south bridge Built - in RAID or (seldom) SCSI controller Other network, screen and sound facilities Wireless LAN SmartCard/MemoryStick/etc. readers

Extra facilities on chipset

Two general methods are used1. Computer POST / beep codes2. PC Analyzer Card code

1. Computer POST / beep codes– They are different for different BIOS manufacture like AMI, Phoenix, IBM, AWARD, Macintosh

Example for IBM BIOS – No Beeps - No Power, Loose Card, or Short 1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok - No problem 2 Short Beep POST error, review screen for error code - See screen Continuous beep - Power supply failure Repeating short beeps - Power supply failure One long and two short beeps - Display adapter (video card) failure One long and three short beeps - Display adapter (video card) failure

M/B Troubleshooting

2. PC Analyzer Card+12 +3.3 +5V CLK FRAM IRDY-12

RST

Current POST Code

Previous POST Code

Visually check dry soldering joints and then resold them

Visually check electronic components and replace damaged components

Capacitor Inductor Resistor

If still problem occur, we check IC using IC tester and replace it if gone bad

If still problem is not resolved then ask expert help

M/B general Physical Repair

04/07/2023

FOR YOUR ATTENTION

THANKS

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04/07/2023

QUERIES!!!

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