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MULTIPLE ALLELES
Most genes have more than two alleles for the same character
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Involves three alleles for a single gene.
These three genes, in various combinations, produce four phenotypes.
Type A, B, AB, O
Carbohydrate A & B
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
A and B refer to carbohydrates that are found on the surface of the red blood cells that bind to antibodies. O - no carbohydrates A - carb. A B - carb. B AB - carbs. A and B
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
The four blood types result from various combinations of the three different alleles symbolized as:
IA – A is codominant to B
IB – B is codominant to A
ii – O is recessive
* Alleles IA & IB are codominant.
BLOOD TYPING PROBLEM
If the mother has heterozygous type A blood and the father has heterozygous type B blood, is it possible for the child to have type O blood?
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Each blood type has antibodies which bind to foreign carbohydrates (causing the blood to clump). This reaction is a part of the immune
system. Example: Type A blood has antibodies
that react with carbohydrate B.
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Matching compatible blood groups is important for safe blood transfusions.
Type A blood can accept: A or O
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Matching compatible blood groups is important for safe blood transfusions.
Type B blood can accept: B or O
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Matching compatible blood groups is important for safe blood transfusions.
Type AB blood can accept: A, B, or O
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Matching compatible blood groups is important for safe blood transfusions.
Type O blood can accept: O only
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Matching compatible blood groups is important for safe blood transfusions.
Type O blood is known as the universal donor.
Type AB blood is known as the universal recipient.