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Most plastics are thermoplastics.
Most thermoplastics are commodity.
Engineering Thermoplastics
The most common!!Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polycarbonate (PC)Polyamides (PA or Nylon)
JUST print out slides 1 – 30!!!
Polymer Materials
Engineering Resins ABS Nylon Polycarbonate Acetal Acrylic Cellulosics Ionomer
Polymer Materials
Engineering Resins (cont) PBT PET PPO
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ABS
EXCELLENT CHEMICAL RESISITANCE!!
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
This is an ethenic engineering plastic i.e. basic monomer structure as
ethylene – just modifying polystyrene by: Adding plasticizer and copolymers of
styrene butadiene and styrene acrylonitrile to produce a polystyrene terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene (ABS).
ABS
butadiene
ABS
Major Uses Appliance Housings Canoes Typewriter Keys Pipes & Pipe Fittings Telephone Housings
ABS
Why would you want to use it? Low to Medium Cost Good Impact Strength Good Chemical Resistance High Gloss Surface Finish Good Flexural Properties
ABS
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Thermoforming
ABS
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 135° Min = Already below Tg
ABS (UNFILLED)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.010 1.060Price 0.84 0.92 $/lbTensile Strength 6000 psiFlexural Modulus 300 ksiIZOD (Notched) 3 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 0.3% Max Crystallinity 0Tg 220 °FHDT @ 264 210 °F
Nylon
PA - Polyamide
http://www.sdplastics.com/nylon.html
http://www.ides.com/generics/Nylon/Nylon_typical_properties.htm
HIGHEST STRENGTH THERMALPLASTIC!!
Basic Info
Polyamides (nylon) are polymers formed as a condensation product of an acid and amine. They all contain the characteristic amide group: CO-NH.
Types Most Common
Nylon 6 Nylon 6/6
Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/12 Nylon 11 Nylon 12
** suffixes refer to the number of carbon atoms in each reacting substances involved in condensation process. They are used as an identification factor. Nylons with a period between the numbers are homopolymers; nylons with a slash (/) between numbers are a cop0lymner (ex. Nylon 6/12 is a copolymer of nylons 6 and 12)
• Crystalline – Yes, very flexible• Hygroscopic – Yes (O and N)• Glass Transition = (135 F)• Flammability – Varies depending on additives, but
will usually self extinguish because of N
Nylon Nylon 6/6
Nylon
Major Uses Structural parts!! (i.e. replacement for cast
aluminum 380 series) Electrical Connectors Gears Bearings Cables, Ties, Rope Fishing Line Automotive Valve Covers/Oil Pans Sports/Exercise Equipment Tools
Nylon Why would you want to use it?
High Strength – among the highest of all engineering plastics
Good candidate for structural parts Good Heat Resistance (continuous use up
to 260 F, bonded to rubber in molds up to 350 F)
Good Chemical Resistance Excellent Wear Resistance Good Fatigue Resistance
Nylon
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Rotational Molding Thermoforming
Nylon 6 (UNFILLED)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.120 1.140Price 1.52 1.56 $/lbTensile Strength 14000 psiFlexural Modulus 400 ksiIZOD (Notched) 1.5 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 2.7% Max CrystallinityTg 145 °FHDT @ 264 250 °F
Nylon 6/6 = most commonProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.130 1.150Price 1.56 1.67 $/lbTensile Strength 12000 psiFlexural Modulus 420 ksiIZOD (Notched) 1 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 2.5% Max Crystallinity 65Tg 55 °FHDT @ 264 490 °F
More on Nylon One of the first “engineering” plastics (30s). Crystalline thermoplastic Can have tensile properties comparable to soft
aluminum. Types 6 and 6/6 are the cheapest and most common
(also worst for moisture absorption)!! These two grades = 90% of production in US. Also, highest strength grades.
Biggest disadvantage – tendency to absorb moisture after prolonged period (up to 10% by weight) which causes war page.
Nylon 12 – best moisture resistant grade
Su = 35 ksi!!
**Discuss bearing plate project for RuR, show samples
Polycarbonates (PC)
IMPACT STRENGTH!!
Polycarbonate
• Crystalline – No, too rigid• Hygroscopic – Yes (O)• Glass Transition – High (300 F)• Flammability – No (High number of double carbon
bonds will extinguish –soot)
Polycarbonates (PC)
Polycarbonates are amorphous linear polyesters with excellent moldability.
Good impact strength, temperature resistance.
Transparent (aka Plexiglas) Tensile strength similar to ABS and
nylon except impact strength can be 10X greater! But……Costs more and susceptible to environmental stress cracking.
Polycarbonates (PC)
Uses include: Helmets (football and hard hats),
face shield, power tool housings, cell phones, automotive dashboards, window cranks, small gears, etc.
Acetal
DONE!! Rest is just for reference!!!
Polyoxymethylene (Acetal or POM)• Crystalline – Yes, very flexible• Hygroscopic – Yes (O)• Glass Transition – Low (-100 F)• Flammability – Yes (only C and O bonds)
Acetal
Major Uses Gears Bearings Faucet Components Fuel Pump Components Refrigerator Clips Zippers
Acetal
Why would you want to use it? Low to Medium Cost Good Chemical Resistance High Strength Excellent Fatigue Good Creep Resistance Lubricity Dimensional Stability at High
Temperature
Acetal
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion Blow Molding Rotomolding
Acetal
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 200° Min = ~ -100
AcetalProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.420Price 1.44 1.5 $/lbTensile Strength 10000 psiFlexural Modulus 430 ksiIZOD (Notched) 1.5 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 0.3% Max Crystallinity 85Tg -103 °FHDT @ 264 260 °F
Acetal
Material Suppliers DuPont Hoechst Celanese BASF LNP
Acrylic
PMMA
Polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic)
• Crystalline – No, too rigid (dual methyl groups)• Hygroscopic – Yes (O)• Glass Transition – High (220 F)• Flammability – Yes (only C-H and C=O bonds)
Acrylic
Major Uses Sheet
Windows Displays
Signs Surgical Instruments
Acrylic
Why would you want to use it? Low Cost Good Chemical Resistance Hardness Good Creep Resistance Transparency Best Polymer for Weatherability
Acrylic
Processes Casting Injection Molding Extrusion Thermoforming
Acrylic
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 80° Min = Already below Tg
AcrylicProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.170 1.200Price 0.82 0.87 $/lbTensile Strength 8500 psiFlexural Modulus 350 ksiIZOD (Notched) 0.45 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 0.3% Max Crystallinity 0Tg 220 °FHDT @ 264 190 °F
Acrylic
Material Suppliers AtoHaas Continental DuPont ICI
Cellulosic
Cellulosic
Major Uses Tool Handles Safety Glasses Tooth Brush Handles Automotive and Furniture Trim Toys Tubing Writing Instruments
Cellulosic
Why would you want to use it? Low Cost Medium Chemical Resistance Hardness Transparency Rigid
Cellulosic
Processes Casting Injection Molding Extrusion
Cellulosic
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 220° Min = Already below Tg
CellulosicProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.220 1.340Price 1.75 1.78 $/lbTensile Strength 3000 psiFlexural Modulus 280 ksiIZOD (Notched) 4.4 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 2.3% Max Crystallinity 60Tg 248 °FHDT @ 264 135 °F
Cellulosic
Material Suppliers Albis Eastman Kleer Rotuba
Ionomer
Ionomer
Major Uses Golf Ball Covers Automotive Bumper Pads Film for Food and Drugs
Ionomer
Why would you want to use it? Good Resilience Good Flexibility Abrasion Resistance Good Chemical Resistance
Ionomer
Processes Injection Molding Extrusion
Ionomer
Long Term Service Temperature Max = 100° Min = -40
IonomerProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 0.930 0.960Price $/lbTensile Strength 2500 5400 psiFlexural Modulus 3 55 ksiIZOD (Notched) 7 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 0.1 0.5% Max CrystallinityTg °FHDT @ 264 93 100 °F
Ionomer
Material Suppliers Amoco BASF
THERMOSETS:
Polymer Materials
Thermoset EPOXY Melamine Urea Phenolic Polyester Vinyl Ester
EPOXY
EPOXY
Major Uses Encapsulating Electronic
Components Bobbins for Coil Windings Adhesives
Epoxy
Why would you want to use it? High Mechanical Strength Outstanding Adhesive Properties Good Resistance to Heat Good Chemical Resistance
Epoxy
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
EpoxyProperty
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.720 1.930Price 1.30 1.42 $/lbTensile Strength 6200 psiFlexural Modulus 360 ksiIZOD (Notched) 0.22 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption% Max Crystallinity 0Tg 480 °FHDT @ 264 195 °F
Epoxy
Material Suppliers Ciba-Geigy Dow Shell
Melamine (Amino)
Melamine
Major Uses Molded Dinnerware Electric Shaver Housings Buttons Ashtrays Connector Bodies
Melamine
Why would you want to use it? High Surface Hardness Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Resists Chipping and Breaking
Melamine
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Melamine (Alpha Cellulose)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.500Price 0.90 0.94 $/lbTensile Strength 5000 13000 psiFlexural Modulus 1100 ksiIZOD (Notched) 0.27 0.34 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption 0.4 0.8% Max CrystallinityTg °FHDT @ 264 360 °F
Melamine
Material Suppliers American Cynamid BIP Bud Co.
Urea (Amino)
Urea
Major Uses Control Housings Wiring Devices Control Buttons Knobs
Urea
Why would you want to use it? High Surface Hardness Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Resists Chipping and Breaking
Urea
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Urea (Alpha Cellulose)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 0.900 1.310Price 0.67 0.83 $/lbTensile Strength 5500 13000 psiFlexural Modulus 1300 1600 ksiIZOD (Notched) 0.25 0.4 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption% Max CrystallinityTg °FHDT @ 264 260 290 °F
Urea
Material Suppliers American Cynamid BIP Bud Co.
Phenolic
Phenolic
Major Uses Electrical Products Connectors Cooking ware (recall plate) Ashtrays Utensil Handles Elecrtic Motor Components Knobs
Phenolic
Why would you want to use it? Good Heat Resistance Good Flame Resistance Good Rigidity Good Creep Resistance
Phenolic
Processes Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Phenolic (Wood Floor)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.370 1.460Price 0.74 1.50 $/lbTensile Strength 5000 9000 psiFlexural Modulus 1000 1200 ksiIZOD (Notched) 0.2 0.6 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption% Max CrystallinityTg °FHDT @ 264 300 370 °F
Phenolic
Material Suppliers Amoco Electronic Rogers Plenco
Vinylester
Vinylester
Major Uses Pipe Electrical Equipment Grating Exhaust Stacks Washer Drums Chemical Tanks
Vinylester
Why would you want to use it? Good Heat Resistance Excellent Bonding to Fibers Good Chemical Resistance Good Rigidity Good Creep Resistance
Vinylester
Processes Hand Lay-Up Compression/Transfer Molding Injection Molding
Vinylester (15% Glass Fiber)Property
Low HighSpecific Gravity 1.850Price 1.69 1.72 $/lbTensile Strength 6000 psiFlexural Modulus 18 ksiIZOD (Notched) 8 ft lbs/in% Water Absorption% Max CrystallinityTg °FHDT @ 264 350 °F
Vinylester
Material Suppliers Premix Glastic Reichold